• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

This study examined the characteristics of linguistic prosody in terms of cerebral lateralization in three groups of 9 healthy speakers and 14 speakers with a history of stroke (7 with left hemisphere damage (LHD), 7 with right hemisphere damage (RHD)). Specifically, prosodic characteristics related to speech rate, duration, pitch, and intensity were examined in three types of interrogative sentences (wh-questions, yes-no questions, alternative questions) with auditory perceptual evaluation. As a result, the statistically significant key variables showed flaws in production of the linguistic prosody in the speakers with LHD. The statistically significant variables were more insufficiently produced for wh-questions than for yes-no and alternative questions. This trend was particularly noticeable in variables related to pitch and speech rate. This result suggests that when Korean speakers process linguistic prosody, such as that of lexico-semantic and syntactic information in interrogative sentences, the left hemisphere seems to be superior to the right hemisphere.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.289-292
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• 2002

국어에서 wh-단어가 포함된 의문사 의문문과 부정사 의문문은 통사적으로 같은 구조를 가지지만 의미적으로는 중의 관계에 있다. 그러나 두 의문문은 문장으로 발화될 때 음성적으로 서로 다른 여러 가지 운율 특징의 차이를 보여줌으로써, 발화 차원에서는 더 이상 중의 관계를 유지하지 않는다. 본고에서는 이러한 중의성의 해소는 두 의문문의 초점이 달리 실현되기 때문이라고 본다. 기존의 연구에서는 두 가지 의문문의 억양 연구를 초점의 작용 범위와 문말 억양의 차이, 강세구 형성의 유형을 중심으로 고찰하였다 .그리고 의문사와 부정사의 의미는, 이에 후행하는 서술어와 형성하는 강세구 유형에서 우선적으로 그 의미가 구분될 수 있다고 보았다. 그러나, 본고에서는 국어의 wh-단어가 초점으로서 작용하는 운율적 돋들림을 좀더 다양한 환경에서 실험하였다. 그리고 의문사${\cdot}$부정사와 후행하는 언어단위의 강세구 형성(accentual phrasing) 유형, 의문사${\cdot}$부정사 의문문 전체 문장 억양의 실현 양상, wh-단어 자체의 음의 높낮이(pitch contour) 실현 유형, 문말 억양(boundary tone)에서 음의 높낮이를 대상으로 분석하였다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

The prosody of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has several abnormal features, including monotonous speech. The purpose of this study was to compare acoustic features between an ASD group and a typically developing (TD) group and within the ASD group. The study also examined audience perceptions of the lengthening effect of increasing the number of syllables. 50 participants were divided into two groups (20 with ASD and 30 TD), and they were asked to imitate a total of 28 sentences. In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, seven participants chose sentence types in 115 sentences. Pitch, intensity, speech rate, and pitch slope were used to analyze the significant differences. In conclusion, the ASD group showed higher pitch and intensity and a lower overall speaking rate than the TD group. Moreover, there were significant differences in s2 slope of interrogative sentences. Finally, based on the auditory-perceptual evaluation, only 4.3% of interrogative sentences produced by participants with ASD were perceived as declarative sentences. The cause of this abnormal prosody has not been clearly identified; however, pragmatic ability and other characteristics of autism are related to ASD prosody. This study identified prosodic ASD patterns and suggested the need to develop treatments to improve prosody.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.59-64
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• 1998

본 논문은 변형된 한국어 문장에 대해 변형 이전의 문장과의 의미적 동일성을 분석하여 한국어 의문문 질의어의 문형과 상이한 문형의 한국어 문장도 정보검색시 검색 대상문에 포함시켜 검색 정확도를 높임으로써 의문문 질의 시스템의 성능을 향상시키는 것에 연구의 초점을 맞추고 있다. 한국어 문장에서 주로 나타나는 피동화에 의한 변형, 분열문에 의한 변형, 명사화에 의한 변형, 어순 재배치에 의한 변형 등의 특성에 대해 알아보고 의문문 질의 시스템에서 그들 각각의 변형을 인식하여 변형 이전의 문장과 동일한 의미의 문장으로 처리하는 방법에 대해서 자세히 살펴보았다.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-48
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• 2003

"왜"로 시작하는 질문들의 성격은 워낙 다양해서, 우리는 "왜" 질문들 모두에 공통적으로 적용되는 흥미로운 이야기를 할 수 있으리라는 것에 대해 회의적이 되기가 쉽다. 이 논문에서 필자는 그런 우려에 맞서, "왜" 질문들이 공동적으로 가진 화용론적, 의미론적 성격들이 존재한다고 주장하면서 그것들이 무엇인지를 논의한다. 필자는 한 의문문의 의미는 그것에 대한 적합한 서술문 대답들의 진리 조건들의 집합이라는 일반적 이론에 입각해서 "왜" 의문문에 대한 적합한 대답들이 갖추어야 할 조건들이 무엇인지 그리고 그 적합한 대답들이 가진 진리 조건이 무엇인지에 대한 이론을 제시한다. 이와 같은 이론을 발전시키는 과정에서 필자는, 어떤 "왜" 의문문이 특정 맥락에서 보다 더 자연스럽게 제기되는 이유가 무엇인가 다양한 종류의 것들 이유, 원이, 근거 등-을 질문한다고 여겨지는 "왜" 의문문들이 어떻게 이 이론에서 통합적인 방식으로 이해될 수 있는가 등의 여러 문제들에 대한 대답을 시도한다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study investigated the status of the wh-island constraint in Seoul Korean. The syntactic movement of a wh-phrase out of an embedded sentence so as to have wide scope at LF is known to be invalid as it violates the wh-island constraint, but there have been studies in which such a movement was possible when the sentence is read with a wh-intonation. We conducted perceptual tests in which subjects were asked to select an answer after listening to each of the four types of interrogative sentences. Three of them were with 'Nugu-leul', which is an accusative form of the wh-phrase 'who' as well as an indefinite form. The fourth sentence contained the name of a person. 'Nugu-leul' and the noun were positioned in the same embedded sentence to see whether the subjects accepted a matrix scope interpretation of the wh-phrases. Response time was transformed to normalized log response time and checked to find any differences in the time taken to select the answers depending on different types of interrogative sentences. The results showed the subjects had a definite preference for the matrix scope interpretation for the sentences with a wh-intonation. The response time required to select the matrix scope interpretation was longer than for any other type of interrogative sentence. We concluded that the wh-island constraint in Seoul Korean is weak.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2019

This study aimed to compare the prosodic characteristics of North Korean defectors and South Koreans in three types of sentences (declarative, interrogative, and negative) in two reading tasks (short and dialogue) through acoustic analysis and auditory-perceptual evaluation. In addition, this study examined the relationship between the auditory-perceptual evaluation scores and self-assessment questionnaires on intonation for North Korean defectors. The participants were 15 North Korean defectors and 15 Korean speakers with standard Seoul accents. For statistical analysis, three-way mixed ANOVA and multivariate analysis were performed within the three types of sentences in the reading tasks through acoustic analysis and the Mann-Whitney U Test for auditory-perceptual evaluation. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were also used to identify the correlations between the results of the self-assessment questionnaire on intonation and the auditory-perceptual evaluation. The North Korean defectors were found to have a significantly lower pitch range and auditory-perceptual evaluation score than South Koreans in reading tasks. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between their auditory-perceptual evaluations and self-assessment questionnaires on intonation. The study findings suggest that North Korean defectors, who face many challenges with intonation, showed a tendency to think that their intonation differed from the standard Korean intonation and showed better auditory evaluation results for interrogative sentences.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.37-43
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 기존의 키워드 검색 시스템의 불편함과 비효율성을 지적하고 이를 극복하기 위해 한국어 의문문 자체를 질의어로 채택하여 정보를 검색하는 자연어 기반의 정보검색 시스템을 제안하였다. 본 시스템은 주격 주제어와 서술격 주제어는 물론 의문의 초점과 초점 관련 어구에 대해서도 질의어 분석단계에서 분석하여 검색자의 요구에 부응하는 응답문 검색이 가능하도록 설계하였다. 본 논문에서는 의문문 질의 시스템에 적합하도록 의문사를 5형태로 분류하고 실제 한국어 문장에서 이들 각각에 대한 처리를 규칙화시켜 질의어의 체계적인 분석을 시도하였다. 한편, 후보 문장 검색을 위한 색인어로 사용되는 주격 주제어와 서술격 주제어를 정해진 규칙을 통해 추출함으로써 체계적이고 정확도 높은 질의어 분석이 이루어지도록 했다. 뿐만 아니라 의문의 초점과 초점 관련 어구또한 정해진 규칙을 통해 분석 추출함으로써 응답문 검색의 정확성을 높였다.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1998

In this paper production and perception data were examined to discover what acoustic features are used in distinguishing wh-questions and yes/no-questions. Production data show that the two question types are distinguished by different accentual phrasing, pitch ranges in wh-phrases, and initial lenis stop voicing of the first syllable in verb phrases. Perception data by synthetic intonation show that the two question types are distinguished by the width of pitch ranges between the first and the second syllable in wh-phrases. Initial lenis stop voicing of the first syllable in verb phrases produces a strong effect on the perceptual discrimination of the two question types.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

In Korean, wh-question and indefinite yes-no questions have the same morphemic and syntactic structure. In speech, however, these two types of questions are distinguished by a prosodic difference. In this study, we examined if Chinese Korean leaners can distinguish between these two types of questions in production and if they can correctly perceive the different meaning of a question based on the prosodic information. For this purpose, we analysed two types of interrogative sentences produced by 5 native speakers and 15 Chinese Korean language leaners. The results show that the 5 Korean native speakers produce two types of questions by a salient prosodic difference, i.e., difference of prosodic structure, different pitch range of wh-phrase and indefinite phrase, and different boundary tone. However, for the 15 Chinese speakers, the two types of questions were not distinguished by the same prosodic features but in the perception analysis they were able to distinguish between the two types of questions easily.