• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

We compare various imputation methods for compensating wave nonresponse that are commonly adopted in many panel surveys. Unlike the cross-sectional survey, the panel survey is involved a time-effect in nonresponse in a sense that nonresponse may happen for some but not all waves. Thus, responses in neighboring waves can be used as powerful predictors for imputing wave nonresponse such as in longitudinal regression imputation, carry-over imputation, nearest neighborhood regression imputation and row-column imputation method. For comparison, we carry out a simulation study on a few income data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study based on two performance criteria: predictive accuracy and estimation accuracy. Our simulation shows that the ratio and row-column imputation methods are much more effective in terms of both criteria. Regression, longitudinal regression and carry-over imputation methods performed better in predictive accuracy, but less in estimation accuracy. On the other hand, nearest neighborhood, nearest neighbor regression and hot-deck imputation show higher performance in estimation accuracy but lower predictive accuracy. Finally, the mean imputation shows much lower performance in both criteria.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.80.2-80.2
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• 2012

그라핀(graphene)은 탄소 원자의 2차원 육각형 $sp^2$ 결합체로서 탄소 나노구조체가 가지는 여러 가지 우수한 특성을 보유하면서 대면적 기판 위에서 소자구현 및 투명전극 등으로의 우수한 응용성 때문에 고품질 그라핀 제조와 물리적 특성, 소자응용에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근 그라핀 제조를 위한 여러 가지 방법이 개발되고 있으나 화학적 박리법이 저비용으로 대량생산을 위해 가장 유리한 방법으로 주목을 받고 있다. 화학적 박리법은 벌크 그라파이트를 강한 산을 이용하여 산화시켜 형성된 산화 그라파이트(graphite oxide)을 열적으로 팽창시켜 박리하고 환원하여 그라핀으로 제조하는 것이다. 보통 열적팽창을 위해서 열처리 로를 사용하게 되는데, 본 연구에서는 박리를 보다 효율적으로 진행시키고 고품질의 그라핀을 얻기 위해 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 박리법을 적용하였다. 마이크로웨이브는 설비가 간단하고 매우 균일하게 열팽창을 시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 대량생산에서도 유리할 것으로 기대하였다. 천연 그라파이트(99.9%, 평균입도 $200{\mu}m$)를 Hummer 방법에 따라 $H_2SO_4$와 $KMnO_4$를 사용하여 산화시키고 필터링 후 마이크로웨이브를 조사하였다. 이후 환원 처리를 거쳐 그라핀을 제조하였다. 라만스펙트럼 및 투과전자현미경으로 분석한 결과 우수한 품질의 그라핀이 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그라핀의 두께 및 품질은 마이크로웨이브의 인가시간 및 반복 횟수가 증가함에 따라 크게 영향받는 것을 확인하였다. 본 발표에서는 마이크로웨이브를 사용한 산화 그라파이트 박리 및 그라핀 제조라는 새로운 시도와 주요변수에 따른 그라핀 특성에 관한 결과를 논의할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.373-385
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• 1987

The scaled WDF should be optimized from the point of view of dynamic range. Transformer scaling method is attempted to maximize the dynamic range by equalizing the gains in the different nodes of the WDF. In this paper, the dual network and different frequencies are used to study the effects of different topology and of sampling frequency. Comparing with the unscaled WDF, the most significant observation is that the SNR is improved in the range of 7 to 35 dB in the WDF scaled by the trasnsformer scaling method. In addition, the SNR shows a continuous drop with the increase of sampling frequency, but scaling effects seem to decrease the rate at which the SNR drop.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.104-107
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 웨이브릿 영역에서 HVS 및 NVF 함수를 사용하여 영상특성에 기반한 통계적 판정법을 이용한 적응 워터마크 검출 알고리즘을 판정법을 제안한다. 워터마크는 4레벨로 분해된 웨이브릿 영역에서 JND(just noticeable difference) 특성과 NVF(noise visibility function)를 이용한 통계적 특성을 기반으로 정상상태 가우시안 모델에 따라 지각적 동조 특성을 이용하여 적응적으로 삽입하고, Bayes 이론 및 Neyman-Pearson 정리를 이용한 통계적 판정법을 이용하여 워터마크를 추출함으로써 기존의 통계적 판정법 보다 정확하게 워터마크 존재 유무를 판정 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2019

This study aimed to effectively dissolve sulfide minerals through microwave-nitric acid leaching of invisible gold concentrate and then recover gold from the solid-residue with fire assay. For the purposes, this study conducted microwave-nitric acid leaching experiments to examine nitric acid concentration, time of microwave leaching, and sample addition effect. As results of the experiments, this study discovered that the weight loss rate of solid-residue increased as nitric acid concentration and microwave leaching time increased while weight loss rate decreased as sample addition increased. In an XRD analysis with solid-residue, it was discovered that pyrite completely disappeared when the nitric acid concentrate was 6 M and the microwave leaching time was 18 minutes. When a fire assay was carried out with solid-residue, gold particles with more content were recovered as nitric acid concentration and microwave leaching time increased whereas gold particles with more gold content were recovered as the sample addition decreased.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1063-1068
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• 2008

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue water solution was carried out by irradiating microwave and UV light simultaneously using $TiO_2$ photocatalyst balls prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition method. A microwave-discharged electrodeless UV lamp was developed to use microwave and UV simultaneously for photocatalytic reactions. The results of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue showed that the decomposition rate increased with the microwave intensity, the circulating fluid velocity and auxiliary oxidizing agents added. Especially, the rate constant of $H_2O_2$-added photocatalytic reaction increased about three times from $0.0061min^{-1}$ to $0.0197min^{-1}$ when microwave was additionally irradiated. This study demonstrates that the microwave irradiation can play a very important role in photocatalytic degradation using peroxides although it is not easy to quantitatively assess the effect of microwave on photocatalytic reactions from the experimental data of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.214-217
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• 2001

Microwave continuous drier system mostly uses the ISM frequency band(915MHz or 2450MHz). It dry the material off from it's inside by the electromagnetic wave. The structure whose openings is needed for dry system to continuously feeds a materials into the system. So it is too difficult to shield the leakage of electromagnetic energy through the apertures. In this paper, we designed microwave continuous drier structure which operates at 2450MHz and analyzed the field distributions at the internal and external region of the structure.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2019

This study aimed to liberate gold from invisible gold concentrate (Au = 1,840.00 g/t) through microwave nitric acid leaching experiments. For the purpose, this study conducted microwave-nitric acid leaching experiments and examined nitric acid concentration effect, microwave leaching time effect and sample addition effect. The results of the experiments were as follows: Au (gold) contents were not detected in all of the microwave leaching conditions. In the insoluble-residue, weight loss rate tended to decrease as the nitric acid concentration, microwave leaching time and sample addition increased. In an XRD analysis with solid-residue, it was suggested that gypsum and anglesite were formed due to dissolution of calcite and galena by nitric acid solution. When a fire assay was carried out with insoluble-residue, it was discovered that gold contents of the solid-residue were 1.3 (Au = 2,464.70 g/t) and 28.8 (52,952.80 g/t) times more than those of concentrate. But in the gold contents recovered, a severe gold nugget effect appeared. It is expected that the gold nugget effect will decrease if a sampling method of concentrate is improved in the microwave-nitric acid leaching experiments and filtering paper with smaller pore size is used for leaching solution and burned filter paper is used for sampling in lead-fire assay.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2015

A simulation is applied to evaluate sea surface observations such as wave heights and surface currents by using a microwave Doppler radar. It is reported that the microwave irradiation width on the sea surface and Fourier transform time taken to sample data for frequency analysis affect Doppler spectra. To investigate the influences by these parameters, Doppler spectra are simulated with various numerical sea surface waves with currents. From the results, in the case of the microwave irradiation width is five times smaller than the wavelength of the sea surface wave, and the Fourier transform time is also five times shorter than the period of the sea surface wave, there is a possibility to measure wave heights accurately with a Doppler radar. In addition, relative surface currents can be estimated by analysis of long Fourier transform time. The simulation results showed the appropriate observing conditions with a microwave Doppler radar.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2009

Quantum chemistry has many concepts that are either abstract or counterintuitive, giving students difficulties in understanding them. Fortunately, the advancement of web technologies provides us with hordes of powerful tools to produce rich multimedia web applications that supplement traditional classroom teaching. In this paper we present an approach to address this issue that combines interactive simulations and visualization on the web browser using Shockwave technology. With several examples, we show how to take advantage of the features of the Shockwave technology in developing web-based course material with ease.