• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2012

Objectives : Delirium is a disorder defined as a sudden disturbance in thinking, speaking, acting and sleep pattern due to altered level of consciousness and cognitive function. The objective of this study is to analyze characteristics and therapeutic methods of the delirious patients during the recent 5 years, and provide basic data for further studies and investigation regarding delirium in the occurrence and treatment. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 475 patients who were consulted for delirium in Kyunghee University Medical Center from January 2007 to December 2011. Results : During the 5 years, among the 475 patients who were diagnosed as delirium, men were more common(61.7%). The most commonly consulted reason and cause were sleep disturbance(80.8%) and post-operational delirium(30.9%), respectively. The medication prescription percentage was 76.6% and was significantly increased year after year. Ratio of using antipsychotics were 76.4% among prescribed medication and the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic drug was quetiapine(46.8%). Other specialists commonly misdiagnosed delirium when the patient was previously diagnosed as dementia(6.8%). Conclusions : In our study, post-operational delirium was the most commonly referred reason and the percentage of medication prescription tended to increase. Patients with history of dementia were more easily misdiagnosed as diseases other than delirium. Our study suggests that we should evaluate symptoms, causes, reasons of consultation, management tendency of delirium. We should also closely observe changes in sleep patterns and establish the prevention strategies for post-operational delirium and therapeutic bases for pharmacotherapy.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the etiology and risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in Korean children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Clinical information of children admitted with CAP to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) between January 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022, was retrospectively collected and analyzed. In addition, the etiologic diagnosis and demographic data of children with CAP who were discharged at the other seven hospitals between January and February 2022 were collected. Pneumonia was diagnosed using strict criteria comprising clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and chest radiographic findings. Results: Among 91 children hospitalized with CAP at SNUCH during the 14-month period, 68.4% were aged <5 years and 79.1% had underlying diseases. Among the 95 CAP cases, respiratory assistance was required in 70.5%, and the use of a ventilator was required in 20.0%. A total of five patients expired, all of whom were either immunocompromised or had underlying neurological diseases. Neurological diseases and immunosuppression were significantly correlated with respiratory assistance (P=0.003) and death (P=0.014). A total of 55% of the detected respiratory pathogens were viruses, the most common of which was rhinovirus at 35.9%. Among the 169 children hospitalized for CAP at the eight institutions, ≥1 respiratory virus was detected in 92.3%, among which respiratory syncytial virus (79.8%) was the most prevalent. Conclusions: Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean children were hospitalized with CAP caused by seasonal respiratory viral pathogens. Although atypical and pyogenic bacteria were not detected, continuous clinical monitoring and further prospective studies should be conducted.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.615-620
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• 2013

This research is a data analysis result of a future gout treatment was carried out in order to take advantage of basic data by Planned Population Federation of Korea in 2012, classified by gender. Using SPSS 18.0 analysis, frequency analysis, chi-squared analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted. As a result, there were exceptional number of male subjects that required hyperuricemia thorough complete examination, and in case of hypouricemia, it is notable to find much more female subjects (p<0.001). Subjects that required thorough complete examination per age group and hypouricemia were significantly higher in those above the age of 70 years(p<0.001). Conclusions that required hyperuricemia thorough complete examination were a bit higher in the city areas and hypouricemia was a bit higher in the county areas, hyperuricemia was a bit higher in ratio in inland areas and hypouricemia was a bit higher in ratio in the coastal areas. I believe that continuous observation of gout prevalence rate based on this research by year, age group, and gender, would be extremely useful in making decisions regarding the changing trend of gout prevalence rate. In addition, hyperuricemia increased in postmenopausal women, as well as research on the causes of hypouricemia study.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.306-323
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• 2001

종양발생에서 유전자 발현을 확인하고 profile 변화를 monitor하는 것은 병리학적 변화의 원인뿐 아니라 질병탐지와 진료의 새로운 목표를 확인하기 위한 새로운 기회를 제공해준다. cDNA microarray는 수천개의 유전자 발현을 동시에 연구할 수 있는 최신의 방법으로 피부, 유방, 간을 비롯한 다른 인체장기에서는 일부 이루어졌으나 array를 이용해 타액선 종양 연구에서는 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 인간의 타액선 세포의 악성형질전환을 조절하는 분자적 상태를 연구하기 위해 본 연구는 약 2,000개의 유전자가 print된 cDNA microarray를 이용하여 인간 타액선 도관상피세포주(HSG)와 악하선에서 기원한 미분화 선암종(SGT)간에 비교연구를 하였다. Cy3와 Cy5 dye로 각각의 세포주에서 얻은 RNA와 reciprocal hybridize시키고 GenePix 4000 scanner로 스캔하고 GenePix Pro로 분석한 후 log2로 평균발현비율을 전환시켜 최소 2배이상의 발현을 보이는 유전자를 분석대상으로 하였다. 90%이상의 유전자가 비슷한 발현을 보였으며 2배이상의 발현을 보이는 경우 HSG가 SGT에 비해 72개 유전자가, SGT가 HSG에 비해 111개의 유전자 발현이 up-regulation되어 총 10%미만의 발현차이를 보였고 반복된 hybridization 으로부터 얻은 선택된 spot의 Pearson 상관계수는 -0.85이였다. HSG에서는 6번 p 염색체에서 과발현되는 유전자가 가장 많았고, SGT에서는 11번 q 염색체에서 가장 많았는데 HSG에서는 SGT에 비해 9, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22염색체에서 과발현 되는 유전자 수가 많았고, SGT에서는 HSG에 비해 2, 7, 10, 15 염색체에서 유전자 발현 증가가 관찰되었다. HSG와 SGT간의 유전 발현을 기능별로 분석한 결과 몇 가지 주요 경로가 세포악성에 관련됨을 발견하였고, 타액선 도관상피세포에서 선암종을 구별하는데 기여하는 관련된 몇종의 과다 발현된 유전자를 찾았는데 전사인자, 성장인자 및 수용기, 세포골격 및 세포외기질 단백, 세포내 신호전달조절자 및 인자, 세포표면 항원등의 그룹으로 분류할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 microarray를 이용한 분자학적 표지자 연구가 악성 타액선 종양 발생과정에서 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 유전자 조절에 의한 진단, 예후, 치료에서의 정확성을 개선시킬 수 있으리라 여겨진다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.381-390
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• 2017

Lifestyle is an important variable to understand consumer behavior because it is a lifestyle that is common to all members of society or some members of society. so In this study, the survey has been performed on adult mobile game users over the age of 20 in Korea and China to evaluate the correlation between lifestyle and will of continuous use of game by mobile game users, and the hierarchical multiple regression analysis has been performed on the collected data by using the statistical package program SPSS 20.0. There were total 212 respondents with the gender ratio of 50:50, and 107 respondents were Korean, and 105 respondents were Chinese. As a result of study, first, regardless of lifestyle, more male and more Chinese respondents showed higher will of continuous use. Second, among mobile game user lifestyles, the challenge-oriented, trend-oriented, conservative, and ostentatious lifestyles could become significant causal variables for the will of continuous use of game. Yet, the influence of such lifestyle was not correlated with individual genders or nationalities. The result of this study will be provided as the basic data to establish the strategic solution for companies and government policies for entrance into the mobile game market of China in the future.

• 전기의세계
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1969

한전은 1968년 11월 3일 오전 10시 04분을 기하여 154KV 전계통의 직접접지방식 전환을 단행하였다. 종전의 P.C(소고선륜) 중성점접지방식을 직접접지방식으로 전환한것으로서 전력사상 특기 할 만한 근대화사업이며 다년간을 두고 추진해온 중요과제였다. 전력계통의 확대와 복잡화는 선진국가에서도 실시하고 있는 직접접지방식의 채택을 불가변하게 하였고 또한 1차 AID송배전차관도 이의 채택을 조건부로 승인되었던 것으로서 1968년 이후에 건설되는 송변전기기는 직접접지계에서만 운전할 수 있는 절연Level 650KV급이 도입되어 부산화력발전소 3호기가 준공되는 1968년 10월말까지는 직접접지전환이 반드시 이루어져야 하는 실정에 놓여 있었다. 그런데 직접접지방식의 단점인 인접통신선에 미치는 유도장해를 해결하는 문제가 다년간을 두고 진지하게 검토되어 왔으나 해결이 늦어지고 있었다. 사유는 154KV 계통에 인근된 통신선이라면 체신부, 내무부, 교통부, 국방부등 여러기관의 것이 있는데, 유도장해보안방법과 유도보상비문제에 대하여 전력측(상공부, 한전)과 통신측(상기의 체신부등)의 견해차가 해소되지 않기 때문이었다. 그것이 1968년 5월에 와서 전력.통신쌍방이 범국가적입장에서 제반애로를 무릅쓰고 최소한의 투자로 가능한 범위내의 보안책으로서 우선 Arrester 보안방식을 채택하기로 합의되어 경제장관회의를 거쳐 시공하기에 이른것이다. 이 란을 빌려 이 사업의 필요성과 경위및 통신선유도장해방지를 위한 보안방식내용을 간단히 소개함으로써 앞으로 이 분야의 항구적인 유도대책연구에 다소나마 참고가 된다면 다행으로 생각하겠다.면서 예측강우의 질이 저하되기 시작하였으나 QPM을 합성함으로써 생산한 BQPF는 보다 신뢰성있고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 향후 정량적 분포형강우 예측을 이용한 실시간 홍수유출 예측시 댐운영자는 리드타임(홍수선행시간)을 충분히 확보함으로서 안정적이고 예측 가능한 홍수조절을 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이와 같이 다양한 단기저수지 유입량의 예측정보 제공으로 다목적댐 저수지 운영모형의 효용성을 제고하여 향후 실제 저수지 유입량 예측에 이용함으로써 저수지 단기운영효율 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.다. 이것은 여름철 강수량이 증가하고, 호우발생빈도, 특히 8월의 강수일수가 증가하고 있다는 것과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 여름과 가을에 우리나라에 영향을 미치는 태풍의 수는 뚜렷한 추세를 보이지 않으나, 2002년 루사, 2003년 매미로 인하여 각각 6조원, 4조원 이상의 막대한 피해가 발생하였다. 태풍에 의한 피해액은 GDP 대비 약 0.9%(태풍 루사)로 최근 경제상장률과 비교해 보면, 상당한 비율을 차지한다. 우리나라에 영향을 미치는 태풍은 연근해의 해수면 온도가 높아지면 세기가 강해질 가능성이 높다. 폭설과 한파일수도 평년대비 최근 10년 감소하였고 일최저기온이 영하 $10^{\circ}C$ 이하인 날도 연간 발생일수가 감소하였다. 최근 10년간 우리나라 기후의 변화특성은 기온상승과 더불어 서리종료일이 앞당겨지고 열대야가 증가하고 폭설, 한파, 겨울철 일최저기온 영하 10도 이하인 날의 감소 등이 나타나고, 여름철 재해의 원인인 호우일수는 증가하는 추세이다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1994

Garbage composting was studied in a controlled batch reactor with the addition of cooked rice as a biodegradable carbon source to find the effect of C/N ratio control on composting. And composting of bulking agents such as sawdust and wheat straw were tested with the addition of ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source. As expected, biodegradation of the garbage having low C/N ratio was improved to some extent when foreign carbon was added. But bulking agents used in this study exerted slightly biodegradable carbon potential, indicating that the estimation of the dose of additional carbon considering desirable C/N ratio was not reasonable when lignocellulosic bulking material was added to garbage. It was found that the optimum moisture content increased with sawdust addition meaning the C/N ratio increment. Considering the above results, it was suggested that 78g sawdust per 100g garbage should be mixed to make C/N ratio to 25 and moisture content to 56% for effective composting of the garbage studied in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2008

The data on pesticide poisoning death toll during 2000-2005 was obtained from Korean National Statistical Office and analysed to find out any precautionary measures against pesticide poisonings. Pesticide poisoning death toll showed slightly increasing trend with year up to about 3500 in 2005. Most of the pesticide poisoning death cases were intentional self-poisoning accounting for more than 80% of total pesticide poisoning death. The pesticide most often implicated in poisoning death were paraquat dichloride, a non-selective herbicide and organophosphate/carbamate insecticides. The regional distribution of pesticide poisoning death showed urban 21.6% and rural area 78.4%. As for the occupation of the dead, agricultural, forestry and fishery workers accounted for 27.4% and non-agricultural workers was 72.6% of pesticide poisoning death. Therefore, government need to take some precautionary measures to reduce the number of pesticide poisoning cases. It is strongly recommended that pesticide regulatory authorities encourage and train the agricultural workers to use safe storage boxes and enforce strict regulation for the prevention for the prevention of highly toxic pesticides sales to non-agricultural workers.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.3 s.114
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• pp.283-300
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• 2006

Gaesung city of North Korea is meaningful because of the development of Gaesung industrial complex as a peace-building project and economical cooperation works between South Korea and North Korea. This article presents the characteristics of natural landscape of Gaesung through geographical names. This research was studied by literature analysis of North Korea, depth interview of North Korean labour and refugees, and second times fieldwork. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the mountain landscape of Geasung revealed on geographical names characterized mountainousness and round shape. Especially, the places where are enclosed by mountain and streams are foggy and rocky. Next the landscape of stream characterizes sandy, unstable, and tidal river. Thirdly the fauna and flora which are reflected on geographical names are hawk, snake, tiger, homed owl, snapping turtle, chestnut tree, pine tree, pear tree, zelkova tree, and willow etcetera. The environmental conditions of habitation of these are similar to the natural environment of Gaesung. Besides, the geographical names related to soil distributed in northern mountain area of Geasung. The place names implicated cliff located on the riverside. In addition to this, the geographical name of 'Bul' implicated plain distributed in the riverside of 'Seoam' which a branch stream of 'Sacheo'. And the place names related rock located in place enclosed by mountain, river, and village. In cnclusion, Gaesung is more important to us as the Gaesung industrial complex and tourism development. But the fundamental research on Gaesung is a few because Gaesung belongs to North Korea. Therefore, this research will be useful for the control and management of Gaesung in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.169-175
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the relative economic benefits between the septic tank and exclusive sewage pipe line in designing the large building at combined sewer districts. With the case study of Lotte World Tower Building, we analyze a cost-benefit between two alternatives. The research results showed 2 years of payback period, about ￦6.17 billion of NPV, and 1.93 of B/C ratio for installing the exclusive sewage pipe line in comparison with septic tank. This results provide useful guidelines for policy establishment of the septic tank closure and for plausibility of installing exclusive sewage pipe line when constructing a large building. In the future, it will be necessary to consider additional cost-benefit analysis including burden charge borne by causers, the burden of management responsibility with a exclusive sewage pipe line, and the economic benefits of reducing odor.