• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.61-72
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• 2022

Purpose: Conventional CBCT(Cone-beam Computed-tomography) caused an error in the target volume due to organ movement in the area affected by respiratory movement. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of accuracy and time spent using the Gated CBCT function, which reduces errors when performing RGRT(respiratory gated radiation therapy), and to examine the appropriateness of phase. Materials and methods: To evaluate the usefulness of Gated CBCT, the QUASAR^TM respiratory motion phantom was used in the Truebeam STx^TM. Using lead marker inserts, Gated CBCT was scaned 5 times for every 20~80% phase, 30~70% phase, and 40~60% phase to measure the blurring length of the lead marker, and the distance the lead marker moves from the top phase to the end of the phase was measured 5 times. Using Cedar Solid Tumor Inserts, 4DCT was scanned for every phase, 20-80%, 30-70%, and 40-60%, and the target volume was contoured and the length was measured five times in the axial direction (S-I direction). Result: In Gated CBCT scaned using lead marker inserts, the axial moving distance of the lead marker on average was measured to be 4.46cm in the full phase, 3.11cm in the 20-80% phase, 1.94cm in the 30-70% phase, 0.90cm in the 40-60% phase. In Fluoroscopy, the axial moving distance of the lead marker on average was 4.38cm and the distance on average from the top phase to the beam off phase was 3.342cm in the 20-80% phase, 3.342cm in the 30-70% phase, and 0.84cm in the 40-60% phase. Comparing the results, the difference in the full phase was 0.08cm, the 20~80% phase was 0.23cm, the 30~70% phase was 0.10cm, and the 40~60% phase was 0.07cm. The axial lengths of ITV(Internal Target Volume) and PTV(Planning Target Volume) contoured by 4DCT taken using cedar solid tumor inserts were measured to be 6.40cm and 7.40cm in the full phase, 4.96cm and 5.96cm in the 20~80% phase, 4.42cm and 5.42cm in the 30~70% phase, and 2.95cm and 3.95cm in the 40~60% phase. In the Gated CBCT, the axial lengths on average was measured to be 6.35 cm in the full phase, 5.25 cm in the 20-80% phase, 4.04 cm in the 30-70% phase, and 3.08 cm in the 40-60% phase. Comparing the results, it was confirmed that the error was within ±8.5% of ITV Conclusion: Conventional CBCT had a problem that errors occurred due to organ movement in areas affected by respiratory movement, but through this study, obtained an image similar to the target volume of the setting phase using Gated CBCT and verified its usefulness. However, as the setting phase decreases, the scan time was increases. Therefore, considering the scan time and the error in setting phase, It is recommended to apply it to patients with respiratory coordinated stereotactic radiation therapy using a wide phase of 30-70% or more.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2004

We present a null testing method fer aspheric surfaces, utilizing a phase-shifting diffraction grating interferometer along with a binary amplitude computer generated hologram (CGH). The binary amplitude CGH is designed to compensate for the wavefront between a point source and the aspheric surface under test. The fringe visibility of the grating interferometer is controlled easily by selecting suitable grating diffraction orders for the measurement and reference wavefronts or by optimizing the groove shape of the grating used. The binary amplitude CGH is designed by numerical analysis of ray tracing and fabricated using e-beam lithography for autostigmatic testing. Experimental results of a large-scale aspheric mirror surface are discussed to verify the measurement performance of the proposed diffraction grating interferometer.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2014

This paper has presented the design and fabrication of phase correlator for wideband digital frequency discriminator (DFD) operating over the 6.0 to 18.0 GHz frequency range. Fabricated DFD phase correlator has been measured I or Q output signal, and analyzed frequency discrimination error. The operation of the proposed mixer type correlator has been analyzed by deriving some analytic equations. To design the phase correlator, this paper has modeled and simulated IQ mixer and 8-way power divider by using RF simulation tool. Designed phase correlator has fabricated and measured. The phase error and frequency discrimination error have been presented using by measured I and Q output signal. Over the 6.0~18.0 GHz range, the root mean square(RMS) phase error is $4.81^{\circ}$, RMS and frequency discrimination error is 1.49 MHz, RMS.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

It was proposed the use of an inducive element to measure the SOH of a secondary battery by phase response. As a result of simulating the Randles equivalent model of a secondary battery, the inductive element used as the load has a high response characteristic and increases the maximum phase response frequency band. In order to obtain the frequency band in which the phase response characteristic of the secondary battery is well observed, the phase response was measured with the change of the inductance value of the inductive element, 33uH,49mohm inductive element with the maximum phase response at 631Hz was used. The phase response measurements for secondary battery with different SOH showed that the phase response for each 20% of SOH showed a difference of about 3.8(degree), enabling the SOH diagnosis of secondary battery by the phase measurement for the inductive element.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.210-217
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• 2000

Noncontact measuring methodology of 3-dimensional profile using CCD camera are very attractive because of it's high measuring speed and it's high sensitivity. Especially when projecting a grid pattern over the object, the captured image have 3 dimensional information of the object. Projection moire extract 3-D information with another grid pattern in front of CCD camera. However phase measuring profilometry(PMP) obtain similar results without additional grid pattern. In this paper, the projection moire are compared with the PMP mathematically, and it is shown that PMP can generate moire image with simple mathematical computations. Experimental works are also carried out showing the same results. It is shown that using a single gird pattern, moire image can be obtained directly without any mathematical operation when some conditions are satisfied.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.543-547
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• 2002

We have constructed two extended-cavity diode lasers which are phase-locked with a 9.2 GHz frequency offset. We adopted a digital servo circuit for the phase-locking. The relative linewidth of the phase-locked lasers was less than 2 Hz. Using the measured beat spectrum, we found the carrier concentration to be about 93 %. We measured phase noise and relative frequency stability of the lasers. The Allan deviation at the gate time of 20 s was $2.7{\times}10^{-19}$.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

In measurements of the vibration of structures underwater with a laser Doppler vibrometer, the surface vibration is measured by means of detecting the phase change of the laser beam due to the structural vibration. The laser beam passes through the sound field radiated from the vibrating structures underwater. It experiences an additional phase change due to the change in refractive index in the radiated sound field. This phase change due to the sound field may cause the error in surface vibration measurements. In this paper, this phase change due to the radiated sound filed has been analyzed. The numerical simulation has been peformed to evaluate the phase change in sound field radiated from an infinite cylindrical structure vibrating underwater.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1155-1164
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the transmit beam measurement method of active phased array antenna, which is installed in Korea's first developed naval medium range radar, using near-field measurement facility. The pulse-mode high power characteristics of active phased array antenna's trasmit-beam make it difficult to measure with general near-field measurement facilities where low power continuous RF signals are used. Thus, in this paper, the measurement method of active phased array antenna's transmit beam in conjunction with the near-field measurement facility, which is suitable for the high-power transmit beam measurement, and PNA-X network analyzer(Agilent Technologies), which can support pulse-mode measurement, was proposed and measured by near-field measurement techniques. And the EIRP(Effective Isotropic Radiated Power), the transmit characteristic of active phased array antenna, was measured by the near field measurement techniques and compared to numerical estimation which was nearly equal with small difference of 0.1 dB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.661-670
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose the measurement techniques of mixed waveform. Mixed waveform has phase-continuous periodic waveform with fixed frequency signal and Linear Frequency Modulation(LFM) signal. This waveform is generated from a compact radar transmitter with frequency synthesizer and high power amplifier. Frequency synthesizer generates various signal waveform with continuos phase and high power amplifier amplify transmitting signal. First, we describe a compact radar transmitter with the phase-continuos signal and then verify the distortion characteristic of pulse compression by the mismatch of LFM waveform. Second, we describe three kinds of measurement techniques for measuring LFM waveform. These techniques include methods using signal analyzer, signal source analyzer and new methods using RF mixer and phase shifter. Finally, we verify the accuracy of the measurement technique from the pulse compression result of receiving signal.

• KSCI Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 X-Band용 두 개의 발진기를 사용하여 중간결합을 통한 위상잡음 특성을 개선할 목적으로 중간동기결합 구조의 발진기를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 각각의 발진기는 Hai-Pin을 이용한 발진기로 설계를 하였으며, 두 발진기가 중간결합을 위해 갖는 위상차는 발진기들의 바이어스를 이용하여 조정을 한다. 제안된 구조의 수치계산을 통한 설계, 하드웨어 구현 및 실험을 통해 측정된 결과를 제시하였으며, 측정 결과로 위상잡음 특성이 약 100dBc/Hz 개선됨을 보였다.