• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

서비스품질의 차원과 위계에 대한 논의가 최근 들어 늘어나고 있다. 그 이유는 서비스품질, 고객만족, 고객의 긍정적 행동의향, 수익성 간의 선순환 때문이다. 차원모델은 SERVQUAL과 SERVPERF 모델이 있고 위계모델은 Grönroos(1984)모델과 미국학자들이 개발한 모델이 대표적이다. 최근들어 이들을 결합한 하이브리드모델이 제안되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 하이브리드모델은 차원과 위계를 결합하여 일반성은 높지만 위계를 정하는 이론적 근거가 분명하지 않다. 본 연구는 욕구위계이론 중 Herzberg(1968)의 두 요인이론에 근거하여 서비스품질의 위계모델을 제시하려 한다. 이를 위해 CIT로 판매접점에서 고객이 느끼는 결정적 사건(critical incidents)을 조사하였다. 먼저 중복요인과 단독요인으로 나누고 각각을 다시 불만족중심과 만족중심으로 나눌 때 이들 결정적 사건이 잘 분류되었다. 분류결과 신뢰성은 불만족중심 중복요인, 응답성은 만족중심 중복요인, 공감성은 단독만족요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 서비스품질의 욕구위계모델에 따르면 신뢰성, 응답성, 공감성의 순으로 서비스품질이 중요하다. 확신성과 유형성은 따로 분류되는 결정적 사건이 없어 만족, 불만족 요인을 도와주는 조절요인으로 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Four alternative plans for the bus network in Daejeon metropolitan city, which have different hierarchical structure, were proposed : Alternative 1 represents a bus network without hierarchical structure, and Alternative 2, 3, and 4 represent bus networks with primary, intermediate, and advanced hierarchical structures, respectively. Efficiency of the alternative plans were evaluated based on the evaluation index including travel time cost, waiting time cost, and transition penalty cost. The travel time cost was decreased as the level of hierarchical structure gets higher until it reaches the extremely high level. As the level of hierarchical structure get higher, the waiting time cost significantly decreased while the transition penalty cost increased. Collectively, a bus network with hierarchical structure was shown to be more efficient than without it in the light of total travel cost. For the bus network with hierarchical structure, total travel cost shows a concave curve, which implies that there exists an optimal level of hierarchical structure in a bus network.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.735-744
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• 2016

This study attempted quantitative analysis by space syntax on the plan of a non-hierarchical arrangement, which selected SANAA's work after Almere Stadt Theater, and analyzed the difference in the quantitative value of the non-hierarchical arrangement in plan that appears externally. The analysis results were as follows. First, SANAA's spaces with a non-hierarchical arrangement plan that appears externally showed a definite quantitative value difference, and had a hierarchical space difference in the plan that does not appear externally. Second, the spaces with a high integration value also had a high connectivity value, which is indicated by increasing the number of space openings using the method of giving hierarchy to the non-hierarchical arrangement plan or adjusting the size of the room or location to grant hidden hierarchy. Third, SANAA used exterior corridor rather than interior corridor in grid-type plan to solve the accessibility problem, and the open coat spaces between rooms provide natural lighting and ventilation and are used as equipment that controls the hidden hierarchy of space at the same time.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-240
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which the middle school mathematics curriculum matched the item difficulty levels of representative mathematics items. The items used in this study were developed for the National Assessment of Educational Achievement. Ranks for difficulty values of the 60 multiple-choice item were calculated via both Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory and correlated with the rank order of the mathematics content and cognitive domains sequence. There are six content domains; number and operation, algebra, measurement, figure, pattern and function, and probability and statistics. The cognitive domains include computation, understanding, reasoning and problem-solving. Results suggest a congruence between cognitive domain's sequence and item difficulty levels of items based on that sequence. This finding indicates that the linear or hierarchical assumptions concerning the sequence appears to be reasonable. The characteristics of items that were exceptions to this trend were addressed.

• Women's Studies Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.145-183
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• 2010

This study has compared South Korea with Taiwan, a society which has an almost non-hierarchical college culture in spite of its social and historical similarities to Korea, including the recruit system. By the means of quantitative and qualitative comparative studies and analysis, it has tried to clarify the reasons behind the hierarchical and sexist military culture of Korean universities. According to the comparative studies, Taiwan's college culture is less hierarchical than that of South Korea, and support for the necessity of hierarchy is weaker. Hierarchy had a greater influence on the payment of meals, appellations and society admissions in South Korea. Elements of military culture such as violence or group discipline were usually only present in South Korean college culture. Male-centered drinking and prostitution culture was also found to be stronger in South Korea. The historical and social reason for these differences is that Taiwan has a weaker basis for nationalism and militarism, both essential factors in the founding of hierarchical and collective culture. The most direct reason for the lack of hierarchy in Taiwanese college culture is the period of recruitment. In South Korea, young men usually apply for military service during the first or second year or college, and return to school as second or third-year studies. In Taiwan, however, men are usually recruited after having graduated from college. Students who have served in the army have proved to have a significant influence on violence, hierarchy and drinking culture in Korea's college culture. South Korea's college culture has two main problems. The first is that South Korean college students are not able to be critical towards the harms of South Korea's oppressively hierarchical collective culture, and therefore do not develop the strength to fight against it. This is all the more problematic because they are the future components of South Korea's main institutions. The second is that it roots male-centeredness even further into the South Korean mentality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.182-183
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2007

This study is aimed at interpreting into changes and characters of function applied into quantative analysis in ubiquitous house. Digital technology being introduced into architectural fields, It applied expansively from design and construction to user's convenience. The application of digital technology is presented to various change like effectiveness and exactness in design and function of space, which is overlayed digital space to physical space beyond the extent of receiving human needs in physical space. In ubiquitous house, digital technologies are supplied to function coordinated with life, appreciating into positional informations of human and materials, spatial informations. Ubiquitous house is comparably effective into funtional expansion, user's convenience, safty, which, for the future, is going to using on housing of high performance encouraging the application of advanced technology. Therefore this study is classified into human behaviors, functions, performances and characters of digital system in ubiquitous house, which being established into the relation of elements, is interpreted numerically into functional changes and charats being applied to ARM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.14-16
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• 2004

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2013

As a period of pluralism, today's museum architecture has been expanding social and cultural meaning. So, Various expressions are appearing in museum architecture. Accordingly, the museum must be very reproducible and comply with aesthetic requirements. At the same time, museum construction in urban design and features must satisfy professional requirements. SANAA is one of contemporary architects has been decisively deleted existing fixed and functional layout type of program through 'The new hierarchy'. Thus, the experience of the space will vary. Now, museum space is urgently needed than ever before crustal movements. Thus, this study aims to contribute an alternative to the museum space configuration according to the trend of the times through 'The new hierarchy' of SANAA. This paper is limited to the cases of the SANAA's museum architecture. We analyze the characteristics of representation on 'The new hierarchy' appear in the museum space configuration and then, examine the value of the spatial. SANAA's 'New Hierarchy' is going to set the cognitive boundary by expression targeting plane and the surface. It is completely different than the previous boundaries. Characteristics of the expression represents non-centrality, decentrally, non-oriented, uncertainty, non-territorialization, uniformity. It is steady that identity of Space, Human, Environment in Museum. They have a relationship each concept of Independence, autonomy, equality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify Hierarchical Culture of construction enterprises, Empowerment, and Organizational Effectiveness through empirical research. To perform this study, we carried out a survey targeting executives of construction companies in Seoul, metropolitan area, and non-metropolitan area. For analyzing, SPSS Statistical Techniques, Reliability analysis, Factor analysis, Multiple Regression analysis were used. The results of the study are as follows. First, the Hierarchy of the Culture affects significantly positive (+) on Organizational Effectiveness. Second, Hierarchical Culture affects the significantly positive (+) to the Empowerment. Third, Hierarchies and Cultural Empowerment was found to significantly affect the positive (+) on Organizational Effectiveness. Based on the conclusions, Hierarchical Culture of the domestic construction industry has a significant impact on Self-determination and the goal of consciousness among employees. In addition, this is helpful in Job Performance and Organizational Commitment.