• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.793-799
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• 2018

As interest in artificial intelligence has increased, artificial intelligence has been actively studied in the medical field. In Korea, artificial intelligence has been applied to medical imaging devices such as X-ray imaging, Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging and artificial intelligence capable of acquiring radiation images of patients without radiologists in the future Medical devices are expected to be invented. This study was an initial study on the automation of patient positioning in X - ray imaging. We used x-ray equipment and human phantoms to evaluate the positioning. The program used Visual Studio 2010 MFC and the image was in the size $1450{\times}1814$. The pixel values were converted to contrasts with values of 0 to 255 that can be visually recognized and output to the monitor. We developed a procedure algorithm program that predicts the angle of the output image through three pixel coordinate values and induces the patient to perform correct positioning according to the voice guidance according to the angle. In the next study, we will study the artificial intelligence to grasp the structure itself and calculate the angle, rather than conveying the reference of coordinates to artificial intelligence. In the future, it is expected that it will be helpful in the study of artificial intelligence from shooting to positioning through the automation of positioning.

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.259-259
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• 2002

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination. As a study method, this author searched for and analyzed materials related to chest PA X-ray examination from theses and books that had been published previously to understand the importance of proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination. Generally, one of the examinations frequently done in most of the hospitals is chest PA X-ray examination. Also, in any kinds of X-ray examination, proper positioning is the most fundamental and definite way to provide accurate information about the patient. Poor positioning in chest PA X-ray examination may jeopardize the diagnosis and treatment, increase social cost due to examination needed to be done additionally, and generate additional radiation exposure unnecessarily above all. In conclusion, it is expected that proper positioning in chest PA X-ray examination will exert positive effects such as the provision of accurate information about the patient, prevention of misdiagnosis, reduction in social cost, and lastly decrease in radiation exposure.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was compare to the patient setup deviation of two different type thermoplastic immobilization masks for glottis cancer in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). A total of 16 glottis cancer cases were divided into two groups based on applied mask type: standard or alternative group. The mean error (M), three-dimensional setup displacement error (3D-error), systematic error (${\Sigma}$), random error (${\sigma}$) were calculated for each group, and also analyzed setup margin (mm). The 3D-errors were $5.2{\pm}1.3mm$ and $5.9{\pm}0.7mm$ for the standard and alternative groups, respectively; the alternative group was 13.6% higher than the standard group. The systematic errors in the roll angle and the x, y, z directions were $0.8^{\circ}$, 1.7 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm in the alternative group and $0.8^{\circ}$, 1.1 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2.0 mm in the alternative group. The random errors in the x, y, z directions were 10.9%, 1.7%, and 23.1% lower in the alternative group than in the standard group. However, absolute rotational angle (i.e., roll) in the alternative group was 12.4% higher than in the standard group. For calculated setup margin, the alternative group in x direction was 31.8% lower than in standard group. In contrast, the y and z direction were 52.6% and 21.6% higher than in the standard group. Although using a modified thermoplastic immobilization mask could be affect patient setup deviation in terms of numerical results, various point of view for an immobilization masks has need to research in terms of clinic issue.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 1989

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2019

The aim of this study was analyzed the setup error of breast cancer patients in intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) with deep inspiration breath holding(DIBH) and was analyzed the dose distribution due to setup error. A total of 45 breast cancer cases were performed a retrospective clinical analysis of setup error. In addition, the re-treatment planning was carried by shifting the setup error from the isocenter at the treatment. Based on this, the dose distribution of PTV and OARs was compared and analyzed. The 3D error for small breast group and medium breast group and large breast group were 3.1 mm and 3.7 mm and 4.1 mm, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant(P=0.003). DVH results showed HI, CI for the PTV difference between standard treatment plan and re-treatment plan of 14.4%, 4%. The difference in $D_5$ and $V_{20}$ of the ipsilateral lung was 5.6%, 13% respectively. The difference in $D_5$ and $V_5$ of the heart of right breast cancer patients was 6.8%, 8% respectively. The difference in $D_5$, $V_{20}$ of the heart of left breast cancer patients was 7.2%, 23.5% respectively. In this study, there was a significant association between breast size and significant setup error in breast cancer patients with DIBH. In addition, it was found that the dose distribution of the PTV and OARs varied according to the setup error.

• Venture DIGEST
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• s.110
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• pp.38-39
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• 2007

치열한 자본주의 아래의 기업활동은 경쟁의 연속이다. 현재 세계 50대 기업 중 50년 전에도 존재하였던 기업은 손꼽을 정도라고 하니 자본주의하의 경쟁이 얼마나 치열한 것인지 알 수 있다. 이에 기업은 서로간의 연합, 협정, 결합 등을 통해 경쟁을 회피하려는 동기를 가지게 된다. 그러나 시장경쟁이 줄어들면 자연히 시장에서의 독점적 지위를 보장받는 데만 집중하여 궁극적으로 시장에서 독과점의 위치를 차지하게 된다고 보는 시각도 존재하고 있다. 본 호에서는 기업결합의 페해를 막기 위해 법률상에서 기업결합이 어떻게 규제되고 있는지 살펴 본다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

Purpose: The way check the movement of the fiducial marker insertion in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. However the existing methods of fiducial marker verification process difficult to identify the specific location of the marker behind the femur and pelvic bone. So to study the evaluation of maker match with using kilo voltage (KV) X-ray by On-board imager to both oblique verification method. Materials and Methods: Five patients were selected for rectal ballooning and inserted fiducial marker. Compare the position of the fiducial marker of reference plan 2D/2D Anterior/Posterior verification method and 2D/2D both oblique verification method. So to measurement the shift score of X, Y, Z (axis) and measure exposure dose given to patients and compare matching time. Results: 2 dimensional OBI KV X-ray imaging using two-dimensional matching image are orthogonal, so locating fiducial marker matching clear and useful DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) OBI souce angle ($45^{\circ}/315^{\circ}$) matching most useful. 2D/2D both oblique verification method was able to see clearly marker behind the pelvic bone. Also matching time can be reduced accordingly. According to the method of each matching results for each patient in each treatment fraction, X, Y, and Z axis the Mean $value{\pm}SD$ (standard deviation) is X axis (AP/LAT: $0.4{\pm}1.67$, OBLIQUE: $0.4{\pm}1.82$) mm, Y axis (AP/LAT: $0.7{\pm}1.73$, OBLIQUE: $0.2{\pm}1.77$) mm, Z axis (AP/LAT: $0.8{\pm}1.94$, OBLIQUE:$1.5{\pm}2.8$) mm. In addition, the KV X-ray source dose radiation exposure given to the patient taking average when AP/LAT matching is (0.1/2.1) cGY, when $315^{\circ}/45^{\circ}$ matching is (0.27/0.26) cGY. Conclusion: In conclusion for inserted fiducial marker of prostate cancer patients 2D/2D both oblique matching method is more accurate verification than 2D/2D AP/LAT matching method. Also the matching time less than the 2D/2D AP/LAT matching method. Taken as the amount of radiation exposure to patients less than was possible. Suggest would improve the treatment quality of care patients more useful to establish a protocol such as case.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-83
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• 2002

국내 35개 병원의 44대의 CT장치를 대상으로 CT장치의 성능을 크게 7가지의 항목별로 구분하여 평가한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 물의 평균 CT number는 -18.9HU와 +68.6HU의 범위에 속했으며, 전체 장치의 평균은 $2.4{\pm}13.0\;HU$였다. 물의 평균 CT number의 권장수준을 -6과 +6로 하였을 경우 이에 적합한 장치는 35대(79.5%)였다. Contrast scale은 장치의 종류에 따라 많은 차이를 나타내었으나 평균은 $2.02{\pm}10^{-4}{\sim}1.665{\pm}10^{-5}$이었다. 직선성을 나타내는 상관계수는 0.984에서 0.992의 분포를 나타내었으며 평균은 $0.990{\pm}0.002$였다. 공간분해능은 0.60 m에서 1.25 mm의 분포를 나타내었으며 전체 장치의 65.9%에 해당되는 29대에서 0.75 mm의 공간 해상능을 나타내었다. 대조도 분해능은 3.2 mm(1/8인치)에서 19.1 mm(3/4인치)의 분포를 나타내었으며, 대조도 분해능의 권장수준을 6.4 mm 이하로 하였을 경우 측정 대상장치 44대 중 이에 적합한 장치는 37대(84.1%)였다. 슬라이스 두께의 설정치가 1 mm인 경우 측정치의 평균은 $2.0{\pm}0.6\;mm$이였으며, 설정치가 2 mm와 3 mm인 경우 측정치는 각각 $3.0{\pm}0.7\;mm$와 $3.5{\pm}0.6\;mm$이였다. 설정치가 5 mm와 7 mm인 경우 측정치는 각각 $5.1{\pm}0.6\;mm$, $7.0{\pm}0.5mm$이였다. 그리고 10 mm의 설정치에서는 $9.8{\pm}0.7\;mm$의 측정치를 나타내었다. 위치잡이용 중심선의 좌우방향의 편차는 -4.7 mm에서 +41.7 mm의 범위였으며, 상하방향의 편차는 -3.7 mm에서 +4.6 mm의 범위였다. 위치잡이용 중심선의 좌우 및 상하방향의 권장수준을 ${\pm}3.0\;mm$과 ${\pm}3.0\;mm$ 이하로 하였을 경우 41대의 측정 대상장치에서 이에 적합한 장치는 33대(80.5 %)였다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2005

Purpose : We should use a computed tomography-simulator for the body measure and compensator manufacture process was practiced with TBI's positioning in process and to estimate the availability.,Materials and Methods : Patient took position that lied down. and got picture through computed tomography-simulator. This picture transmitted to Somavision and measured about body measure point on the picture. Measurement was done with skin, and used the image to use measure the image about lungs. We decided thickness of compensator through value that was measured by the image. Also, We decided and confirmed position of compensator through image. Finally, We measured dosage with TLD in the treatment department.,Results : About thickness at body measure point. we could find difference of $1{\sim}2$ cm relationship general measure and image measure. General measure and image measure of body length was seen difference of $3{\sim}4$ cm. Also, we could paint first drawing of compensator through the image. The value of dose measurement used TLD on head, neck, axilla, chest(lungs inclusion), knee region were measured by $92{\sim}98%$ and abdomen, pelvis, inquinal region, feet region were measured by $102{\sim}109%$.,Conclusion : It was useful for TBI's positioning to use an image of computed tomography-simulator in the process. There was not that is difference of body thickness measure point, but measure about length was achieved definitely. Like this, manufacture of various compensator that consider body density if use image is available. Positioning of compensator could be done exactly. and produce easily without shape of compensator is courted Positioning in the treatment department could shortened overall $15\{sim}20$ minute time. and reduce compensator manufacture time about 15 minutes.