• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.599-609
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• 2009

An overview of the recently finalized multi-channel audio coding standard MPEG Surround is provided. This audio coding standard downmixes multi-channel signals to mono or stereo signals and, simultaneously, extracts spatial parameters for its encoding process. In its decoding process, it reconstructs multi-channel signals based on the downmix signals and spatial parameters. Since the downmix signals are coded in conventional audio coding format such as AAC and MP3 and the spatial parameters require a small amount of information MPEG Surround guarantees high sound quality multi-channel audio at low bit rates. Besides, it is backward-compatible to conventional audio coding techniques because the downmix signals can be played on portable audio devices ignoring the spatial parameter information. In this paper, Part 1 presents an overview of the basic structure of MPEG Surround and Part 2 describes various modes and tools including the binaural mode which supports the virtual 5.1-channel playback via headphones or earphones. The listening test results by various companies and organizations are also presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.163-167
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• 1998

스테레오로 생성된 음향을 헤드폰을 사용하면 좌,우의 소리는 각각 좌,우의 귀로 상호 혼선 없이 전달된다. 그러나 2개의 스피커를 사용한다면 좌,우의 소리가 혼합되어 들린다. 이러한. 혼합현상을 크로스톡이라 하며, 이 경우 본래의 소리는 변질되어 들린다. 이러한 현상을 방지차기 위해 스피커로 재생하기 전 신호를 크로스톡 제거기를 통해 한번 더 처리하는 방법을 사용한다. 여기에 사용되는 크로스톡 제거기는 2개의 스피커와 청취자간의 상대 위치, 그리고 스피커와 청취자가 있는 방의 음향특성에 의해서 적절히 변화되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 방의 음향특성이 무향실과 같다고 가정하고 2개의 스피커와 청취자간의 상대적인 위치가 주어졌을 때 효과적으로 크로스톡 제거기률 생성해주는 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 제안된 방법은 머리전달함수를 기반으로 하여 스피커가 청취자로부터 표준반경에 위치하였을 때의 크로스톡 제거기률 데이터 베이스화 하여 일반적인 거리에 위치하였을 경우에도 실시간으로 확장 적용할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.342-349
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• 2008

Multipath makes clear message transfer difficult in the underwater communication. To solve this problem, we propose a new method producing proper MFSP (Modulation Frequency Shift Period) which could be obtained by calculating time delay caused by different path from a transmitter to a receiver. At the transmitter end, messages were divided according to the size of the MFSP and transmitted accordingly alternating Frequency. At the receiver end, the received messages were demodulated in order to recover the original message by the adaptive BISMO algorithm which is constructed at the algorithm design stage. Adaptive MFSP and estimated BER (Bit Error Rate) were calculated through simulation test.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.211-215
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• 1995

명료하고 자연스러운 한국어 음성을 생성하기 위하여 다중대역 여기신호를 이용한 음성 합성 시스팀을 제안한다. 분석계에서는 켑스트럼 파라미터를 사용하여 유성/무성 판별 스펙트럼을 이용한 유/무성 구간 자동판별법을 제안하고, 현재 단순 임펄스와 백색잡음만으로도 구성된 음원과 간단한 유성/무성 판별로 구동되어지는 합성음의 음질상의 한계를 개선하기 위하여 합성계에서는 음질개선 방안으로 유성음 구동시 다중대역 여기신호를 도입하여 합성시 이용한다. 제안된 방법에 대한 청취실험을 한 결과, 유성음 부분 특히 잡음이 많이 섞여 있는 유성음화 마찰음과 모음의 천이부분 등에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 간단한 유성/무성 파라미터를 사용한 합성음에 비하여 다중대역 여기신호를 사용한 합성음의 명료도가 매우 우수함을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.500-510
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• 2023

Passive sonar signals mainly contain both normal and abnormal signals. The abnormal signals mixed with normal signals are primarily detected using an AutoEncoder (AE) that learns only normal signals. However, existing AEs may perform inaccurate detection by reconstructing distorted normal signals from mixed signal. To address these limitations, we propose an abnormal signal detection model based on a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and vector quantization. The proposed model generates a codebook representing the learned latent vectors and detects abnormal signals more accurately through the proposed search process of code vectors. In experiments using publicly available underwater acoustic data, the AE and Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) using the proposed method showed at least a 2.4 % improvement in the detection performance and at least a 9.2 % improvement in the extraction performance for abnormal signals than the existing models.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a deep neural network-based sound interpolation method for realizing virtual reality sound. Through this method, sound between two points is generated by using acoustic signals obtained from two points. Sound interpolation can be performed by statistical methods such as arithmetic mean or geometric mean, but this is insufficient to reflect actual nonlinear acoustic characteristics. In order to solve this problem, in this study, the sound interpolation is performed by training the deep neural network based on the acoustic signals of the two points and the target point, and the experimental results show that the deep neural network-based sound interpolation method is superior to the statistical methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.34-44
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• 2010

In this study, the algorithms for multichannel format conversion and robust representation of spatial sound information are proposed. In the spatial analysis, the directional information of sound source is estimated and sound sources are separated from stereo signal. In the spatial resynthesis, the multichannel matrixing with spatial repanning and post-scaling method are applied to represent a spatial sound. The conventional method about channel format conversion has the problem that the energy of sound source and the spatial information are not preserved in the desired channel format. Because the proposed method is designed in consideration of the target multichannel format and its resynthesized signal, the robust representation of spatial sound can be achieved in the multichannel format conversion.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 시간 지연이 없는 서브밴드 필터 구조를 사용한 능동 소음 제어 시 스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템은 기준 입력 신호와 2차 경로의 전달 함수를 컨볼루션하 여 만들어지는 filtered reference 신호가 서브밴드내에서 생성될 수 있도록, 2차 소음원과 오차 센서 사이의 전기·음향학적인 경로를 나타내는 2차 전달 함수를 각 서브밴드로 재구 성함으로써, 알고리듬 구현시 계산량을 감소시킨다. 또한 2차 경로의 전달함수가 시간에 따 라 변화하는 경우에도 능동 소음 제어 시스템의 소음 제어 성능을 유지할 수 있도록, 각 밴 드마다 두 개의 적응필터를 사용한 on-line 시스템 인지 구조를 제안하여 on-line 시스템 인 지에 필요한 계산량을 감소시켰다. 본 논문에서 제시한 능동 소음 제어 시스템의 제어 성능 과 on-line 시스템 인지 성능을 모의 실험을 통하여 검증하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.381-389
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• 2007

In this paper, the measuring method of underwater acoustic communication channel characteristics in the shallow water using the autocorrelation characteristic of PN sequence and the undorwater communication channel analysis results from the received signal sample data are described. For measuring the underwater acoustic communication channel characteristics, two PN sequences are used as a transmitted data of I-channel and Q-channel of QPSK symbol and QPSK signal is transmitted with symbol rate of 5 kHz and carrier frequency of 25 kHz. In the receiver the received signal, which pass through 675 m and 1492 m, is sampled and then stored. Using the stored sample data, the scattering function, coherent time, delay power profile, spaced-tone autocorrelation function, delay spread, and coherent bandwidth of each propagation distance cases are analyzed. Based on the analysis results, several guidelines are suggested for the design and implementation of underwater transmission system.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2003

Utilizing a thermo-acoustic emission (AE) technique, a study on detection and evaluation of microfractures in cross-ply laminate composites was performed. Fiber breakages and matrix fractures formed by a cryogenic cooling at $-191^{\circ}C$ were observed with ultrasonic C-scan, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Those microfractures were monitored in a non-destructive in-situ state as three different types of thermo-AE signals classified on the basis of Fast-Fourier Transform and Short-Time Fourier Transform. Thus, it was concluded that real-time estimation of microfracture processes being formed during cryogenic cooling could be accomplished by monitoring such different types of thermo-AEs in each time-stage and then by analyzing thermo-AE behaviors for the respective AE types on the basis of the AE signal analysis results obtained during thermal heating and cooling load cycles.