• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.spc
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• pp.1067-1078
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• 2018

Water resources projection typically consists of several stages including emission scenarios, global circulation models (GCMs), downscaling techniques, and hydrological models, and each stage is a source of total uncertainty in water resources projection. Several studies proposed methods to quantify the relative contribution of each stage to total uncertainty, and we call such analysis uncertainty decomposition. Uncertainty decomposition enables us to investigate the stages yielding large uncertainties and to establish the uncertainty reduction plan that reflects them. Interactions between stages is one of the important issues to be considered in uncertainty decomposition. This study suggests a new uncertainty decomposition method considering interaction effect. The proposed method has an advantage of decomposing the total uncertainty to the uncertainty from each stage considering both the main and interactions effects. We apply the proposed method to streamflow projection for Chungju Dam basin. The results show that the uncertainties from the main effects are larger than the uncertainties from interaction effects in both summer and winter. Using the proposed uncertainty decomposition method, we show that the GCM stage is the largest source of the total uncertainty in summer and the downscaling technique stage is the one in winter among the following four stages: emission scenarios, GCMs, downscaling techniques, and hydrological models.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

There is a growing interest in the entrepreneurial activity that has long been considered essential for sustainable economic development and value creating. Although it is strongly encouraged by focusing on the positive aspects of venturing, less has been paid attention to entrepreneurial failure, which is the biggest cause of hesitation in starting a business. The uncertain and risky nature of entrepreneurship implies a considerable possibility of failure. Even if it fails, the experience and knowledge of entrepreneurs acquired through entrepreneurship indeed offers valuable lessons for the re-venturing, which can serve as an important social asset that should not be lost. It has been argued that re-entering the same industry for the subsequent venture maximizes the learning effect through utilizing potential benefits from industry-specific knowledge. Although the re-startup after entrepreneurial failure is a very important topic in the studies on serial entrepreneurs, there is a paucity of systematic empirical investigation. This study responds to calls for more research on the re-startup after entrepreneurial failure, and specifically complements existing studies on serial entrepreneurs. Focusing on the entrepreneurs' attribution for the failure, we conducted an empirical analysis of how this affects the re-startup process. Moreover, we also examined the moderating effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and resilience. For the analyses, we surveyed the entrepreneurs who tried to re-start the subsequent business after the entrepreneurial failure through the "Revitalization Center for Strained Entrepreneur". The results found that failed entrepreneurs who blamed internal factors for their previous venture failures were likely to keep the same industry for their subsequent business. In addition, the positive effect of internal attribution on maintaining the same industry for the re-startup was found to be stronger when entrepreneurial self-efficacy and resilience were high.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.37-68
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• 2018

This study examines the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and external oriented organizational culture on the firm perfornamance focusing on mediating effects of open innovation. The survey was conducted on Korean manufacturing firms with 100-5,000 employees among listed companies and external auditing companies. The validity of the research model and hypotheses was verified through analysis of structural equation model for 283 valid responses. Empirical results show that entrepreneurial orientation positively affects both open innovation and firm's performance. The external oriented organizational culture of firms appears to be positive effects on open innovation, but the effect between the external oriented organizational culture and firm's performance shows no statistical significance. Open innovation have positive effects on firm performance. In addition, a test for mediation effects of open innovation reveals that a full mediation exists between the external oriented organizational culture and firm's performance, while there is a partial mediation effect between entrepreneurial orientation and firm's performance. This study contribute to the literature by deepening understanding on the open innovation. We propose an integrated model for examining antecedent factors, open innovation and performance.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

Following the U.S sub-prime mortgage crisis and a slump in properties market, the probability is rising that housing investment would not yield high profit as it used to do until early 2000s. For this reason, the nature of properties market is undergoing a change from a source of lucrative investment to a source of a relatively low but stable profit, such as profit-oriented real estate. This trend is likely to promote REITs market, which is a leading product for indirect investment. Until now, the REITs market has been growing slowly compared to a general housing market or financial markets. However, as the importance of risk management based on portfolio theories increases, stable profit generation of REITs can be effective in risk management. This study conducts an empirical analysis on how investment risks can be diversified by including REITs-a source of relatively stable profit in the equity market-in investment portfolio. The analysis results showed that, similar to food and beverage stocks of highly defensive nature, REITs has a relatively weak correlation with KOSPI that reflects the overall market performance. It also showed very low standard deviation in case of minimum variance portfolio. This suggests that including REITs in investment portfolio can be as effective as including food and beverage stocks for risk diversification. Due to uncertainties, investment always accompanies risks, and balancing potential profits and risks is essential.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Increasing the number of unicorn startups has recently received much attention. In this study, we attempt to investigate that startups achieving an extremely high valuation could postpone their exit to raise more investment and receive more benefits. This study tested the hypotheses using data from Crunchbase, World Bank, Global Competitiveness Report, and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Using 140 unicorn startups that have already exited through an initial public offering (IPO) or mergers and acquisitions (M&A), we find out that unicorn startups tend to acquire higher valuation as their investment duration increases. Furthermore, we also examined the moderating effects of governmental policy and institutional distance from foreign investors in order to consider the institutional aspects of startups. The results of the moderating variables show significant supports. We expect to provide a better understanding with respect to making an exit decision of unicorn startups. Furthermore, managers and investors need to acknowledge the institutional factors of startups when they decide to fund.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2021

In this study, the validity of the forest therapy process, in which forest activities using forest therapy factors lead to immunity promotion and health promotion, was analyzed theoretically and qualitatively to refine and systemize the forest therapy concept. Research and analysis data were collected from the websites of institutions related to forest therapy; 33 theses and 33 original research articles from 2000 to March 2020 were searched for forest therapy key words, as well as the prize winning work of the 2016 forest therapy experience essay. A word cloud was generated by frequency of nouns and adjectives and from the key words in the web pages, theses, articles, and the forest therapy experience essay. Through interpretation of word frequency, the systemic flow of forest therapy was defined. The results suggest that the source of forest therapy's power was a positive experience of the forest and an improved attitude toward nature as well as forest therapeutic factors. The therapeutic effect is maximized through the forest healing program, leading to physical and mental resilience and resistance; consequently, health and immunity are promoted. From this study, forest therapy is proposed as "a health promotion activity for the psychological, physical, and spiritual resilience of the subjects through various environmental factors of the forest, positive experiences, and attitudes toward the forest."

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2014

Tendencies such as the increasing spread of market globalization, new technological developments, the reduction of product life cycles and aggressive competition, are generating high levels of environmental changes and uncertainty for organizations of all types. these circumstances require rapid responses through adaptation of organizational attitudes and capabilities, which lead to innovative management approaches and organizational methods. Human resource management researchers have struggled to elaborate the underlying mechanism explaining how human resource systems relate to organizational performance after universalistic perspectives were supported by a majority of studies investigating the positive relationship between human resource management system and firm performance. To fill the void, hypotheses in this study predicted human resource flexibility that would mediate the relationship between human resource management system and firm performance. The research model among the variables in this study was as follows: These theoretical models were tested with a sample of 138 firms in Korea. The analysis of data was undertaken by using AMOS. The Summary of the verification results is follows: Firstly, most of human resource management system and human resource flexibility had positive effects on human resource performance Secondly, most of human resource management system and human resource flexibility had positive effects on firm's financial performance Thirdly, human resource flexibility had mediated the relationship between human resource management system and firm performance The results of the present research may be demonstrated that organizations or managers could achieve a high level of management practices that lead to firm performance by enabling human resource to be flexible through high performance human resource management system.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of 'K-POP' preference on purchase intention of Korean products. Especially, it revealed the mediating role between the participation intention of Korean culture event and the purchase intention of Korean products. Further, we examined the difference in the path relation according to the use-behavior of Korean wave contents. In this proposed model, we can see 'K-POP' preference had a positive effect on participation intention of Korean culture event, but it was not significant for purchase intention of common products. The participation in Korean culture event had significant effects on the purchase intention of Korean culture products and the purchase intention of common products. However, the purchase intention of Korean culture products had no significant effects on the purchase intention of common products. Thus, our finding showed that higher preference of 'K-POP' did not make cause purchase intention of common products. Further, the higher the preference of 'K-POP' was, the higher the participation intension of Korean culture event was and, as a result, the purchase intention of common products got higher. In addition, path analysis results according to the media usage behaviors show that Chinese consumer who uses the internet and has a higher preference of 'K-POP' had a positive effect on the purchase intention of common products. Furthermore, it has a positive effect on both purchase intension of Korean culture products and purchase intension of common products. In case of Chinese consumer who use the television, radio and newspapers, K-POP preference had no significant effect on the purchase intension of common products.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.3-24
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• 2017

The level of ICT in the country affects economic performance as a basic infrastructure that has a significant impact on the competitiveness of the country. With the proliferation of globalization, ICT-related economic activities such as electronic trade are becoming more active, and the importance of ICT in the country is increasing. This study sought to analyze the impact of ICT level on the economic performance of the nation by subdividing it into three dimensions: accessibility, usage, and utilization skill. In particular, we sought to find ways to effectively resolve the digital divide between developed and developing countries by analyzing the difference in economic impact of ICT level. Furthermore, we tried to verify whether the government regulation and firm's nature of competitive advantage in the international markets play a moderating role in the economic impacts of ICT in the country. As a result of panel analysis with data collected from ITU, WEF and World bank national ICT level has consistently significant influence on economic growth in terms of access and usage. In addition, it was confirmed that the competitive advantage of companies in developed countries and the government regulation in developing countries have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between ICT level and economic growth.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.76
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• pp.92-123
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• 2016

This paper aims to examine systematically how audiences' exposure to crime news influences their multicultural acceptability. In particular, the analysis has focused on how the variance in the effects of contacts with crime news on foreigners takes place, according to the types of media and communication favored among the audiences. Also, with perceived risk toward crime as a mediating variable, this research scrutinizes the way crime news on foreigners comes to influence multicultural acceptability among the audiences. While various news sources and communication channels are influential in strengthening the perceived possibility of crime on the individual level, the results show, television seems to be particularly more effective with regards to the perceived prevalence of crime on the social level (RQ 1). Also, while contacts with crime news through 'dialogic' media rarely influence multicultural acceptability significantly, 'discursive' media and face-to-face contacts have negative impacts on the multicultural acceptability (RQ 2). Consequently, perceived risk on the social level seems to play the role of full mediation in the process where audiences' contact with crime news through discursive media influences their multicultural acceptability (RQ 3). Based on these findings, both theoretical and practical implications were discussed.