• Korean Public Administration Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.109-132
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• 2014

본 연구는 조직관리자의 조직 내부 및 외부관리 노력과 관리경력 등 관리자의 개인적 특성이 조직구성원의 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 분석을 실시한다. 층화군집추출로 표집된 한국의 150개 중학교에 대해 3년간 학교, 교장 및 교사 조사를 통해 얻어진 다중원천 자료에 근거하여 위계적 선형모형(HLM)분석을 실시한 결과, 조직관리자인 교장의 관리경력 등 개인적 특성과 함께 교장의 내부관리 노력과 상부기관 및 학부모 등 주요 이해관계자에 대한 의견수렴 등 외부관리 노력이 모두 교사들의 직무만족에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있음을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 선행연구에서 제시하는 개인 및 조직수준 직무만족 설명변수들인 교사의 인구통계학적 특성, 직무동기, 자기효능감, 학교유형, 조직규모, 소재지역, 학교자원 등을 모두 통제한 상태에서 나타났다는 점에서 최근 공공관리 문헌에서 주목받고 있는 관리가 중요하다(management matters)는 주장의 한국적 맥락에서의 타당성을 지지하고 있다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.506-514
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• 2015

In this study, a new analytical techniques is proposed for seeking policy alternatives aimed at objectives of TDM, increasing the transit rideshare. Determinants of travel mode such as personal characteristics, lifestyle, and urban spatial characteristics are interdependent and have combined effect on decision. In addition, individuals, groups, and regional characteristics have interdependencies at different levels. Unlike traditional regression analysis, hierarchical analysis model has the advantage of identifying interdependencies and complex relationship between the combined impact factors. This analysis technique is expected to be a significant contribution to seek a more efficient TOD policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.175-185
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 TOD는 대중교통수단의 분담율 제고가 목적인데 이를 위한 정책대안의 모색에 필요한 새로운 분석기법을 제시하였다. 교통수단의 결정요인은 개인 특성과 라이프스타일 그리고 도시공간특성인데 이 요인들은 상호의존적으로 복합적 결합작용은 한다. 또한 개인과 그룹 및 지역 특성은 서로 다른 차원에서 상호의존성을 갖는다. 전통적 회귀분석과는 달리 위계적 분석모형은 요인들 간의 상호의존성과 복합결합적 영향관계를 규명하는 장점이 있다. 이러한 분석 기법에 의한 결과는 보다 효율적인 TOD정책 대한의 모색에 많은 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the determinants of wage for the college and university graduates utilizing both individual-level and industry-level variables. We note that wage determination has multi-level structure in the sense that individual wage is influenced by individual-level variables (level-1) and industry-level (level-2) variables. Then, the assumption that individual wage is independent in the classical regression is violated. Therefore, this paper utilizes the hierarchical linear model (HLM). The major results are the followings. First, the multiple correspondence analysis including level-1 and 2 variables reveals that both level 1 and level 2 variables affects individual wages judging from the fact that the values of level 1 and level 2 variables differ across the different level of individual wage groups. Second, the decision tree analysis including level-1 and 2 variables shows that the most influential variable in wage determination is industry-level wage and the next is industry-level working hour, ages and sex in the decling order in. This suggests that the utilization of the HLM is appropriate since the characteristics of industry is important in determining the individual wage. Third, it is shown that the HLM model is the best compared to the other models which do not take level-1 and level-2 variables simultaneously into account.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 2013

The fundamental concerns of this paper are to analyze the effects of student course evaluation using subject characteristic and student characteristic variables. We use a 2-level hierarchical linear model since the data structure of subject characteristic and student characteristic variables is multilevel. Four models we consider are as follows; (1) null model, (2) random coefficient model, (3) mean as outcomes model, (4) intercepts and slopes as outcomes model. The results of the analysis were given as follows. First, the result of null model was that subject characteristics effects on course evaluation had much larger than student characteristics. Second, the result of conditional model specifying subject and student level predictors revealed that class size, grade, tenure, mean GPA of the class, native class for level-1, and sex, department category, admission method, mean GPA of the student for level-2 had statistically significant effects on course evaluation. The explained variance was 13% in subject level, 13% in student level.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-193
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between travel behavior and urban spatial characteristics in a hierarchical manner. Method: This study analyzed the relationship between traffic patterns and urban spatial characteristics for 83 cities in Korea by using a hierarchical linear model. Results: It was found that the urban spatial characteristics influenced the choice of transportation mode and travel time with personal attributes. However, the degree of influence on the choice of the means and the time required is relatively low through the policy of changing the city attribute, so the policy effect of mobilizing the land use policy for the traffic is theoretically, but the scale is not bigger than expected. Conclusion: In high density or the bigger scale of the city, the mass transportation system is widely supplied and used, but it does not overcome the drawback that it takes more time than the autos.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.935-946
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• 2016

In this paper, we analyzed wage determinants of the vocational high school graduates utilizing both individual-level and work region-level variables. We formulate the models in the way wage determination has multi-level structure in the sense that individual wage is influenced by individual-level variables (level-1) and work region-level (level-2) variables. To incorporate dependency between individual wages into the model, we utilize hierarchical linear model (HLM). The major results are as follows. First, it is shown that the HLM model is better than the OLS regression models which do not take level-1 and level-2 variables simultaneously into account. Second, random effects on sex, maester dummy and engineering dummy variables are statistically significant. Third, the fixed effects on business hours and mean wage of regular job for level-2 variables are statistically significant effect individual-level wages. Finally, parental education level, parental income, number of licenses and high school grade are statistically significant for higher individual-level wages.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-85
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of child care teachers' emotional supports in individual classrooms on children's social skills, including self-control, assertion, cooperation, and responsibility that were related to their character development. Data were collected in a purposive sample involving 32 teachers working with 646 children at age five and 555 parents of the children. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to analyze a two-level model. The results showed that there were significant differences among classes with data reported by teachers but characteristics such as teachers' education and work experiences, child-teacher ratio, and type of child care centers as well as teacher's emotional supports did not explain the differences. Children's age and gender, which were predictors at the individual level, significantly explained their level of social skills reported by parents as well as teachers. The findings implied that other predictors influencing differences among classes should be explored in future studies.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.389-411
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and characteristics of Korean senior consumers. To this end, the factors of Maslow's seven-levels of needs hierarchy were re-established and applied to suit the actual situation in Korea. For analysis, an online survey was conducted on 440 adults (50-75 years old), who are considered active seniors living in Korea, on the factors of 7-levels of needs and demographic characteristics. The study found that the 7-levels needs of Korean senior consumers were derived in a different order from Maslow's. Other diverse theoretical and practical implications were also presented.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.512-520
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose is to analyze a relationship between urban characteristics and individual characteristics on the health level of individuals. Method: This study analyzed the relationship between urban characteristics and individual characteristics on individual health level in 2016 for local governments in Korea using a hierarchical linear model. Results: It was found that urban characteristics, along with individual characteristics, have a significant effect on the health level of individuals. Although the degree of influence is very large, some variables are not statistically significant, so more detailed research is needed for future urban policy. Conclusion: Although urban characteristics affect an individual's health level, additional research is needed on the variables of individual urban policies.