• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning method for modeling motion trajectory patterns effectively. In our approach, observations of an object on a trajectory are treated as words in a document for latent dirichlet allocation algorithm which is used for clustering words on the topic in natural language process. This allows clustering topics (e.g. go straight, turn left, turn right) effectively in complex scenes, such as crossroads. After this procedure, we learn patterns of word sequences in each cluster using Baum-Welch algorithm used to find the unknown parameters in a hidden markov model. Evaluation of abnormality can be done using forward algorithm by comparing learned sequence and input sequence. Results of experiments show that modeling of semantic region is robust against noise in various scene.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2013

This study highlights the theme of human error emerging as a critical issue in the railroad industry, conducting exploratory research on the effects of health, cognition, and safety climates on safety behavior and accidents using an empirical method. The statistical results based on questionnaires received from 204 train drivers indicate that psychological fatigue, cognitive failure, and internal locus of control as individual variables and CEO philosophy and behavior of immediate boss as organizational variables have significant relationships with safety behavior, while cognitive failure, CEO philosophy, behavior of immediate boss, and education were found to be significant variables with respect to accidents. Furthermore, unsafe behavior such as mistakes and violations showed negative effects on near misses and responsibility accidents, respectively. Based on these results, effective alternatives and countermeasures needed to mitigate human error were posited.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.133-170
• /
• 2022

Supreme Court 2018Da228486, on July 29, 2021, ruled Article 750 of the Civil Act as the basis for liability for damages due to the violation of the supervisory duty of the responsible mental patient. This judgment recognizes that the legal guardian is liable for tort due to neglect of the responsibility of supervision under Article 750 of the Civil Act because the duty of protection bears the duty of supervision over the mental patient under the law. However, unlike the case of Article 755 Paragraph 1, which explicitly requires a legal obligation to supervise, Article 750 only stipulates general tort liability. Thus, to admit tort liability under Article 750, it is not necessary that the basis of the supervisory duty by the law. In this case, the supervisory duty may also be acknowledged according to customary law or sound reasoning. The duty of supervision of a legal guardian is not a general duty to prevent all consequences of the behavior of a mental patient but a duty within a reasonably limited scope. Therefore, the responsibility of the burden of care should be acknowledged only when the objective circumstances in which it is appropriate to hold the legal guardian for the acts of the mental patient are admitted. Under the Act on the improvement of mental health and the support for welfare services for mental patients, a legal guardian cannot even be granted the supervisory duty to prevent the mental patient from harming others.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.117-134
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of callous-unemotional traits(CU) on juvenile crime and explore additional effects of parenting and socioeconomic status on juvenile crime. A total of 103 juvenile probationers completed self-report questionnaires at 3 probation offices in Seoul, and a total of 123 high school students completed self-report questionnaires in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The results of this study were as follows. First, juvenile crime group showed higher score in uncaring subscale of CU, lower parent's education and lower economic level than normal group. Second, in both groups, uncaring subscale of CU showed negative correlations with parent's acceptance and daily monitoring. Third, in logistic regression, uncaring subscale of CU and low economic level significantly predicted juvenile crime group. This study suggests that uncaring characteristic of CU and socioeconomic status are potential factors contributing to juvenile crime.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.11 no.spc
• /
• pp.117-131
• /
• 2005

The present research integrated various theoretical perspectives of human unlawful behaviors in order to clarify the psychological mechanisms that underly the changes in compliance with and attitude toward law as time goes. Most well-known theories such as classical theory of crime, biosocial and evoluationary theories, and psychological perspectives including psycho-dynamic theory, personality, intellectual/moral development theories, and decision-making were discussed in their unique points in explaining human unlawful behaviors. Finally, social-learning theory and cognitive-dissonance theory has been suggested to explain the psychological mechanism of the phenomena in which people's attitude toward law and compliance with law become weaken through violation experiences of trivial lawful regulations. Especially, the logic of cognitive-dissonance theory (that people committed violation of trivial laws should experience dissonance with their original belief of compliance with law and negative arousal and try to remove the arousal by change their belief along with their behavior) were theoretically convincing to explain the phenomenon and supported by a series of experimental studies. Several practical implications for future constitutional and political activities were discussed in the basis of the cognitive dissonance theory.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between the dual task performance and driving behavior of the elderly driver in order to identify whether the dual task can be utilized as a test to screen the driving ability of the elderly driver. We surveyed general information and driving-related information for 32 normal elderly drivers, and evaluated Y-DuCog(Yonsei-Dual task Cognitive screening) and the K-DBQ (Korean-Driving Behavior Questionnaire). As a result of the study, the performance of the dual task using the pegboard task and the animal name speaking showed a significant correlation with the score of the violation domain of K-DBQ. With this study, it was possible to confirm the possibility as a test for discrimination of driving ability.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.205-228
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to confirm the effect of social and relational behavior types of robots on human cognition in human-robot interaction. In the experiment, the participants evaluated trust in robots by watching a video on the robot Nao interacting with a human, in which the robot made an error and then made an effort to restore trust. The trust recovery behavior was set as three conditions: an internal attribution in which the robot acknowledges and apologizes for an error, a condition in which the robot apologizes for an error but attributes it externally, and a non-action condition in which the robot denies the error itself and does not take any action for the error. As the result, in all three cases, the error was perceived as less serious when the robot apologized than when it did not, and the ability of the robot was also highly evaluated. These results provide evidence that human attitudes towards robots can respond sensitively depending on the robot's behavior and how they overcome errors, suggesting that human perception towards robots can change. In particular, the fact that robots are more trustworthy when they acknowledge and apologize for their own errors shows that robots can promote positive human-robot interactions through human-like social and polite behavior.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.12 no.5_spc
• /
• pp.149-167
• /
• 2006

Korean society is rapidly changing to aging society comparing the other industrialized countries, however, the studies of elderly driver's driving behavior and accidents are not enough in Korea for elderly driver's accident prevention. This study focused on the elderly driver's psychological effects on elderly driver's driving behavior and traffic accidents; carefulness and aberrant driving behavior. - Elderly driver's traffic accidents The high percentage of elderly driver's accidents occurs in intersections and when turning left. There was a significant difference of the opponent vehicle's speed when left turn, between elderly driver and young driver; the elderly driver choose the higher speed of opponent vehicle than young driver when left turning. This result means that elderly driver has some problems with deciding the vehicle's speed and gap acceptance(Sunyeol Lee, Soonchul Lee, and Inseok Kim, 2006)(Table 1). - Carefulness and driving confidence In order to understand elderly driver's carefulness, this study compared the elderly driver's driving confidence. Driving confidence was consisted of 4 factors; environment of traffic condition, safe driving, driving ability and attention. Elderly driver's confidence was lower than young driver's. Elderly driver in high driving confidence group, showed longer driving history and they were tend to commit violations more frequently than elerly driver in low driving confidence group. Young driver, whose driving confidence level was high answered more driving history, annual mileage, the frequency of committing traffic violation and the experience of accident within lats 5 years(Soonchul Lee, Juseok Oh, Sunjin Park, Soonyeol Lee and Inseok Kim, 2006)(Table 2). This study examined the total time required until deciding to turn left in the no traffic signal intersection between elderly driver and young driver. The result showed that the time of elderly driver was significant longer than young driver(Sunyeol Lee et al, 2006)(Table 3). - Elderly driver's aberrant behavior Driver behavior Questionnaire(DBQ) was measured to understand the aberrant behavior; violation, error and lapse. The tend of aberrant behavior was observed by aging(Sunjin Park, Soonchul Lee, Jonghoi, Kim and Inseok Kim, 2006). Elderly driver's DBQ score was lower than young driver's(Table 4). Elderly and young driver showing longer driving history were in low DBQ score group. Elderly driver had high error score and young driver had high violation score. Young driver's aberrant driving behaviour was associated with annual mileage and the frequency of committing traffic violation. Elderly driver's aberrant driving behaviour was associated with annual mileage and experience of accident. Especially elderly driver whose violation, error and lapse score was high answered more committing experience of accident within last 5 years.

• 프린팅코리아
• /
• s.3
• /
• pp.44-46
• /
• 2002

지난 2001년 12월 13일. 공정거래위원회는 한국화상정보제판공업협동조합(이하 제판조합)이 서체회사를 상대로 독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률 위반 혐의로 고발한 사건에 대해 무혐의 처리를 내렸다. 어떻게든 공급되는 서체 가격을 현실화 시켜보겠다던 제판조합의 세 번째 노력이 물거품 되는 순간이었다. 세 번의 노력이 허사로 돌아간 제판조합은 서체회사에 대한 더 이상의 행동은 취하지 않을 것으로 보인다. 하지만 제판조합의 공정위를 통한 서체가격 인하 포기 의사가 출력회사들이 서체회사들의 높은 가격을 인정하는 것은 아니다. 세 번의 판정패에 대해 출력장비 보유업체는 여전히 그들의 패배를 인정하지 않고 있으며, 서체 가격을 내리고 말겠다며 투지를 다지고 있다. 서체 공급회사 관계자들을 만나 여전히 현안으로 남아있는 문제들에 대한 입장을 들어봤다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.223-225
• /
• 1998

실시간 감시(monitor) 및 제어(control) 시스템의 데이터베이스는 계속적으로 감지기(sensors)에 의해 갱신된다. 연속적인 데이터의 변화에 의한 제약조건(constraints) 위반은 시스템에 심각한 문제를 발생시킨다. 이러한 시스템의 감시 및 제어를 능동적(active)으로 제공하기 위한 기능의 보편적인 형태로 능동규칙(Active rules)을 사용한다. 능동규칙은 정의된 사건(event)이 발생하면, 데이터베이스 상태의 변화에 대한 조건(condition)에 의해 행동(action)을 수행한다. 무결성(integrity) 제약조건을 능동규칙으로 선언함으로써 데이터베이스의 상태를 감시 및 제어하는 것이다. 일반적으로 사용되어온 능동규칙은 제한적인 시간상 무결성 제약조건 검사를 허용하고 있으며, 최근 능동규칙을 사용하여 시간상 연속적인 데이터베이스의 변화에 대한 제약조건 및 트리거(trigger)를 제공하기 위한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이 논문은 사건 빈도와 연합된 시간상에 연속적인 데이터베이스 상태 변화의 확장된 시간조건 상술을 지원하는 시간능동 규칙을 제안한다.