• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2006

목적 : 본 연구는 암환자 및 암의 유형에 따라 중요한 종양억제 조절인자로 알려져 있는 모노카인을 flowcytometry를 이용하여 분석, 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구대상은 고형종양(solid tumor)으로 진단받은 33세에서 76세 사이의 암환자 30명(유방암, 난소암, 폐암, 위암)을 대상으로 말초혈액 단구의 intracellular monokine 중 $TNF{\alpha}$, MIG, MIP를 분석한 유사실험설계 연구이다. 연구결과 : 암환자 군에서의 $TNF{\alpha}$, MIG, MIP 수치는 대조 군인 정상 군에 비해서 유의하게 증가되었으며 특히, 유방암과 난소암 환자 군에서의 $TNF{\alpha}$ 수치는 폐암과 위암의 대상자에 비해 의미 있는 차이를 보여주었다. 논의 : 본 연구에서 제시된 암환자 군에서의 모노카인 수치는 선행연구의 결과와 통일하게 종양 대상자의 면역에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 규명 되었으나, $TNF{\alpha}$는 고형종양 중에서도 여성생식기계 암환자 군에서 더 증가하였다. 이에 따라 종양 유형에 따른 모노카인의 역할과 호르몬과의 상호작용기전 규명에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2009

Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Among BRCA1- and BRCA2- mutation carriers, the average cumulative risks for ovarian cancer by age 70 years were 39% and 11%, respectively. There are other hereditary cancer syndromes such as Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer also confer a higher risk for developing ovarian cancer, but over 90% of all hereditary ovarian cancers are thought to be associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This report concerns a Korean woman diagnosed with ovarian cancer present with a family history of ovarian and various other cancers, in whom a germline BRCA1 mutation was identified and the same mutation was found in one of two daughters of her's. Since there could be more hereditary ovarian cancer patients in Korean than clinicians thought, both primary and secondary prevention of ovarian cancer based on family history and genetic information is important to reduce cancer incidence and mortality.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.337-343
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• 2014

Purpose : The aim of this study is to evaluate unwanted scattered dose to ovary by scattering and leakage generated from treatment fields of Tomotherapy for childbearing woman with breast cancer. Materials and Methods : The radiation treatments plans for left breast cancer were established using Tomotherapy planning system (Tomotherapy, Inc, USA). They were generated by using helical and direct Tomotherapy methods for comparison. The CT images for the planning were scanned with 2.5 mm slice thickness using anthropomorphic phantom (Alderson-Rando phantom, The Phantom Laboratory, USA). The measurement points for the ovary dose were determined at the points laterally 30 cm apart from mid-point of treatment field of the pelvis. The measurements were repeated five times and averaged using glass dosimeters (1.5 mm diameter and 12 mm of length) equipped with low-energy correction filter. The measures dose values were also converted to Organ Equivalent Dose (OED) by the linear exponential dose-response model. Results : Scattered doses of ovary which were measured based on two methods of Tomo helical and Tomo direct showed average of $64.94{\pm}0.84mGy$ and $37.64{\pm}1.20mGy$ in left ovary part and average of $64.38{\pm}1.85mGy$ and $32.96{\pm}1.11mGy$ in right ovary part. This showed when executing Tomotherapy, measured scattered dose of Tomo Helical method which has relatively greater monitor units (MUs) and longer irradiation time are approximately 1.8 times higher than Tomo direct method. Conclusion : Scattered dose of left and right ovary of childbearing women is lower than ICRP recommended does which is not seriously worried level against the infertility and secondary cancer occurrence. However, as breast cancer occurrence ages become younger in the future and radiation therapy using high-precision image guidance equipment like Tomotherapy is developed, clinical follow-up studies about the ovary dose of childbearing women patients would be more required.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were prognostic differences between BRCA related and BRCA non-related Korean patients with early-onset breast carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Sixty women who had developed breast cancers before the age of 40, and who were treated at the Soonchunhyang University Hospital, were studied independently of their family histories. The age range was 18 to 40 with a median of 34.5 years. Lymphocyte specimens from peripheral blood were studied for the heterozygous mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 using direct sequencing methods. Immunohistochemistry was peformed on the paraffin-embedded tissue blocks that were available. Results: Eleven deleterious mutations (18.3%, 6 in BRCA1 and 5 in BRCA2) and 7 missense mutations of unknown significance (11.7%), were found among the 60 patients. More than half of the mutation were novel, and were not reported in the database. Most of the BRCA-associated patients had no history of breast cancer. No treatment related failures were observed in the BRCA carriers, with the exception of one patient that had experienced a new primary tumor of the contralateral breast. The seven year relapse free survival rate were 50 and 79% In the BRCA carrier and BRCA negative patients, respectively. Although the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors were less common, and histological features more aggressive, in the BRCA associated tumors, the outcome of the patients with BRCA mutations was not poorer than that on the patients without deleterious mutations. Conclusion.: Despite the BRCA mutation carriers having adverse prognostic features, the recurrence rate was relatively lower than that in the BRCA non-carrying Korean patients wi4h early-onset breast carcinomas. In addition, although the prevalence of the BRCA mutation in Korean patients was higher than that in white patients, the penetrance of the cancer seemed to be relatively low in Korean women carrying BRCA mutations. A large population based study of the BRCA mutation, with a long-term follow-up of the study patients will be required to confirm these results.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2022

This study is a descriptive study to identify the factors affecting breast cancer screening behavior in women of childbearing age. The participants were 2,000 women between the ages of 19 and 40, and data collection was conducted through online and mobile surveys from September 2020 to August 2021. As a result of multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, age 20-29 (OR=2.145, CI=1.219-3.777), over 30 (OR=5.663, CI=2.784-11.521), annual income less than 10 million won (OR=1.606, CI=1.070-2.413), over 30 million won (OR=2.422, CI=1.550-3.785), family history of breast cancer (OR=2.421, CI=1.154-5.080), family history of ovarian cancer (OR=4.321, CI=1.382-13.516), subjective perception of health status was 'moderate' (OR=1.466, CI=1.064-2.020), and 'not healthy' (OR=1.854, CI=1.188-2.895) increased the breast cancer screening behavior. Therefore, based on this study, adequate policy should be adopted to strengthen the breast cancer screening behavior of young women of childbearing age.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.365-378
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• 2019

Purpose: The awareness of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and BRCA testing is increasing in Korea. Compared to the sizable research on HBOC knowledge among breast cancer women, studies in the ovarian cancer population are limited. This paper aimed to investigate the level of knowledge of hereditary ovarian cancer and anxiety in women diagnosed with serous ovarian cancer in Korea and determine differences in the knowledge and anxiety according to whether genetic testing was undertaken and whether BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations were present. Methods: Using a descriptive research design, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 women diagnosed with serous ovarian cancer at N hospital in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, from July to November 2018. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The hereditary ovarian cancer-related knowledge score was mid-level (mean score 8.90±3.29 out of a total of 17), as was the state anxiety level was mid-level (mean score 47.96±3.26 out of possible score range of 20-80). Genetic knowledge of hereditary ovarian cancer was associated with age, education, occupation, genetic counseling, and BRCA mutations. There were no statistically significant factors related to anxiety and there were no statistically significant correlations between knowledge level and anxiety. Conclusion: More comprehensive education on gene-related cancer is needed for ovarian cancer patients, especially for items with low knowledge scores. A genetic counseling protocol should be developed to allow more patients to alleviate their anxiety through genetic counseling.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.733-737
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• 2018

Cucurbitacin-I, a natural triterpenoid derived from Cucurbitaceae family plants, exhibits a number of potentially useful pharmacological and biological activities. Indeed, the previous study demonstrated that cucurbitacin-I reduced the proliferation of colon cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. CD44, a type I transmembrane protein with the function of adhering to cells, mediates between the extracellular matrix and other cells through hyaluronic acid. Recent studies have demonstrated that an overexpression of the CD44 membrane receptor results in tumor initiation and growth, specific behaviors of cancer stem cells, the development of drug resistance, and metastasis. The aim was to examine the effect of cucurbitacin-I on CD44 expression human ovarian cancer cells because the effect of cucurbitacin-I on CD44 expression has not been reported. The expressions of CD44 mRNA and protein were detected using a quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and a Western blot analysis, respectively. Treatment with cucurbitacin-I inhibited the expression of CD44 mRNA and protein. A subsequent analysis revealed that cucurbitacin-I blocked the phosphorylation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa-B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), which are key regulators of CD44 expression. Taken together, the data demonstrate that cucurbitacin-I regulates the AP-1 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways, leading to decreased CD44 expression.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

Purpose: Women with breast cancer diagnosed at an age of 40 years or younger have a greater prevalence of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations than the prevalence of women with breast cancer diagnosed at older ages. Several immunohistochemical characteristics have been identified in breast cancers from studies of Caucasian women with BRCA1/2 mutations having familial or early-onset breast cancers. The aim of this study is to determine whether early-onset breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, who were not selected from a family history, could be distinguished by the use of immunohistochemical methods and could be distinguished from breast cancer in women of a similar age without a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. We also analyzed the prognostic difference between BRCA1/2 related and BRCA1/2 non-related patients by the use of univariate and multivariate analysis. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer tissue specimens from Korean women with early-onset breast cancers were studied using a tumor tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR) and HER-2, as well as the histology and grade of these specimens, were compared. The prognostic impact of immunohistochemical and histological factors as well as the BRCA1/2 mutation status was investigated separately. Results: There were 14 cases and 16 deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations among 101 patients tested. A family history(4/14) and bilateral breast cancers(3/9) were high risk factors for BRCA1/2 mutations. BRCA1/2-associated cancers demonstrated more expression of ER-negative(19.4% versus 5.1%, p=0.038) and HER-2 negative than BRCA1/2 negative tumors, especially for tumors with BRCA1 tumors The BRCA1/2 mutation rate for patients with triple negative tumors(negative expression of ER, PR and HER-2) was 24.2%. Tumor size, nodal status, and HER-2 expression status were significantly associated with disease free survival, as determined by univariate and multivariate analysis, but the BRCA1/2 status was not a prognostic factor. Conclusion: Breast cancer that occurs in women with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have recognizable immunohistochemical features, which may be useful in identifying individuals that are more likely to carry germline mutations. Although the BRCA1/2 mutation status was not a prognostic factor in Korean women with early-onset breast cancer, more cases with a longer follow-up period are needed for further study.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2024

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 유방암 세포(MCF-7) 이식 누드 마우스 모델을 이용하여 육종용 열수 추출물의 면역활성 효과를 통한 항암 활성을 체계적으로 평가하는 것이다. 육종용 열수 추출물은 유방암 치료제로 자주 사용되는 대표적인 경구용 항암제인 tamoxifen 경구 투여군과 비교하여 분석 연구하였다. 방 법: 총 110마리의 6주령 암컷 누드 마우스를 준비하여, 7일간 적응 후 체중이 일정한 마우스를 선정하여 우측 둔부 피하부위에 MCF-7 세포를 이식하였다. 종양세포 이식을 한 지 20일 후, 종양 크기 및 체중을 기준으로 그룹 당 8마리씩 본 실험에 사용하였다. MCF-7 이종 이식 21일 후부터 매일 1회씩 35일간 육종용 열수 추출물을 10 ml/kg의 용량(400, 200 및 100 mg/kg)으로 경구 투여하였으며, tamoxifen 역시 10 ml/kg의 용량(20 mg/kg)으로 경구 투여하였고, 정상 및 종양 이식 매체 대조군에서는 멸균증류수만 종양 이식 21일 후부터 동일한 방법으로 35일간 경구 투여 하였다. 결 과: 본 실험의 결과, MCF-7 세포 이식을 함으로써 현저한 비장 및 하악하 림프절 무게, 혈중 IFN-γ의 함량, IL-1β 및 IL-10의 함량, 비장내 TNF-α, 비장세포 및 복강 대식구의 활성의 감소가 관찰되었고, 비장 및 하악하 림프절의 림프구 감소에 의한 조직병리학적 위축 또한 관찰되었다. 그리고 체중 및 증체량의 감소 역시 관찰되었으며, 혈중 IL-6 함량의 증가, 난소 주위의 지방 무게의 감소 및 조직병리학적으로 난소 주위의 축적 지방 조직 위축 현상이 인정되어, 종양 이식 후에 전형적인 종양과 관련된 면역억제와 악액질 현상이 유발된 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 육종용 열수 추출물 400, 200 및 100 mg/kg 경구 투여군에서는 종양 이식 대조군에 비해 유의성 있는 현저한 항암활성이 투여 용량 의존적으로 관찰되었다. 또한 tamoxifen 20 mg/kg 경구 투여군에서는 종양 관련 악액질 소견이 오히려 악화되는 반면, 육종용 열수 추출물 경구 투여군에서는 면역활성 및 악액질 억제 효과가 관찰되었다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과, 육종용 열수 추출물의 적절한 경구 투여는 심각한 부작용 없이, 종양 관련 악액질 소견을 포함하여, 효과적인 유방암 치료 수단을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.802-808
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• 2005

Human Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a candidate tumor suppressor gone that regulates cell growth by c-Fos suppression in normal cells. In many cancer cells, Dab2 expression is lost or greatly diminished in $\∼85\%$ of the breast and ovarian cancers. In this study, we have examined the methylation status of CpG island on Dab2 gene promoter using bisulfite-assisted genomic sequencing and methylation specific PCR (MSP) method in human breast cancer cell line, MDA MB-231 cells. In normal human uterus endometrial cells, Dab2 was completely unmethylated. In contrast, Dab2 was methylated on CpG dinucleotides near the TATA_ box in MDA MB-231 cells. following MDA MB-231 cells by treatment with 5-azacytidine, Dab2 gene were demethylated and reexpressed. Result of this study suggested that silencing of Dab2 gene is correlated to CpG island methylation in human breast cancer cell line, MBA MD-231 cells.