• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1958-1962
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• 2005

A driver's emotion is a very important factor of safe driving. This paper classified a driver's emotion into 3 major emotions, can be occur when driving a car: Surprise, Joy, Tired. And It evaluated the classifier using Hidden Markov Models, which have observation sequence as bio-signals. It used the 2-D emotional plane to classfiy a human's general emotion state. The 2-D emotional plane has 2 axes of pleasure-displeasure and arsual-relaxztion. The used bio-signals are Galvanic Skin Response(GSR) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV), which are easy to acquire and reliable. We classified several moving pictures into 3 major emotions to evaluate our HMM system. As a result of driving simulations for each emotional situations, we can get recognition rates of 67% for surprise, 58% for joy and 52% for tired.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4677-4684
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• 2010

In this study, the safety of passenger could be investigated by the analysis of car body to absorb he shock onto automotive door. The damage at door happens because of the collision of automotive door or parking accident due to the carelessness of driver. This door was modelled by CATIA program. The damage process of this model by impact was analyzed and investigated through ANSYS program. The contours of equivalent stress and strain were obtained. It can be known how damage of door becomes under impact and this study result can be thought to contribute for the design of door considering impact safety.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.601-605
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• 2009

Due to the fact that fish-eye lens can provide super wide angles with the minimum number of cameras, field-of-view over 180 degrees, many vehicles are attempting to mount the camera system. Camera calibration should be preceded, and geometrical correction on the radial distortion is needed to provide the images for the driver's assistance. However, vehicle fish-eye cameras have diagonal output images rather than circular images and have asymmetric distortion beyond the horizontal angle. In this paper, we introduce a camera model and metric calibration method for vehicle cameras which uses feature points of the image. And undistort the input image through a perspective projection, where straight lines should appear straight. The method fitted vehicle fish-eye lens with different field of views.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

In the vehicle design, the research on driving posture has stood out as one of the important issues. Recently, the research on 3D human modeling focused on more exact implementation of real driving posture. However, prediction of driving posture through the 3D human modeling fail to reflect on the model the phenomenon called sagging, which refers to the retraction or shrinking of the torso while driving. 30 male subjects participated in the experiment where total subjects were divided into four groups according to height percentile(under 50%ile, 51%ile to 75%ile, 76%ile to 95%ile, over 95%ile). The independent variables were seat back angle(4 levels) and seat pan angle(2 levels). The dependent variable was capacity or the degree of retraction of the torso. First this study measured the sagging capacity by using a paired T-test between erect and retracted posture. Secondly it was tried to find out significant anthropometric variables that were statistically correlated by the analysis of correlation. Finally, a prediction model was derived which explains the capacity of sagging.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.201-209
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• 2003

Virtual human models are widely used to save time and expense in vehicle safety studies. A human model is an essential tool to visualize and simulate a vehicle driver in virtual environments. This research is focused on creation and application of a human model fer virtual reality. The Korean anthropometric data published are selected to determine basic human model dimensions. These data are applied to GEBOD, a human body data generation program, which computes the body segment geometry, mass properties, joints locations and mechanical properties. The human model was constituted using MADYMO based on data from GEBOD. Frontal crash and bump passing test were simulated and the driver's motion data calculated were transmitted into the virtual environment. The human model was organized into scene graphs and its motion was visualized by virtual reality techniques including OpenGL Performer. The human model can be controlled by an arm master to test driver's behavior in the virtual environment.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06e
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• pp.381-384
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• 1998

본 논문은 주행중인 자동차 환경에서 운전자의 안전성 및 편의성의 동시 확보를 위하여, 보조적인 스위치 조작없이 상시 음성의 입, 출력이 가능하도록 한다. 이때 잡음에 강인한 threshold 값을 구하기 위하여, 일정한 시간마다 기준 에너지와 영교차율(Zero Crossing Rate)을 변경하며, 밴드패스 필터(bandpass filter)를 이용하여 1차, 2차로 나누어 실시간 상태에서 자동으로, 정확하게 끝점검출(End Point Detection)을 처리한다. 기준패턴(reference pattern)은 DMS(Dynamic Multi-Section)을 사용하며, 화자의 변별력을 높이기 위하여 2개의 모델사용을 제안한다. 또한 주행중인 차량의 잡음환경에 강인하기 위하여 일반주행(80km/h 이내), 고속주행(80km/h 이상)등으로 나누며 차량의 가변잡음 크기에 따라 자동으로 선택하도록 한다. 음성의 특징 벡터와 인식 알고리즘은 PLP 13차와 One-Stage Dynamic Programming (OSDP)를 이용한다. 실험결과, 자주 사용되는 차량 편의장치 제어명령 33개에 대하여 중부, 영동 고속도로(시속 80Km/h 이상)에서 화자독립 89.75%, 화자종속 90.08%의 인식율을 구하였으며, 경부 고속도로에서는 화자독립 92.29%, 화자종속 92.42%의 인식율을 구하였다. 그리고 저속 주행중인 자동차 환경(80km/h 이내, 시멘트, 아스팔트 등의 서울시내 및 시외독립)에서는 화자독립 92.89%, 화자종속 94.44% 인식율을 구하였다.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.164-173
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• 2009

Automotive systems have tended to be equipped with many electronic contents to satisfy safety, comport, convenience, and entertainment services over the past years. As a result, the amount of vehicle embedded software in electrical/electronic(E/E) systems is steadily increasing to manage these requirements. This leads to the traditional, document-based software development in the vehicle embedded systems being increasingly displaced by a model-based development in order to reduce software development time and cost. Due to the application of model-based development, a great evolution is being realized in the aspect of efficiency, but the development is being made without sufficient testing. So, erroneous automotive embedded software may cause serious problems such as car accidents which relate to human safety. Therefore, efficient methods for model-based test and validation are needed to improve software reliability in the stage of embedded software development. This paper presents the model-based development and test method for AUTOSAR embedded software to improve its reliability and safety, and it is demonstrated based on the case study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.7 s.112
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• pp.754-761
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• 2006

This paper presents the dynamic characteristics of MR impact damper for vehicle collision system. Various types of mechanism have been proposed to reduce force transmitted to the vehicle chassis and finally to protect occupants from injury. In the case of head-on collision, the bumper makes main role of isolation material for collision attenuation. In this study, the proposed bumper system consists of MR impact damper and structures. The MR impact damper utilizes MR fluid which has reversible properties with applied magnetic field. The MR fluid operates under flow mode. The bellows is used for generation of fluid flow. A mathematical model of the MR impact damper is derived incorporating with Bingham model of the MR fluid. Field dependent damping force is investigated with time and frequency domain. The MR impact damper is then incorporated with vehicle crash system. The governing equation of motion of vehicle model is formulated considering occupant model. Dynamic characteristics of vehicle collision system investigated with computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.147-152
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• 2006

This paper presents the dynamic characteristics of MR impact damper for vehicle collision system. Various types of mechanism have been proposed for reduce transmitted force to vehicle chassis and finally protect occupants from injury. In the case of frontal collision, the bumper make main role of isolation material for collision attenuation. In this study, proposed bumper system composed of MR impact damper and structures. The MR impact damper is to adopted MR fluid which has reversible properties with applied magnetic field. MR fluid operates under flow mode with Bingham flow and bellows is used for generation of fluid flow. Mathematical model of MR impact damper incorporated with MR fluid is established. Field dependent damping force is investigated with time and frequency domain. The MR impact damper is then incorporated with vehicle crash system. The governing equation of motion of vehicle model is formulated considering occupant model. Dynamic characteristics of vehicle collision system investigated with computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.709-712
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• 2009

대부분의 고속도로 안개경고시스템은 시정측정을 위해 고가의 광학센서를 사용하고 있으나 운전자의 시정감각과 유사하면서도 비교적 저가인 CCTV를 이용한 시정측정에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 CCTV를 이용한 시정측정 방법은 ROI를 기반으로 하고 있어 설치가 까다롭고 기존 CCTV를 활용하기 어렵다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고속도로상의 안개경고는 약 1~2Km이내의 시정일 때 발생되며, 눈으로 물체를 식별할 수 있는 최대거리가 시정이라는 기초적인 개념에 근거하여 고속도로 안개경고시스템에 사용될 수 있는 Non-ROI 기반의 실시간 CCTV 시정측정 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 고속도로상에 주행중인 차량의 실시간 이동영역과 가시선을 검출하고 카메라와 도로간의 상관관계를 나타내는 도로모델을 이용하여 시정측정을 수행하는 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 방법은 1~2Km 이내의 시정측정을 위한 방법으로 ROI가 필요없고 직관적이고 현실적인 주야간 시정측정이 가능하며 기존의 고속도로 CCTV에 바로 적용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.