• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.887-894
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• 2007

In this paper, design and fabrication of the LPF with controllable four transmission zeros using electric coupling and added open stub is presented. Pass-band of the LPF is GSM band, and two transmission zeros are generated by the electric coupling at the WiBro and S-DMB band, And the other two transmission zeros are generated by the open stub at the upper frequencies. Harmonic frequency of the stop-band is suppressed by the realization of the filter using quasi-lumped element with small parasitic values. $C_M$, which is the electric coupling element of the equivalent circuit, is realized by the distance control between the open stubs of the filter structure. The fabricated LPF used teflon substrate with relative permittivity of 2.6. And it has a size of $38{\times}20{\times}0.79 mm^3$, which is including a feed line. The measured 3 dB cut-off frequency is 1.55 GHz, and locations of the transmission zeros are 2.20, 2.43, 4.11 and 6.84 GHz, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10A
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2006

The research deals with the measurement of electromagnetic wave propagation in subway tunnels at 2.65GHz. Measurements have been conducted in 4 different types of tunnel courses, a straight tunnel, two curved tunnels, with 245m and 500m radius of curvature, and a tunnel that has both straight and curved sections. we found that the path loss exponent for the line-of-sight(LOS) region inside all the tunnels is $1.31{\sim}2.19$. The path loss exponents for LOS regions in the tunnel is lower than $(3{\sim}4)$, which corresponds to the path loss exponent factor for outdoor cellular environments. The path loss exponents of the straight tunnel, two curved tunnels with 245m and 500m radius of curvature are 1.94, 2.92, and 4.34, respectively. This indicates that a smaller radius of curvature in tunnel results in a higher path loss exponent for nonline-of-sight(NLOS) region. The path loss exponents for the NLOS region in the combined and curved tunnel, which have the same radii of cuvature, are 5.88 and 4.34, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the path loss characteristics in tunnel environments are infulenced by the radii of curvature as well as the LOS distance.