• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유성

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Competitive Adsorption of Multi-species of Heavy Metals onto Sandy Clay Loam and Clay Soils (사질식양토와 식토에서 중금속 이온의 다중 경쟁 흡착)

  • Chung, Doug Y.;Noh, Hyun-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.238-246
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    • 2005
  • We conducted this investigation to observe competitive adsorption phenomena among the heavy metals onto the available sorption sites of soil particle surfaces in sandy clay loam and clay soil collected from Nonsan city, Chungnam and Yoosung, Daejeon in Korea, respectively. Polluted and contaminated soils can often contain more than one heavy metal species, resulting in competition for available sorption sites among heavy metals in soils due to complex competitive ion exchange and specific sorption mechanism. And the adsorption characteristics of the heavy metals were reported that the selectivity for the sorption sites was closely related with electropotential and electro negativity carried by the heavy metals. The heavy metals were treated as single, binary and ternary systems as bulk solution phase. Adsorption in multi-element system was different from single-element system as Cr, Pb and Cd. The adsorption isotherms showed the adsorption was increased with increasing equilibrium concentrations. For binary and ternary systems, the amount of adsorption at the same equilibrium concentration was influenced by the concentration of individual ionic species and valence carried by the respective heavy metal. Also we found that the adsorption isotherms of Cd and Pb selected in this experiment were closely related with electronegativity and ionic potential regardless number of heavy metals in solution, while the adsorption of Cr carried higher valance and lower electro negativity than Cd and Pb was higher than those of Cd and Pb, indicating that adsorption of Cr was influenced by ionic potential than by electronegativity. Therefore adsorption in multi-element system could be influenced by electronegativity and ionic potential and valance for the same valance metals and different valance, respectively. But it still needs further investigation with respect to ionic strength and activity in multi-element system to verify sorption characteristics and reaction processes of Cr, especially for ternary system in soils.

Characterization of Weed Occurrence in Garlic and Red Pepper Fields (마늘 및 고추 경작지(耕作地)에서의 잡초발생(雜草發生) 특성(特性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Woo, I.S.;Pyon, J.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1988
  • In order to get basic information for establishing weed control methods, weed distribution was surveyed at 15 days interval in garlic and red pepper fields at 8 locations in Chungnam Province. In garlic fields, 68 weed species(27 families) were distributed. Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium album and Digitana sanguinalis were most dominant and Equisetum arvense, Alopecurus aequalis, and Setaria viridis dominant among them. Highest number of weeds emerged in May and dry weight or weeds was more heavy in June and summer broadleaf weeds were most abundant throughout garlic growing period. In red pepper fields, 38 weed species(17 families) were distributed, D. sanguinalis, Cyperus amuricus and P. oleracea were most dominant and Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine indica, D. violascens, and Centipeda minima also dominant among them. The highest number of weeds were emerged in June and summer, grasses and summer broadleaf weeds were more abundant in June and July. Seasonal Shannon's diversity index(H'), maximum diversity(Hmax') and eveness(J') for the Shannon diversity index, and Simpson index were high in both red pepper and garlic fields. Interspecific competition(probability for interspecific encounter) was more severe than intraspecific competiton.

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Characterization of the Neurospora crassa rcm-1 Mutants (Neurospora crassa rcm-1 돌연변이체의 특성)

  • Kim Sang-Rae;Lee Bheong-Uk
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.246-254
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    • 2005
  • Analysis of the complete genome of Neurospora crassa reveals that at least 19 proteins contain tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. One of them shows over $60\%$ homology to Ssn6 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a universal repressor that mediates repression of genes involved in various cellular processes. Mutant strains generated by RIP (repeat-induced point mutation) process showed four distinctive vegetative growth patterns and slow growth in various rates. Firstly, a mutant showed denser mycelial growth, yellow, csp, and looked like ropy mutant. Secondly, slower growth, dense mycelial, and conidial phenotype. Thirdly, extremely slower growth and aconidial. And finally, flat, tittle aerial hyphae, acon, and similar with a rco-1 RIP mutant. They are all male-fertile, yet female-sterile and produced little or no perithecium. It seems that various phenotypes were occurred depending upon mostly likely, the degree of RIP. These results indicate that this gene may be involved in several cellular possess during vegetative growth, and asexual and sexual development. Therefore it is pleiotropic. Sequence analysis of cDNA shows that it encodes a putative 102 kDa protein composed of 917 amino acids, and has six introns. It is designated rcm-1 (regulation of conidiation and morphology).

Effect of Temperature and Nutrition Affecting Oospore Formation of Phytophthora capsici Causing Red Pepper Fruit Rot (고추 역병균(疫病菌) (Phytophthora capsici)의 난포자(卵胞子) 형성(形成)에 미치는 온도(溫度) 및 영양(營養)의 효과(效果))

  • Chung, Bong-Koo;Kang, Me-Jong
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 1990
  • Sexual reproductive structure of Phytophthora capsici in vitro was round shape with thick wall and $24.4\;{\mu}m$ of diameter ranging $20-32.5\;{\mu}m$. Oogonium was $26.7\;{\mu}m$ $(21-37.5\;{\mu}m$) and $6.5-{\times}5.4m$ $(6-8{\times}5-6{\mu}m)$ for antheridium as doughnut shaped. Since mycelial contact of the paired cultures initiated right after inoculation, mycelial expansion phase was followed. Oospore morphogensis could be divided into the four phases for reproducing adult oospores. The optimum temperature for oospore reproduction was $20-24^{\circ}C$, whereas a retard trend for oospore formation was at the temperature above $25^{\circ}C$. Korean squash agar medium showed a higher oospore formation than the existing V-8 agar medium. Red pepper fruit agar medium was next. No oospore was reproduced on the red pepper leaf medium. Diurnal light with $1800{\pm}300$ and $800{\pm}300$ Lux showed rather retardation for oospore formation than dark conditions.

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Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Plant Regeration of Farfugium japonica (털머위 (Farfugium japonica)의 캘러스 유도 및 식물체 분화에 미치는 생장조절제의 영향)

  • Lee, Seung-Yeob;Yoo, Sung-Oh;Bae, Jong-Hyang;Lee, Joong-Ho
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2002
  • The leaf and petiole segments of Farfugium japonica were cultured to investigate the influence of growth regulators on their callus induction and plant regeneration. The callus induction and growth showed a good response both leaf and petiole on MS media supplemented with 1∼2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1∼2 mg/L BA. Callus induction and growth were more effective in petiole segments than leaf one. The highest percentage of plant regeneration was obtained from 60-day-old calli on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L BA. When subcultured to the same medium for about 60 days, multiple shoots were developed from regenerating callus. The shoots produced roots after transferring to rooting medium containing 0.5 mg/L IAA. The plantlets over 50 mm in height were successfully acclimatized in vermiculite, and the survival rate was over 95%.

GIS spatial D/B formation of geothermal data and Distribution of Heat Flow of Korea (한국의 지열자료 GIS 공간 D/B 구축과 지열류량 분포)

  • Kim, Hyoung-Chan;Lee, Young-Min;Park, Jeong-Min
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.459-460
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    • 2006
  • 현재 남한의 지열류량 측정값으로는 총 363개 지점의 자료가 측정 및 수집되어 있다. 이것은 Mizutani et at. (1970), 장정진 외(1970), 그리고 서정희(1976) 등의 자료, 총 35개의 자료도 추가된 것이다. 1989년 이후부터 측정된 지열류량 자료는 217개 자료이며(임정웅 외, 1989; 임정웅 외, 1996; Lim and Kim, 1997; 염병우 외, 1997), 모두 직접 측정한 것이나, 1989년 이후 보고된 지열류량 자료에 약간의 오류가 있어 이번 연구에서 수정 보완하였다. 또한 과거의 자료 35개 자료는 이미 지열류량 측정치가 논문화 되어 있는 것으로 암석시료는 없다 1989년 이후 2004년까지 자료 217개 2005년도 추가 자료 111개의 지열류량 자료는 암석시료도 있으며, 측정기기가 서로 달라 오차가 있을 수 있어 서로 보정을 해야 할 필요가 있어 시추공 주변 암석을 새로 수집해서 신장비로 다시 측정 보정하였다. 지열류량 D/B 구축은 각 자료의 일련번호, 고유번호 (Sn.), 위경도 좌표 (longitude, lattitude), 암석의 열전도도(thermal conductivity), 지온경사 (thermal gradient), 지열류량 (heat flow)등으로 구성되어 있다. 지열류량 자료 공간 데이터베이스는 점 속성을 가지며 자료형태는 각종 소프트웨어와 호환성이 좋은 shape 파일 형태로 작성하였다. 또만 최근 천부 토양 및 암석 열물성을 이용한 냉난방시스템 즉, Heat Pump System 설계를 위하여 반드시 들어가야 하는 요소인 열확산율, 공극율, 밀도, 비열 등 열물성 특성을 추가하여 GIS 공간 D/B구축하였다. 대륙붕 자료 4개 자료를 제외하고 359개의 지열류량 자료를 이용하여 한반도 남부, 즉 남한의 지열류량 분포도를 작성 분석해 본 결과(그림 1), 우리나라의 지열류량 이상대는 아산만 주변, 보령, 유성, 진안, 울진, 포항, 부산 지역과 포천, 속초, 충주, 수안보 등 지역에서 나타난다 이러한 이상대 주변에는 대개 온천이 발달되어 있었거나 새로 개발되어 있는 곳이다. 온천에 이용하고 있는 시추공의 자료는 배제하였으나 온천이응으로 직접적으로 영향을 받지 않은 시추공의 자료는 사용하였다 이러한 온천 주변 지역이라 하더라도 실제는 온천의 pumping 으로 인한 대류현상으로 주변 일대의 온도를 올려놓았기 때문에 비교적 높은 지열류량 값을 보인다. 한편 한반도 남동부 일대는 이번 추가된 자료에 의해 새로운 지열류량 분포 변화가 나타났다 강원 북부 오색온천지역 부근에서 높은 지열류량 분포를 보이며 또한 우리나라 대단층 중의 하나인 양산단층과 같은 방향으로 발달한 밀양단층, 모량단층, 동래단층 등 주변부로 NNE-SSW 방향의 지열류량 이상대가 발달한다. 이것으로 볼 때 지열류량은 지질구조와 무관하지 않음을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 이러한 단층대 주변은 지열수의 순환이 깊은 심도까지 가능하므로 이러한 대류현상으로 지표부근까지 높은 지온 전달이 되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.

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Composition of Corn Taffy Residue and Its Dietary Effects on Milk Production and Composition of Holstein Cows (엿밥의 조성 및 산유량과 유성분 조성에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Si-Yong;Kang, Chang-Won;Ahn, Gyu-Chul;Lee, Gang-Yeon;Lee, Jung-Il;Kim, Jeong-Hoon;Park, Keun-Kyu
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.512-517
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to the evaluate nutritional value of corn taffy residue (CTR), a by-product from Korean traditional taffy, and to investigate the dietary effect of CTR on the yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. Relatively high concentrations of residual enzymes and sugars were found in CTR. Protein and fat concentrations were high, comparable to those of corn gluten meal. Inclusion of 1, 3, and 6% CTR in total mixed rations yielded more milk (p<0.05) than in the control group, and increased milk fat (p<0.05) in high-producing cows (approximately 30 kg). In low-producing cows, (approximately 20 kg), milk yield was increased by 1 and 6% CTR, and milk protein was enhanced by 3% CTR (p<0.05). Based on these results, utilization of CTR is recommended for production of high quality and economical animal products.

Separation and Purification of Antioxidant Activity Acidic Polysaccharide from Red Ginseng Marc (홍삼박으로부터 항산화 활성 산성다당체 분리 정제 및 구조 분석)

  • Ha, Yoo Jin;Kim, Seul Ki;Yoo, Seong Eui;Yoo, Sun Kyun
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.915-923
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    • 2017
  • The by-products of red ginseng marc showing the improvement of health has been strongly studied because of the expectation of possibility to be used as the functional foods. This research was to investigate the extraction, separation, isolation, and evaluation of crude acidic polysaccharides related to antioxidant activity, sequently chemical structure of those products was evaluated by FT-IR and NMR. Compared with other solvents such as ethanol, methanol, propanol, acetone, and butanol, ethanol was selected. The concentration of red ginseng solution for extraction was selected as 10%(w/v) related to extraction yield(11.95%) and amount(11.8 mg/ml). In the ion exchange chromatography, aidic polysaccharides showing the highest antioxidant activity was obtained when eluted by distilled water. As results of structural analysis by FT-IR and NMR, peaks corresponding to C-O, C-O-O-, C-H, anomeric C-6, and repeated C-1 and C-6 linkages was to be presumed to be ($1{\rightarrow}6$) glycosidic linkage with the typical acidic polysaccharide.

Effects of PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) on Energy Budget in Mysid, Neomysis awatschensis I. Acute and Chronic Effects of PCBs on Mysid, Neomysis awatschensis (곤쟁이, Neomysis awatschensis의 에너지수지에 미치는 PCBs의 영향 I. 곤쟁이에 미치는 PCBs의 급성 및 만성영향)

  • CHIN Pyung;SHIN Yun-Kyung;JEON Eun-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 1998
  • Acute and chronic responses to PCB toxicity of Neomysis awatschensis were studied by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion with concentrations of PCB at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. 96 hr.-$LC_50$ at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ were 28.7492 pub and 10.6742 pub, respectively. Survival rates during 60 days exposured to chronic PCB concentrations of 0.5 pub, 1.0 pub, 1.5 pub and 2,0 pub at $10^{\circ}C$ were $85\%,\;80\%,\;75\%$ and $75\%$, respectively and suwival rates at $20^{\circ}C$ $85\%,\;75\%,\;75\%$ and $65\%$, respectively. Average daily growth rate of N. awatschensis exposed to chronic PCB concentrations at $10^{\circ}C$ were 0.039 mm/day in control group and 0.036 mm/day at concentration of 2.0 ppb, while their rates at $20^{\circ}C$ showed 0.072 mm/day in central group and 0.039 mm/day at 2,0 ppb. The growth factors were some similarities between the chronic PCB concentrations, but intermolt periods were related to body size of mysids, temperature and PCB toxicity. Changes in oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion rates during 60 days exposure to PCB toxicity showed higher in high groups of PCB concentrations. Assimilation and feeding rates of N. awatschensis fed Artemia sp. decreased with increase of PCB concentration at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$.

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Effects of PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) on Energy Budget in Mysid, Neomysis awatschensis II. Effects of PCBs on Energy Budget in Mysid, Neomysis awatschensis (곤쟁이, Neomysis awatschensis의 에너지수지에 미치는 PCBs의 영향 II. 에너지수지에 미치는 PCBs의 영향)

  • CHIN Pyung;SHIN Yun-Kyung;JEON Eun-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.104-108
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    • 1998
  • Analysis of energy budget in Neomysis awatschensis exposed to PCB toxicity was carried out by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. Energy contents of the body, molted exoskeleton and eggs, which measured to understand used energy for growth, molt and oxygen consumption were 5.52cal/mg, 2.17 cal/mg and 6.15 cal/mg, respectively. Feeding energies at $10^{\circ}C$ were 3.755ca1 in control group and 3.420 cal at 2.0 ppb concentration, of them, $70.19\%$ and $67.53\%$ of their energies were assimilated. At $20^{\circ}C$, feeding energies were 5.998 cal in control group and 4.166 cal at 2.0 ppb concentration. The assimilation efficiency of the mysid estimated by ash-ratio method ranged between $11.5\~67.5\%$ and $73.4\~70.5\%$ with PCB toxicity at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ respectively. Energy used by respiration of total assimilated energy was $45.18\%$ in control group and $62.27\%$ in 2.0 pub concentration at $20^{\circ}C$, and energy used by metabolism was high 2.0 ppb concentration than control group.

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