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Jung, Young-Chul;Kim, Sung-Eun;Jang, Young-Jun;Kim, Tae-Hui;Kim, Gwang-Hee
- Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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- v.11 no.3
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- pp.247-255
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- 2011
Currently, there is database for per unit requirements of major construction materials in terms of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission based on the input-output table published by the Bank of Korea in 2000, but no database for per unit requirements based on input-output tables was published in 2005 and 2007. The purpose of this study was to calculate the unit requirement values of major construction materials in terms of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission generated by using the input-output tables published in 2005 and 2007. To estimate the unit requirement values, a database building method with the input-output tables was adopted by selecting 16 types of construction materials in wide use on construction sites. When the study results were compared with existing unit requirement values based on the input-output table of 2000, there were small discrepancies, from which it can be interpreted that the method used in the study is reasonable. Unit requirement values estimated based on input-output tables of 2005 and 2007 tended to decrease, and the highest value of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission were found in the materials using cement and rebar.
https://doi.org/10.5345/JKIC.2011.06.3.247 인용 PDF KSCI

Piao, Shi-Hao;Kim, Dong-Goo;Jin, De-Nan;Wu, Zhen-Jiu;Hong, Chun-Lan;Kim, Kyung-Hwan
- The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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- v.31 no.3
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- pp.313-321
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- 1995
Conflicting data have been reported on the effect of nicotine on gastric mucosal damage. To elucidate the effect of chronic intermittent nicotine on gastric mucosal damage, intragastric nicotine (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) was administered twice per day for 9 days. Gastric mucosal damage was created by s.c. injection of a large dose (1.2 mg/kg) of pentagastrin followed by pylorus ligation for 6 hours. Nicotine treated rats showed reduced gastric mucosal damage about 50% of the control. To examine the mechanism of the protective effect of nicotine, gastric perfusion experiments were done. Basal acid secretion was not affected by intragastric or intravenous nicotine. However, pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion markedly inhibited by a bolus injection of nicotine, and this response was dose-related. These data indicates that chronic intermittent administration of nicotine protects gastric mucosa against gastrin-induced gastric mucosal damage, and nicotine-induced inhibition of gastrin-stimulated acid secretion has an important role for the protective effect of nicotine. Considering reports concerning nicotine's aggravating effect on the gastric mucosal damage, it is suggested that the methods of administration of nicotine may be an important decisive factor of the divergent action of nicotine on the gastric mucosa.
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