• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

Recent advances in technology of medical image have made surgical simulation that is helpful to diagnosis, operation plan, or education. Improving and enhancing the medical imaging have led to the availability of high definition images and three-dimensional (3D) visualization, it allows a better understanding in the surgical and educational field. The Real human field of view is stereoscopic. Therefore, with just 2D images, stereoscopic reconstruction process through the surgeon's head, is necessary. To reduce these process, 3D images have been used. 3D images enhanced 3D visualization, it provides significantly shorter time for surgeon for judgment in complex situations. Based on 3D image data set, virtual medical simulations, such as virtual endoscopy, surgical planning, and real-time interaction, have become possible. This article describes principles and recent applications of newer imaging techniques and special attention is directed towards medical 3D reconstruction techniques. Recent advances in technology of CT, MR and other imaging modalities has resulted in exciting new solutions and possibilities of shoulder imaging. Especially, three-dimensional (3D) images derived from medical devices provides advanced information. This presentation describes the principles and potential applications of 3D imaging techniques, simulation and printing in shoulder and elbow practice.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

서론(Introduction) : 의학 시뮬레이션(medical simulation)은 교육생 학습과정에서 내재된 위험이 환자에게 가해짐 없이 교육생이 실제적인 환자 상황을 경험할 수 있게 하고 여러 다양한 임상내용이 포함한 상황에 적용될 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 기술의 사용은 의학교육(medical education), 인증서(certification), 면허교부(Licensure)와 의료의 질 형성에 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 복강경 수술, 내시경검사, 전문심장구조술, 응급기도관리와 외상소생을 포함한 다양한 임상시술의 수행에서 시뮬레이션이 교육생의 술기를 달성하고, 측정하고, 유지하는 유효성을 증명하였다 컴퓨터로 조절되는 시뮬레이터는 맥박, 혈압, 호흡, 대화가 가능하고, 중증질환 또는 외상환자의 치료에 필요한 같은 인명구조 시술을 수행할 수 있다. 의학 시뮬레이션은 의사, 간호사, 응급구조사와 응급 진료를 필요로 하는 환자를 치료하는 사람에게 필요하다. 최신 전문심장구조술 과정수업은 전통적인 강의와 제한된 팀 상호작용이 포함된 이틀 과정이다. 우리는 비 영어권 국제 응급구조학생의 전문심장구조술 술기능력을 알아보고, 그것을 미국 응급구조학생과 비교하고자 한다. 목적(Objective) : 이 연구의 목적은 다양한 전문심장구조술 증례 시나리오를 가진 의학 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 미국과 한국의 응급구조 학생의 능력을 비교하는 것이다. 시행 장소(Site Location) : 이 연구는 한국 제주도에 위치한 제주한라대학 스토니브룩 응급의료교육원에서 진행되었다. 학생들의 평가는 스토니브룩에 위치한 스토니브룩 대학 의료원의 한 명의 평가자(Dr. lee)에 의해 수행되었다. 방법(Methods) : 15명의 한국 응급구조학생들은 세 팀으로 무작위로 선정하였다. 5명이 한 팀이 되어 같은 증례의 시나리오를 받았다. 세 가지 시나리오는 : 첫째, 천식지속상태(Status asthmaticus), 둘째, 긴장기흉을 동반한 만성폐쇄성폐질환(COPD with tension penumothorax) 그리고 마지막으로 메가코드(megacode)를 가진 심정지 이다. 세 팀을 각각 그리고 기본인명구조술(BLS)과 전문심장구조술(ACLS)과정을 마친 미국 응급구조학생들과 비교하였다. 15명의 미국 응급구조학생들 또한 세 팀으로 무작위로 선정하였다. 이 응급구조 학생들은 플러싱병원 의료원 소속으로 그곳에서 이 연구에 참여할 뿐만 아니라 지속적인 의학교육(CME)이수를 받았다. 이들에게도 같은 세 가지 증례의 시나리오가 주어졌고 Dr lee는 총 여섯 팀을 평가하였다(한국 세 팀과 미국 세팀). 결과(Results) : 양 국가의 모든 15명의 학생이 의학시뮬레이터를 사용하여 전문심장구조술 메가코드시험을 포함한 시험에 모두 통과하였다. 비록 학생들을 무작위로 세 팀으로 나누었지만 한 팀이 이 모든 세 증례에서 다른 팀보다 뛰어났다. 제주한라대학 2번 팀은 더 나은 기도관리, 리듬인식과 임상술기를 가진 모든 중요한 활동을 얻기에서 우수했다. 그들은 핵심요구사항을 90% 이상 충족시겼다. 한국의 2번팀(G2K)은 메가코드에서 기도개방, 호흡평가, 순환징후 그리고 흉부압박수와 같은 신체검진 술기에서도 탁월했다. 게다가 다른 팀과 비교 시 리듬인식, 약물지식과 임상술기에서도 높은 점수를 받았으며 2번팀(G2K)이 6팀 중에 가장 뛰어나게 역활수행을 하였다. 결론(Conclusion) : 이 비교 연구에서 한국학생과 미국학생간에 전문심장구조술 메가코드 시험의 통과율에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 미국학생은 세 팀 사이에 더 적은 변이로 더 일괄된 점수를 받았다. 한국학생들도 모든 세 가지 증례를 통과하였지만 이 세 팀은 미국학생 팀보다 점수에서 더 큰 변이를 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.538-540
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• 2018

인체 장기의 3D 모델은 의료분야에 널리 활용이 되고 있다. 사람의 신체를 3D로 구현하기 위한 많은 연구들이 수행 되었으나, 사람의 신체 크기 변화에 따른 내부의 장기를 보여주는 시뮬레이션에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 인체 장기의 3D 모델 시뮬레이션을 통해 장기를 3차원으로 보여주고 3차원의 모양을 비교할 수 있는 뷰어를 구현하였다. 장기의 3D 모델을 활용하는 의학 및 의료 분야에 도움이 될 것이다. 3D 프린팅과 접목하여 사람의 내부 장기를 3D로 출력하는 연구 분야에 활용할 예정이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.361-362
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 효율적인 환자 이송 및 치료를 위한 응급구조사와 의료기관 간의 의사소통 및 질 관리를 위한 EC&M (Efficient Communication and Management) 시스템을 제안한다. 이는 관련 앱을 효율적으로 사용하여 응급차 배치부터 병원 도착 시 환자 수속 작업 등을 최소화하고, 각 작업의 수행시간을 최소화 한다. 또한 이 시스템의 사용자는 소방청, 의료기관, 119 응급 구조사이고, 이 중 응급구조사에 초점을 두었다. 이는 PRE-KTAS를 소방청과 의료기관에 동시전달하여 전달된 PRE-KTAS를 통한 적절한 의료기관을 배치하고 선정된 응급의학 전문의에게 직접의료지도를 요청할 수 있다. 그리고 응급구조사는 의무기록활동지를 작성하여 의료기관에 전달하여 내용전달의 효율성을 높인다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안하는 응급구조사와 의료기관 간의 정보 공유 시스템은 기존에 제안하는 앱을 사용하지 않고 발생했던 많은 문제를 해결 할 수 있을 것이므로 기존의 앱보다 우수할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

The disasters in Korea, such as the Sewol Ferry Ship sinking disaster has had problems related to the medical response system, with the problems of emergency medical support team in the site, the cooperation between medical staff and fire department officer at disaster site, field medical support and hospital acceptance of the wounded in trouble, the lack of specific systematic medical response manual. Therefore, from May 2014, when the disaster emergency information center in Central Emergency Medical Center starts, collection, modification and education of scattered preexisting disaster emergency medical manual had appeared as important issues. So, it was necessary to develop the early medical response system to disaster. The correction planning of disaster emergency medical response system by Central Emergency Medical Center included quick response system with the fast medical team operation, but the practical application was not enough. So the researcher and his team developed the first Korean disaster emergency medical response manual and the process of development was documented and arranged with the application by education and training.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2012

The waiting time of patients is an important factor related with service quality of a hospital system. An appointment system of patients is not popular, in special, in a private hospital. An appointment system is expected to diversify patients in time and to reduce patient's waiting time. Three appointment rules are suggested and analyzed to compare the waiting time of appointment and walk-in patients using simulation analysis. The results of two way ANOVA show that the time slot of 30 minutes for allocating appointment patients is better than the time slot of 60 minites in view of patient's waiting time. The results of the appointment level 1 also show that the constant pattern rule and the zigzag pattern rule give shorter waiting time for walk-in patient and for appointment patient, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.988-991
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• 2015

3D printing technology is instrument that can create real objects in three-dimensional space, as printed on paper, if the three-dimensional designs are made. 3D printing technology has been recently used in various field of medicine, and also biomedical application of three dimensional printing technology remains one of the most important research topics until now. 3D printing technology is causing a revolutionary change in the overall automotive manufacturing, aerospace, marine, medical and so on. The medical industry applications of current 3D printer are a virtual simulation, custom medical implants manufactured, practice of medical personnel. In this study, we analyzed 3D printing technology and application cases for medical services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.403-408
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• 2013

This study made a tentative estimation of the shielding rate of barium compound by thickness through monte carlo simulation to apply medical radiation shielding products that can replace existing lead. Barium sulfate($BaSO_4$) was used for the shielding material, and thickness of the shielding material specimen was simulated from 0.1 mm to 5 mm by applying $15{\times}15cm^2$ of specimen area, $4.5g/cm^3$ of density of barium sulfate, and $11.34g/cm^3$ density of lead. Entered source was simulated with 10kVp Step in consecutive X-ray energy spectrum(40 kVp ~ 120 kVp). Absorption probability in 40 kVp ~ 60 kVp showed same shielding rate with lead in 3 mm ~ 5 mm of thickness, but it was identified that under 2 mm, the shielding rate was a bit lower than the existing lead shielding material. Also, the shielding rate in 70 kVp ~ 120 kVp energy band showed similar performance as the existing lead shielding material, but it was tentatively estimated as fairly low shielding rate below 0.5 mm. This study estimated the shielding rate of barium compound as the thickness function of x-ray energy band for medical radiation through monte carlo simulation, and made comparative analysis with existing lead. Also, this study intended to verify application validity of the x-ray shielding material for medical radiation of pure barium sulfate. As a result, it was estimated that the shielding effect was 95% higher than the existing lead 1.5 mm in at least 2 mm thickness of barium compound in medical radiation energy band 70 kVp ~ 120 kVp, and this result is considered valid to be provided as a base data in weight lightening production of radiation shielding product for medical radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.489-495
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• 2023

Radiation shielding facilities are constructed in locations where diagnostic radiation generators are installed, with the aim of preventing exposure for patients and radiation workers. The purpose of this study is seek to compare and validate the trend of attenuation thickness of lead, the primary material in these radiation shielding facilities, at different maximum tube voltages by Monte Carlo simulations and measurement. We employed the Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 simulation code. Within this simulation, we set a lead shielding arrangement, where the distance between the source and the lead sheet was set at 100 cm and the field of view was set at 10 × 10 cm². Additionally, we varied the tube voltages to encompass 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. We calculated energy spectra for each respective tube voltage and applied them in the simulations. Lead thicknesses corresponding to attenuation rates of 50, 70, 90, and 95% were determined for tube voltages of 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. For 80 kVp, the calculated thicknesses for these attenuation rates were 0.03, 0.08, 0.21, and 0.33 mm, respectively. For 100 kVp, the values were 0.05, 0.12, 0.30, and 0.50 mm. Similarly, for 120 kVp, they were 0.06, 0.14, 0.38, and 0.56 mm. Lastly, at 140 kVp, the corresponding thicknesses were 0.08, 0.16, 0.42, and 0.61 mm. Measurements were conducted to validate the calculated lead thicknesses. The radiation generator employed was the GE Healthcare Discovery XR 656, and the dosimeter used was the IBA MagicMax. The experimental results showed that at 80 kVp, the attenuation rates for different thicknesses were 43.56, 70.33, 89.85, and 93.05%, respectively. Similarly, at 100 kVp, the rates were 52.49, 72.26, 86.31, and 92.17%. For 120 kVp, the attenuation rates were 48.26, 71.18, 87.30, and 91.56%. Lastly, at 140 kVp, they were measured 50.45, 68.75, 89.95, and 91.65%. Upon comparing the simulation and experimental results, it was confirmed that the differences between the two values were within an average of approximately 3%. These research findings serve to validate the reliability of Monte Carlo simulations and could be employed as fundamental data for future radiation shielding facility construction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to estimating the possibility of manufacturing radiation shielding sheet by searching for environmentally friendly materials suitable for medical environment of medical radiation shielding. There are many tungsten products which are currently used as shielding materials in place of lead, but there are small problems in the mass production of lightweight shielding sheets due to economical efficiency. To solve these problems, a lightweight, environmentally friendly material with economical efficiency is required. In this study, Barium sulphate and Iodine were proposed. Both materials are already used as contrast medias in radiography, and it is predicted that the shielding effect will be sufficient in a certain region as a shielding material because of the characteristic of absorbing radiation. Therefore, in this study, we used a Monte Carlo simulation to simulate radiation shielding materials. When it is a contrast agent such as Barium sulfate and Iodine, the radiation absorption effect in the high energy region appears greatly, and the effectiveness of the two shielding substance in the energy region of the star with thickness of 120 kVp is also evaluated in the medical radiation imaging region. Simulated estimation results it was possible to estimate the effectiveness of shielding for all two substances. Iodine has higher shielding effect than barium sulfate, 0.05 mm thick appears great effect. Therefore, the Monte Carlo simulation confirms that iodine, which is a radiological contrast agent, is also usable as barium sulfate in the production of radiation shielding sheets.