• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유동상 담체

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Nitrogen Removal in Fluidized Bed and Hybrid Reactor using Porous Media (다공성 담체를 이용한 유동상 및 하이브리드 반응기에서의 질소제거)

  • Jun, Byong-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.542-548
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    • 2005
  • A fluidized bed reactor containing porous media has been known to be effective for nitrogen and organic matters removal in wastewater. The porous media which attached microbes plays important roles in simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) due to coexistence of oxic, anaerobic and anoxic zone. For SND reaction, oxygen and organic substrates should be effectively diffused from wastewater into the intra-carrier zone. However, the overgrowth heterotrophic microbes at the surface of porous media may restrict from substrates diffusion. From these viewpoints, the existence and effect of heterotrophic bacteria at surface of porous media might be the key point for nitrogen removal. A porous media-membrane hybrid process was found to have improved nitrogen removal efficiency, due to stimulated denitrification as well as nitrification. Microelectrode studies revealed that although intra-media denitrification rate in a conventional fluidized bed was limited by organic carbon, this limitation was reduced in the hybrid process, resulting in the increased denitrification rate from 0.5 to $4.2\; mgNO_3-N/L/hr$.

The Removal of Organics, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Loop Reactor Using Fluidized Media (유동상 담체를 이용한 Loop Reactor에서 유기물 및 질소, 인 제거)

  • Seon, Yong-Ho
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2009
  • This study was accomplished using Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic upflow packed-bed column reactors with fixed media and Loop Reactor with fluidized media instead of Oxic reactor. The objectives of this study was to investigate the characteristics of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage with the HRT. The average removal efficiencies of $BOD_5$ and SS increase as increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) until 16 h of the HRT, and they were constant over 16 h of the HRT. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$ in case of packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was about 86.6% and 90.9% respectively at 16 h of the HRT. The removal efficiency of SS in packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was about 78.0% and 88.2% respectively at 16 h of the HRT. The average removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$ and $COD_{Mn}$ showed similar trends as those of $BOD_5$ and SS. At the HRT of 16 h, the removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ in case of packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was 63.5%, 75.2% and that of $COD_{Mn}$ was 60.7%, 73.6% respectively. The average removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P increase as increasing the HRT. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P in Loop Reactor were 33.6% and 54.5% respectively at 16 h of the HRT and T-N and T-P were better removed in Loop Reactor. From this result, it was found that the performance of Loop Reactor was much higher than the performance of packed-bed reactor and the optimum HRT was 16 h.

Refractory Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Cell-Immobilized Polyethylene glycol Media (PEG 포괄고정화담체를 이용한 난분해성 염색폐수 처리)

  • Han, Duk-Gyu;Cho, Young-Jin;Bae, Woo-Keun;Hwang, Byung-Ho;Lee, Yong-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.345-350
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    • 2006
  • This study investigated the removal of recalcitrant organics in dyeing wastewater using a fluidized bed reactor(FBR) that contained cell-immobilized pellets. The pellets were manufactured and condensing the gel phase by mixing PEG-polymer and cells to form micro-porous PEG-polymer pellets whose size were ${\Phi}\;4mm{\times}H\;4mm$ on average. An industrial activated sludge without any pre-adaptation was used for the cell immobilization because it gave an equivalent removal efficiency to a pre-adapted sludges. The feed was obtained from an effluent of a biological treatment plant, which contained $SCOD_{Cr}$ of 330 mg/L and $SBOD_5$ of 20 mg/L. The $SCOD_{Cr}$ removal efficiency was over 45% and the effluent $COD_{Mn}$ concentration was less than 100 mg/L at HRTs from 6 to 24 hrs. The optimum HRT in the FBR was determined as 12 hrs considering the removal efficiency and cost. When a raw wastewater containing 768 mg/L of $COD_{Cr}$ was fed to the FBR, the effluent $COD_{Cr}$ concentration increased only slightly, giving a 70% of $COD_{Cr}$ removal or a 97% of $BCOD_5$ removal. This indicated that the FBR had an excellent capability of biodegradable organics removal also. In conclusion, the FBR could be applied to textile wastewater treatment in place of an activated sludge process.

Effect of Temperature on the Nitrogen Removal of Municipal Wastewater in a Pilot-scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor with Waste-tire Media (폐타이어 담체를 이용한 파일럿 규모 유동상 생물막 공정에서 하수의 질소제거에 미치는 온도 영향)

  • Park, Woon-Ji;Ahn, Johng-Hwa;Lee, Chan-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.507-516
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    • 2008
  • This research was conducted to elucidate the effect of temperature on the nitrogen removal of municipal wastewater with waste-tire media. The experiments were carried out in laboratory-scale batch reactor and pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactor filled at a 0.15 filling ratio with waste-tire media, respectively. In batch tests, specific nitrification rate(SNR) with media was 3.4 mg NH$_4^+$-N/g Mixed-Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid(MLVSS)$\cdot$hr, compared with 1.7 mg NH$_4^+$-N/g MLVSS$\cdot$hr without media. In pilot-scale test with media, total nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 53 $\pm$ 8% to 76 $\pm$ 5% as the temperature increased from 9$\sim$10$^{\circ}C$ to 20$\sim$24$^{\circ}C$. At the temperature of 9$\sim$10$^{\circ}C$, 10$\sim$20$^{\circ}C$, and 20$\sim$24$^{\circ}C$, the SNRs were 0.8 $\pm$ 0.5, 3.1 $\pm$ 1.9, and 3.4 $\pm$ 2.1 mg NH$_4^+$-N/g MLVSS$\cdot$hr and the specific denitrification rates(SDNR) were 0.6 $\pm$ 0.2, 1.1 $\pm$ 0.6, 1.4 $\pm$ 0.6 mg NO$_3^-$-N/g MLVSS.hr, respectively. The overall activities of biomass in anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic zones at 20$\sim$24$^{\circ}C$ increased to 22, 20, and 15%, compared with those at 9$\sim$10$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity distribution of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter also increased with the increase of temperature.

Hydraulic Characteristics of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (혐기성 유동상 반응기의 수리학적 특성)

  • Seok, Jong-Hyuk
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 2018
  • Tracer experiments were carried out on two laboratory modes, "without media mode" and "with media mode", to examine the hydraulic characteristics of the anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR). For both configurations, a formula was derived for the hydraulics and data interpretation to obtain the actual characteristics of the reactor. The dispersion model is based on the assumption that carriers are non-reacting and the dispersion coefficient is constant. The model represents the one-dimensional unsteady-state concentration distribution of the non-reacting tracer in the reactors. The experimental results showed that the media increased the mixing conditions in the reactor considerably. For the reactor without media, in the range tested, the dispersion coefficient was at least an order of magnitude smaller than that of the reactor with media. Advective transport dominates and the flow pattern approaches the plug flow reactor (PFR) regime. The dispersion coefficient increased significantly as us, the superficial liquid velocity, was increased proportionally to 0.82cm/s. On the other hand, for the reactor with media, the flow pattern was in between a PFR and a completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) regime, and the dispersion coefficient was saturated at us=0.41cm/s, remaining relatively constant, even at us=0.82cm/s. The dispersion coefficient depends strongly on the liquid Reynolds number (Re) or the particle Reynolds number (Rep) over the range tested.

An Experimental Study on the Fluid Flow in Monolithic Catalyst Supports (모노리스 촉매담체내의 유체유동에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 최희탁;목재균;이은호;유재석;이종화
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.288-296
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    • 1995
  • 촉매변환기용 모노리스에서의 속도변화에 따른 압력강하를 알아보기 위하여 풍동을 제작하여 실험하였다. 200 cpsi, 300 cpsi와 400 cpsi의 모노리스 담체에 대한 압력강하를 측정하였고, 듀얼베드 형태에서의 압력강하를 알아보기 위하여 200 cpsi, 300 cpsi와 400 cpsi들 중 두 개씩 조합하여 두 모노리스 담체의 사이 간격을 변화시켜가면서 압력강하를 측정하였다. 또한 많이 사용되고 있는 촉매가 담지된 400cpsi의 모노리스를 이용하여 촉매 담지에 대한 유동의 영향을 살표보았다. 모노리스 상·하류간의 압력강하는 공극율에 상관없이 공기와 유로벽과의 접촉면적에 따라 증가한다. 실험 결과로부터 제안된 상관관계를 상용하여 모노리스 형상에 따른 압력강하를 근사적으로 예측 할 수 있다. 듀얼베드 형태에서의 압력강하는 상류부와 하류부의 개별적인 모노리스의 압력강하와 두 모노리스 사이에서의 압력강하의 합으로 볼 수 있는데, 두 모노리스 사이에서의 압력강하는 무시할 만 하였다. 따라서 듀얼베드 형태의 전체적인 압력강하는 상류부와 하류부의 개별적인 모노리스에서 생기는 압력강하만의 합으로 구할 수 있다. 촉매가 담지되지 않은 모노리스의 측정결과로부터 제안된 상관관계를 촉매가 담지된 모노리스의 압력강하를 예측하는데 사용하기 위해서는 모노리스 길이를 원래길이의 1.25배로 수정하여 사용하여야 한다.

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Treatment of dyeing wastewater using Moving Bed Bioractor (부유메디아 생물막 공정을 이용한 염색폐수처리)

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Seung-Han;Park, Jun-Hyung;Jo, Seog-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2011.03a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2011
  • 염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

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Development of Nontoxic Organic-Inorganic Complex pigment (환경친화적 무독성 유.무기 복합안료에 대한 연구)

  • Do, Young-Woong;Kwon, Myeon-Joo;Joo, Hyun-Ku;Yoon, Jae-Kyung;Ha, Jin-Wook
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.339-342
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 현재 국내에서 다량 사용되는 중금속 크롬과 납이 포함된 녹색안료를 대체하기 위해 유동층화학기상증착(FB-CVD) 공정을 이용한 환경친화적 무독성 유 무기 복합 녹색안료의 개발을 목표로 하였다. 기초실험으로 여러 가지의 담체 표면특성(SEM)과 성분(EDXS)을 고찰한 결과 1차 실험담체로 CaCO3를 선정하였다, 코팅안료 배합에 있어 다양한 종류의 계면활성제를 처리한 후 제조한 녹색안료의 색상발현 실험을 한 결과 건조상태나 색상발현에서 녹색물질 배합농도에 차이를 보였으나, 음이온계면활성제를 사용한 계면활성제 3이 안료 건조와 색상발현에 가장 적합하였다.

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Treatment of an Authentic Textile-dyeing Wastewater Utilizing a Fluidized Biofilter and Hybrid Recirculating System Composed of the Fluidized Biofilter and a UV/photocatalytic Reactor (실제 혼합염색폐수의 유동상 시스템을 활용한 미생물처리와 하이브리드 재순환시스템처리)

  • Lee, Eun Ju;Lim, Kwang-Hee
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2015
  • A fluidized biofilter was filled with Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis-fixed waste-tire crumb media and was run to treat authentic textile-dyeing wastewater mixed with alkaline polyester-weight-reducing wastewater. As a result, its removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ and color were 75~80% and 67%, respectively. In addition, upon constructing hybrid-recirculating system composed of the fluidized biofilter and a 450 W-UV/photocatalytic reactor, only fluidized biofilter was run bypassing UV/photocatalytic reactor at stage I. Subsequently, the hybrid system was continuously run at stage II-i, ii and iii. At stage II-i, the total removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was enhanced to be 80~85%, compared to 75% at stage I, owing to 20~30% removal efficiency of the UV/photocatalytic reactor. However, at stage II-i, the total removal efficiency of color was enhanced to be 65~70%, compared to 45~65% at stage I, even though the removal efficiency of the UV/photocatalytic reactor was tantamount to merely 0~5%. As far as the removal efficiency of fluidized biofilter of the hybrid-recirculating system is concerned, its removal efficiency of color was enhanced by the synergy effect of the hybrid-recirculating system unlike $COD_{Cr}$. Besides, despite of the increase of hybrid-recirculating system-recycle ratio, the deactivation of photo-catalytic activity was scarcely observed to eliminate the color while its irreversible deactivation was observed to eliminate $COD_{Cr}$.