• 월간산업보건
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• s.88
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• pp.57-60
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• 1995

PAT program(The Proficiency Analytical Testing Program)은 미국산업위생협회(American Industrial Hygiene Association AIHA)와 미국산업안전보건연구원(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH)에서 공동주관하는 정도관리로서 일년에 4회 실시하고 있다. 실시항목은 금속(납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 아연), 유리규산, 석면, 유기,용제(Benzen, O-Xylene, Toluene, Carbon Tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane, Chloroform, Tetrachloroethylene, 1, 2-Dichloroethane, methanol, p-Dioxane)이다. 대한산업보건협회 산업보건연구소에서는 위의 4가지 항목을 모두 신청하여 1995년 1월에 실시된 120회 부터 참여하였는데 다음은 본 연구소의 120화에 대한 분석방법과 NIOSH로 부터 받은 결과이다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.309-325
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• 2004

The Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, northwest Queensland, Australia developed around the host rocks composing banded and migmatitic gneisses, sillimanite-garnet schist and amphibolite. Three crystal habits of sillimanite, gahnite (Zn-spinel) and garnet porphyroblasts occurred on the host rocks of the Cannington deposit could be used to delineate metamorphism that closely associated with Zn-mineralization in the deposit. Linkages the metamorphism to Zinc-mineralization is determined in four chemical systems, KFMASH (K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-Al$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$), KFMASHTO (K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-Al$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$-TiO$_2$-Fe$_2$O$_3$), NCKFMASH (Na$_2$O-CaO-K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-AlO$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$) and MnNCK-FMASH (MnO-Na$_2$O-CaO-K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-AlO$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$), using THERMOCALC program (version 3.1; Powell and Holland 1988). Partial melting in MnNCKFMASH and NCKFMASH systems occurs at lower temperature than in the KFMASH and KFMASHTO systems. The partial melting temperature decreases with increasing of Na/(Na+Ca+K) of the bulk rock compositions in the MnNCKFMASH system. The host rocks have melted ca 15 vol.% in the MnNCKFMASH system at peak metamorphic conditions (634$\pm$62$^{\circ}C$ and 4.8$\pm$1.3 kbar), but partial melting have not occurred in KFMASHTO system. Based on calculations of sillimanite isograd in different systems and sillimanite modal pro-portion, prismatic and rhombic sillimanite and gahnite porphyroblasts including prismatic sillimanite inclusion probably have resulted from pressure and temperature increasing through partial melting (from 550～$600^{\circ}C$, 2.0～3.0 kbar to 700～75$0^{\circ}C$, 5.0～7.0 kbar), furthermore have experienced N-S then W-E crustal shortening during D$_1$ and D$_2$ deformation. Consequently, Zinc mineralization related to gahnite growth occurred during D$_2$ and was redistributed and upgraded by partial melting and retrograde metamorphism into structural and rheological sites during shearing in D$_3$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

To monitor the heavy metal exposure conditions of Feral Pigeons Columba livia, we collected them at commercial area, industrial area, park area and resident area in Seoul. In feathers, iron concentrations were significantly different among habitats(ANOVA, p<0.05), and were the highest at park area. Manganese concentrations were relatively higher at industrial and park area than other areas(ANOVA, p<0.05). In case of copper levels were the significantly highest at park area(ANOVA, p<0.05). Zinc, lead and cadmium had no difference among habitats. Correlation between livers and feathers concentrations were highly significant to copper(r²=0.983, p<0.01) and cadmium(r²=0.632, p<0.01), but iron, zinc, manganese and lead were not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1873-1879
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• 2010

This study was conducted to estimate the heavy metal contents of vegetables available on the markets in Seoul area. Concentrations of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were measured in 300 samples using a mercury analyzer and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) after wet digestion. The average values of heavy metals in vegetables were as follows [mean (minimum~maximum), mg/kg]; Hg: 0.0005 (N.D~0.007), Pb: 0.011 (N.D~0.259), Cd: 0.012 (N.D~0.188), As: 0.002 (N.D~0.142), Cr: 0.100 (0.019~0.954), Ni: 0.093 (0.003~1.231), Cu: 1.098 (0.072~36.29), and Zn: 3.48 (0.485~21.31). The heavy metal contents of vegetables available on the markets in Seoul were almost the same as or lower than those reported in other studies. The weekly average intakes of mercury, lead and cadmium from vegetables take 0.44~7.71% of PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) that the FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee sets for evaluation of food safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2009

We collected 177 fishes representing 53 species of fish from the eastern (Pohang), western (Gunsan), and southern (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea, and measured their heavy metal contents. The mean recoveries of the heavy metals extracted from cod muscle (certified reference material, CRM) were $88.7{\sim}100.6%$. The mean levels of the heavy metals in the samples taken from the edible portion of each fish were high in the order of Zn ($8.981{\pm}4.835{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($0.755{\pm}0.507{\mu}g/g$), and Mn ($0.433{\pm}0.699{\mu}g/g$), which are necessary metals in the human body, and then followed by Cr ($0.206{\pm}0.181{\mu}g/g$), Ni ($0.081{\pm}0.110{\mu}g/g$), Pb ($0.038{\pm}0.046{\mu}g/g$), Cd ($0.017{\pm}0.023{\mu}g/g$). The average daily intakes of the heavy metals by the fishes were as follows: Cd (0.81 ${\mu}g$), Cr (9.98 ${\mu}g$), Cu (36.63 ${\mu}g$), Mn (21.01 ${\mu}g$), Ni (3.93 ${\mu}g$), Pb (1.84 ${\mu}g$) and Zn (435.58 ${\mu}g$). The average weekly intakes of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by the fishes were 1.35%, 0.12%, 0.86%, and 0.73% respectively, as compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) established by FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Food Safety Evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.502-507
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• 2010

This study estimated the heavy metal contents of vegetables grown in Korea (n=234). The samples were digested using the microwave method. The contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn) were determined using inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). The average values of heavy metals in vegetables were as follows [mean (minimum-maximum), mg/kg)]; Pb 0.0026 (ND-0.0313), Cd 0.0017 (ND-0.0280), As 0.0005 (ND-0.0332), Cr 0.0156 (0.0010-0.1798), Cu 0.3767 (0.0556-1.3980), Mn 3.0214 (0.0182-26.4100), and Zn 3.5796 (0.8300-14.4600). The heavy metal contents of vegetables available on the domestic market were almost the same as or lower than those reported in other studies. Further, the weekly average intake of heavy metals was lower than the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) or the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (PMTDI), which was established by the FAO/WHO. Our results can be utilized as a reference to establish specific standards for various vegetables in Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.537-549
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• 2007

The characteristics of the mineralization and geology in the northern Mt. Taebaek mining district are found to be similar with those reported from Nevada district where the Carlin-type gold deposit occurs characteristically as repeated metallic ore deposits in space and time. Though two spots of hs and several spots of Sb anomalies were recognized in the Yeongweol area, they have no relationship with any metalliferous mineralization. On the other hand, two spots of As anomaly in the Jeongseon area have shown to be related with metalliferous ore deposits (mainly Ag-Au), and they are closely associated with Sb anomaly. Some elements of altered limestones in the study such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mo area are closely associated together, and are more enriched in the Jeongseon area than in the Yeongweol area. In particular, Sb and As which may reflect the occurrence of the Carlin-type gold deposit are highly enriched. However, the base metals such af Zn and Pb are highly variable according to samples. The patterns of the enrichment factor for Sb and As, as well as those for Ag and Au, are very similar with those reported from the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada. These similarities in elemental distribution may imply that hydrothermal ore mineralization in the study areas was possibly originated from a fluid with the characteristics of the Carlin-type gold mineralization found in Nevada, China, and Indonesia. However, the pattern of base metals and Mo are different. This may result from different chemistry and/or mineralogy of host rock in the study areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2014

As increasing concerns about potential risks and hazards in children's products, the laws and regulations for heavy metals and phthalate retardants contained in the children's products have been reinforced in many countries. Especially, in Korea, environment and health laws and regulations for children's products was declared in 2009. This study was researched in terms of contents and migration of phthalates and heavy metals in 124 children's products sold in the Korean market. The results for contents of heavy metals showed that 123 products contained different 14 heavy metals depending on kinds of products. As the results of migration by sucking, the heavy metals in the products such as black, plastic dolls, wood toys, and bottom mat for swimming were transferred into extraction solution. Ba, Cu, Zn, and Sn were transferred from most of these products into the extraction solution and Co, Ni and Pb were additionally transferred into several products. As the results of migration through a skin, while Ba, Cu, and Zn were transferred from most products containing the heavy metals, as for accessories, Cr, Ba, Ni, Zn, and Cu were migrated. The results of contents of phthalates presented that 21 products contained DBP, DEHP and DINP. Only 2 products showed the migration of DEHP by sucking. DEHP in most products were transferred and DBP for 2 products and DINP for 7 products were migrated.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-50
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• 2003

Physicochemical Properties of acid mine water of the Chonam-ri Creek and the Sagok-ri Creek in the Kwangyang Au-Ag mine area were determined using geochemical approaches. Metal contamination (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) is more serious in the Chonam-ri Creek than in the Sagok-ri Creek. However, the contents of Al and Fe is higher in the Sagok-ri Creek. Such differences between the two creeks probably reflect the abundance and composition of ore minerals. The attenuation processes for acid mine water in both creeks were investigated. In the Chonam-ri Creek, a small retention pond which contains limestone plays an important role in the removal of heavy metals by adsorption or coprecipitation due to increase of pH. The capacity of metal scavenging in this pond depends on the seasonal variation of inflow volume. Reddish yellow precipitates sampled in the Chonam-ri Creek were analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDS, EPMA, and chemical decomposition. The precipitates mainly consist of goethite and are also enriched in Al, Mn, Cu and Zn. This inditates that precipitation of goethite is important for scavenging those trace elements, possibly due to adsorption or coprecipitation. In the Sagok-ri Creek, on the other hand, hydrologic mixing of uncontaminated tributaries results in removal of heavy metals with iron hydroxides precipitation due to the pH increase. The mechanisms proposed for metal attenuation at the confluence between contaminated mine water and uncontaminated tributary water are also explained by the property-property plots.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1988

To investigate the effects of paper sludge on the growth response of paddy rice, paper sludge was applied to pots at the rate of either 300, 600, 900 or 1,200 kg/l0a which was either preadjusted at a C/N ratio of 30 : 1 or not adjusted. The effects were compared with those of the control. 1. Plant heights, number of tillers and dry weight were significantly reduced with the increasing application of paper sludge in the early stages of rice growth, whereas opposite results were observed after the heading stage when treated with C/N ratio preadjusted paper sludge. 2. The uptake of $N,P_2O_5,K_2O$ and $SiO_2$ by rice plants grown in paper sludge treated soil was significantly reduced in the early stages of rice growth. Conversely, uptake was enhanced in the C/N ratio preadjusted plot in the young panicle formation stage. 3. Zn, Cu and Cd content in rice straw was in the range of $39{\sim}101$, $0{\sim}0.11$ and $0.03{\sim}0.14ppm$, respectively, and Pb and Cr in rice straw were not detected at all. However, there was no difference in the content of all these heavy metals in rice straw irrespective of treatment.