• The monthly packaging world
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• s.162
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• pp.92-95
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.144-147
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• 2008

A glass bulb is the most reliable and simplest device for a fire sprinkler head system. We had developed an accurate glass bulb. The glass bulb is composed with a glass ampoule, liquid filled within the ampoule and an air bubble in the liquid. The first step of the development was to establish a stable mass production system for uniform glass ampoule. The second step is to optimize the composition of the liquid and the size of the bubble. It was also a difficult problem to devise manufacturing process to form uniform bubble size. The final step for the development is to control the mechanics for glass breaking by surface treatment for the glass bulb.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine how medication contamination in a single-dose glass ampule is affected by minute glass flakes generated in different methods of cutting the ampule. Method: Sixty medication-containing glass ampules were randomly assigned to two groups. The number of glass flakes, resulting from two different cutting methods (with cotton and without cotton), were counted under the microscope. Contamination was evaluated by extracted the medication with a syringe and culturing it in E. coli, coliform, and aerobic bacteria culture media. Result: Fewer glass flakes were found in the ampules when the ampule was cut with cotton. The use of cotton, however, did not significantly change the degree of drug contamination. Conclusion: Although minute glass flakes generated in the ampule cutting operation did not significantly contaminate the medication and the use of cotton decreased the number of glass flakes in the ampules, glass flakes injected into the blood and tissues of the patient remain a risk factor. Therefore, pre-filled syringes or syringes with filters would be alternative methods and safeguards against the possible injection of glass flakes generated while cutting the ampule.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing glass particle contamination in single dose glass ampules upon opening. Method: The study was single case experimental design. Different methods of opening ampule (hand, wooden stick), different sizes of ampules(1cc, 2cc) and different sizes of needles(17gauge, 23gauge, $5{\mu}m$ filter) were evaluated. Eighteen ampules were randomly assigned in each group. The number of glass ampule particles ${\ge}10{\mu}m$ was counted by microscope. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of particles aspirated by opening methods. But number of glass particles was much lower when using 1cc ampules rather than 2cc ampules and was also much lower when using smaller size needles and needles which include a $5{\mu}m$ filter rather than larger size of needles. Conclusion: We suggest that larger bore or unfiltered needles increase the risk of aspirating more glass particles than smaller bore or filter needles. In addition, these data show that a wooden stick can be used as a method opening glass ampules.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a finger guard developed to prevent sharp injuries in nursing students. Methods: This study was an equivalent control group posttest design. Seventy nursing students were randomly allocated to either the experimental group (n= 35) or the control group (n= 35). The finger guard was used whileopening the glass ampoule in the experimental group. The outcome variables such as sharp injuries, anxiety and user satisfaction were measured. Results: Sharp injuries were 0 in the experimental group and 2 in the control group (p= .160). Anxiety in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p< .001). User satisfaction was 4.33 score in the range from 1 to 5, the highest item was the weight (4.63), followed by effectiveness (4.51). Conclusion: Using a protective device while opening the glass ampoule was observed to be effective in reducing anxiety among the nursing students, and exhibited protection of skin.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.152
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• pp.162-175
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• 2005

김인중 사장, 인쇄화상전공 강연/ 사내 Groupware 오픈/ 은나노 식품용 포장용지 출시/ 일본 김치 시장 진출/ 롯데칠성음료 중국 진출 확대/ 제일약품, 타제품 디자인 모방 물의/ 동진에프엠티 투명증착필름 개발/ 포장 유사시 혼동없으면 사용 가능/ 국내업체, 북미 소형포장 진출 유리/ 2003년 국가물류비 90조원 돌파/ 앰플‘화장품 용기' 인기몰이/ 롯데제과 수험생 초콜릿등 6종 출시/ 기능성 발효유 가격 상승/ 폐지로 만든 포장끈 개발/

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

Background: Although treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax by video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) has generally shown better clinical results than conventional thoracotomy, treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax by midaxillary thoracotomy(MAXT) has also shown good clinical results. The author studied to compare the clinical results of MAXT group I and VATS group II. Material and Method : Group I included 30 midaxillary thoracotomy among 83 operative cases of spontaneous pneumothorax from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1993. Group II included 30 VATS among 101 operative cases of pneumothorax from Jan. 1994 to Aug. 1995. The author selected the 30 patients, age 18 to 25 years, with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in each group. The author analyzed the operative indication, gender, operating time, amounts of the used staplers, tube drainage, total amounts of analgesics used during postoperative 24hr, tube stay time, postoperative complications and mortality. Result: The follow-up periods of both procedures were from 6 to 43 months. The operating time from start of skin incision to end of skin closure was 84.79${\pm}$21.70(from 40 to 150) minutes in MAXT group I and 108.8${\pm}$42.02(from 58 to 120) minutes in VATS group II(P<0.001). The numbers of the used staples useo was 1.31${\pm}$0.6(from 0 to 3) in group I and 3.41${\pm}$2.37(from 0 to 11) in group II. The amounts of postoperative 24hour tube drainage were 220.76${\pm}$106.73(from 65 to 400) ml in group I and 260.63${\pm}$233.18(from 70 to 320) in group II(P>0.05). The amounts of postoperative 24 hourly used analgesics(Tarasyn ) was 1.38${\pm}$1.32(from 0 to 5) amples in group I and 0.72${\pm}$1.02(from 0 to 4) amples in group II (P<0.05). The postoperative tube stay is 5.45${\pm}$30.9 (from 3 to 7) days in group I and 4.75${\pm}$3.1(9 from 2 to 14) days in group II(P>0.05). The number of complications after operations was 2 cases of prolonged air leakage in group I, and in group II. (P is not significant). The number of recurrence after the operation was one in group I and also one in group II(P is not significant). In conclusion, there were no statistical differences in the postoperative 24 hour chest tube drainage, days of postoperative tube stay, postoperative complications and recurrence in the analysis between group I and group II. Conclusion: The author found that group II of VATS between 18 years and 25 years of age in recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, statistically, requires longer operative time, more number of autosuture staples and less postoperative analgesic dosage than the midaxillary thoracotomy group I.