• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.9-19
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• 2012

Time-varying tempo of a song is one of the error sources for the identification of a note duration in automatic music recognition. This paper proposes an improved music transcription scheme equipped with the identification of note duration considering the time-varying tempo. In the proposed scheme the measures are found at first and the tempo, the playing time of each measure, is then estimated. The tempo is then used for resizing each IOI(Inter Onset Interval) length and considered to identify the accurate note duration, which increases the degree of correspondence to the music piece. In the experiment the proposed scheme found the accurate measure position for 14 monophonic children songs out of 16 ones recorded by men and women. Also, it achieved about 89.4% and 84.8% of the degree of matching to the original music piece for identification of note duration and pitch, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2008

And this study intends to discuss especially the one using emotional filter among various information processing methods. The existing music recommendation service on the web has a weak point that it makes the user feel bored by recommending songs only with similar feeling of the same genre, because music is classified by tune, melody, atmosphere and genre before recommendation. The service using emotion filter, suggested in this study, recommends the song and lyrics appropriate to the current emotional state of the user by abstracting emotional words that could reflect the sensitivity of human and then search the words within lyrics to match in order to overcome the weak point of the existing service. This study starts where the current emotional status for the user is being input. As for the range to choose, there are the seven representatives of emotion which are, love, separation, joy, sorrow-gloom, happiness-lonesome, and anger. As the service receives input of user's emotion, it matches the emotional words appropriate for the emotion input with the lyrics, and ranks the lyrics in the order of priority, so that it recommends the song and it lyrics to the user.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.48-59
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• 2014

This study was carried out to present raw data on managing the restored urban stream by studying the naturalized plants distributed in Gaeumjeong Stream, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The results were as follows. The numbers of naturalized plants were summarized as 45 taxa including 17 families, 36 genera, 43 species and 2 varieties. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Lactuca sativa. The following summarizes the attributes of the naturalized plants. Most of the plants commonly originated from Europe and North America. The 5 naturalized degree that was widely distributed and had many individual was the most common. Until 1921, after the opening of 1 period was the most common in the introduced period. Section 12 had the highest NI at 41.9%, and the lowest, at 20.5%, in sections 9 and 19 were analyzed. Section 1 had the highest UI at 6.2%, whereas, the lowest, at 2.5%, was calculated in sections 19 and 20. Section 2 showed the highest DI at 16.7%. The first results of the analysis of the causes for the invasion of naturalized plants on the riverside and waterways, and physical factors and maintenance are directly affected. Second, sewage, muddy water and sediment deposits this naturalized plant caused by a chemical factor. Third, it is thought that invasive alien plants are irregular as it happens in biological factor. The proposed management plan naturalized plants, the first, disturbance caused by species management is a young object is removed immediately before flowering scape to eliminate or suppress the propagation of physical methods will be needed. Second, the fact that the national spread of native plant species and planting management does not provide space for the growth is very important. Third, agricultural land is disturbed by agricultural practices by interfering with the action of naturalized plants because the source of the river should be prohibited in agriculture. In the future, if we studied the naturalized plants distributed in restored streams located in Changwon-si, the characteristics of change in the ecosystem impact is expected to be beneficial.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.301-315
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of the Kumjung Mountain, using a Individual Travel Cost Model(ITCM). This paper compares Poisson and negative binomial count data models to measure the tourism demands. Interviewers were instructed to interview only individuals. So the sample was taken in 700. A dependent variable that is defined on the non-negative integers and subject to sampling truncation is the result of a truncated count data process. The results suggest that the truncated negative binomial model is improved overdispersion problem and more preferred than the other models in the study. This study emphasizes in particular 'travel cost' that is not only monetary cost but also including opportunity cost of 'travel time'. According to the truncated negative binomial model, estimates the Consumer Surplus(CS) values per trip of about 60,669 Korean won and the total economic value was estimated to be 252,383 Korean won.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.205-229
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• 1997

JuJinHyoung(朱震亨) is a well-known physcian of the four schools in the Jin(金) and Yuan(元) Dynasties. He lived in ZhejiangSheng(浙江省) which located in the southeast region of China. There was humid and heatful climate, this kinds of environments influenced to his medical thoughts. He persisted in the theory that Yang is ever in excess while Yin is ever deficient(陽常有餘陰不足論) and exhorted the therapy of subduing excessive Yang and making up deficient Yin by nourishing it, and he said about the theory of ministerial fire(相火論). So he was regarded as a representative of the nourising Yin school(滋陰派). And he said that the method of "Clearing away heat and nourishing blood" is suitable in pregnancy. So Stucellaria baicalensis GEORGI and Atractylodes macrocephala KOIDZ. Can be apply in case of treatment on Anti-abortion. Thus these theories have influenced on Obstetric & Gynecology in Korea.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2016

This study investigated the tonal characteristics in Korean emotion words by analyzing the pitch patterns transformed from word utterance. Participants were 30 women, ages 19-23. Each participant was instructed to talk about their emotional experiences using 4-syllable target words. A total of 180 utterances were analyzed in terms of the frequency of each syllable using the Praat. The data were transformed into meantones based on the semi-tone scale. When emotion words were used in the middle of a sentence, the pitch pattern was transformed to A3-A3-G3-G3 for '즐거워서(joyful)', C4-D4-B3-A3 for '행복해서(happy)', G3-A3-G3-G3 for '억울해서(resentful)', A3-A3-G3-A3 for '불안해서(anxious)', and C4-C4-A3-G3 for '침울해서(frustrated)'. When the emotion words were used at the end of a sentence, the pitch pattern was transformed to G4-G4-F4-F4 for '즐거워요(joyful)', D4-D4-A3-G3 for '행복해요(happy)', G3-G3-G3-A3 and F3-G3-E3-D3 for '억울해요(resentful)', A3-G3-F3-F3 for '불안해요(anxious)', and A3-A3-F3-F3 for '침울해요(frustrated)'. These results indicate the differences in pitch patterns depending on the conveyed emotions and the position of words in a sentence. This study presents the baseline data on the tonal characteristics of emotion words, thereby suggesting how pitch patterns could be utilized when creating a melody during songwriting for emotional expression.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

We suggest a graphical representation of the tension flow in tonal music using a piecewise parametric curve, which is a function of time illustrating the changing degree of tension in a corresponding chord progression. The tension curve can be edited by using conventional curve editing techniques to reharmonize the original music with reflecting the user's demand to control the tension of music. We introduce three different methods to measure the tension of a chord in terms of a specific key, which can be used to represent the tension of the chord numerically. Then, by interpolating the series of numerical tension values, a tension curve is constructed. In this paper, we show the tension curve editing method can be effectively used in several interesting applications: enhancing or weakening the overall feeling of tension in a whole song, the local control of tension in a specific region of music, the progressive transition of tension flow from source to target chord progressions, and natural connection of two songs with maintaining the smoothness of the tension flow. Our work shows the possibility of controlling the perceptual factor (tension) in music by using numerical methods. Most of the computations used in this paper are not expensive so they can be calculated in real time. We think that an interesting application of our method is an interactive modification of tension in background music according to the user's emotion or current scenario in the interactive environments such as games.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.488-496
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• 2004

This paper describes a music information retrieval system which uses humming as the key for retrieval Humming is an easy way for the user to input a melody. However, there are several problems with humming that degrade the retrieval of information. One problem is a human factor. Sometimes people do not sing accurately, especially if they are inexperienced or unaccompanied. Another problem arises from signal processing. Therefore, a music information retrieval method should be sufficiently robust to surmount various humming errors and signal processing problems. A retrieval system has to extract pitch from the user's humming. However pitch extraction is not perfect. It often captures half or double pitches. even if the extraction algorithms take the continuity of the pitch into account. Considering these problems. we propose a system that takes multiple pitch candidates into account. In addition to the frequencies of the pitch candidates. the confidence measures obtained from their powers are taken into consideration as well. We also propose the use of an algorithm with three dimensions that is an extension of the conventional DP algorithm, so that multiple pitch candidates can be treated. Moreover in the proposed algorithm. DP paths are changed dynamically to take deltaPitches and IOIratios of input and reference notes into account in order to treat notes being split or unified. We carried out an evaluation experiment to compare the proposed system with a conventional system. From the experiment. the proposed method gave better retrieval performance than the conventional system.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

The reduction of optical losses in mono-crystalline silicon solar cell by surface texturing is a critical step to improve the overall cell efficiency. In this study, we have changed the sub-micrometer structure on the micrometer pyramidal structure by 2-step texturing. The Ag particles were coated on the micrometer pyramid surface in $AgNO_3$ solution, and then the etching with hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen peroxide created even smaller nano-pyramids in these pyramids. As a result, we observed that the changes of size and thickness of nano structure on pyramidal surface were determined by $AgNO_3$ concentration and etching time. Using 2-step texturing, the surface of wafers is etched to resemble the rough surface of a lotus leaf. Lotus surface can reduce average reflectance from 10% to below 3%. This reflectance is less than conventional textured wafer including anti-reflection coating.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.737-743
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• 1995

Background: Pneumonia is a frequent complication in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, Quantitative culture of protected specimen brush(PSB) have shown satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. However PSB method is invasive, expensive, and require a bronchoscopic procedure. But endotracheal aspiration(EA) is simple and less expensive. The purpose of our study was to investigate the diagnosic value of EA quantitative cultures. Method: We studied 15 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia(for >72h of mechanical ventilation) patients. Patients were divided into two diagnostic categories. Group I was the patients who were suspicious of clinical pneumonia, Group II was the patients for control. The obtained samples by EA and PSB were homogenized for quantitative culture with a calibrated loop method in all patients. Result: Using $10^3cfu/ml$, $10^5cfu/ml$ as threshold in quantitative culture of PSB, EA respectively, we found that EA quantitative cultures represented a relatively sentive(70%) and relatively specific (60%) method to diagnose the ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusion: Although EA quantitative cultures are less specific than PSB for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. EA quantitative cultures correlated with PSB quantitative culture in patients with clinical pneumonia and may be used to treat these patients when bronchoscopic procedures are not available.