• 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.141-156
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• 1998

In the previous studies, some characteristics of flaccid dysarthria patients have been studied mainly in two aspects: their difficulties in articulation and their metrical dysfunction. Therapeutic research on the articulation impediment of the patients have been carried out extensively (Yorkston, 1981). However, their phonetic characteristics have been less well-studied. The aim of this paper is to measure and describe some phonetic differences between the normal speaker group (six speakers) and the flaccid dysarthria patient group (six speakers in three different degreed of severity). Two types of short sentences comprising of subject-object-verb, i.e. declarative and yes-no question sentences, were recorded to investigate some phonetic characteristics of these two groups of speakers. The two groups (normal group vs. patient group) show differences in yes-no question boundary tone (H% vs. HL%), pitch range (wide vs. narrow), duration (short vs. long) and intensity (strong vs. weak) of sentence final verb endings in Korean.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

This study investigated speech rate and intonation slope (least square method; F0, quarter-tone) in normal and CI children's utterances. Each group consisted of 12 people and were divided into groups of children with CI operation (before 3;00), children with CI operation (after 3;00), and normal children. Materials are composed of four kinds of grammatical dialogue sentences which are lacking in respect. Given three groups as independent variables and both speech rate and intonation slope as dependent variables, a one-way ANOVA showed that normal children had faster speech rates and steeper intonation slopes than those of the CI group. More specifically, there was a statistically significant speech rate difference between normal and CI children in all of the sentential patterns but imperative form (p<.01). Additionally, F0 and qtone slope observed in sentential final word showed a significant statistical difference between normal and CI children in imperative form (f0: p<.01; q-tone: p<.05).

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 5월 학술대회지
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

The aim of this paper is to analyze the phonetic features for disguised voice. In this paper we examined the features such as phonation types, pitch range, speech rate, intonation type and boundary tones etc. So the result of the analysis is as follows. : $\circled1$ Phonation types are very important manner of disguised voice for male subjects. $\circled2$ Pitch range and average of pitch value is very important cue for speaker verification. $\circled3$ pitch contour, speech rate and boundary tones can be a secondary cue for speaker verification.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.87-90
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to investigate the prosodic characteristics of Korean distant speech. 36 2-syllable words of 4 speakers (2 males and 2 females) produced in both distant-talking and normal environments were used. The results showed that ratios of second syllable to first syllable in vowel duration and vowel energy were significantly larger in the distant-talking environment compared to the normal environment and f0 range also bigger in the distant-talking environment. In addition, 'HL%' contour boundary tone in the second syllable and/or 'L +H' contour tone in the first syllable were used in the distant-talking environment.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2003

본 논문에서 음성신호를 사용하여 인간의 감정를 인식하기 위한 특징 파라메터 비교에 관하여 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 여러 가지 감정 상태에 따라 분류된 한국어 음성 데이터 베이스를 이용하여 얻어진 음성 신호의 피치와 에너지의 평균, 표준편차와 최대 값 등 통계적인 정보 나타내는 파라메터와 음소의 특성을 나타내는 MFCC 파라메터가 사용되었다. 파라메터들의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 문장 및 화자 독립 감정 인식 시스템을 구현하여 인식 실험을 수행하였다. 성능 평가를 위한 실험에서는 운율적 특징으로 피치와 에너지와 각각의 미분 값을 사용하였고, 음소의 특성을 나타내는 특징으로 MFCC와 그 미분 값을 사용하였다. 벡터 양자화 방법을 사용한 화자 및 문장 독립 인식 시스템을 사용한 실험 결과에서 MFCC와 델타 MFCC를 사용한 경우가 피치와 에너지를 사용한 방법보다 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.771-774
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• 2013

본 연구는 감정상태와 음색특성의 관계를 확인하고, 추가로 cepstral 피쳐와 조합하여 감정인식을 진행하였다. Open quotient, harmonic-to-noise ratio, spectral tilt, spectral sharpness를 포함하는 특징들을 음색검출을 위해 적용하였고, 일반적으로 사용되는 피치와 에너지를 기반한 운율피쳐를 적용하였다. ANOVA분석을 통해 각 특징벡터의 유효성을 살펴보고, sequential forward selection 방법을 적용하여 최종 감정인식 성능을 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 제안된 피쳐들으로부터 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인하였고, 특히 화남과 기쁨에 대하여 에러가 줄어드는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 음색관련 피쳐들이 cepstral 피쳐와 결합할 경우 역시 인식 성능이 향상되었다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2002년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제21권 1호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2002

화자인식에 사용하는 파라미터는 화자의 특징을 충분히 표현함과 더불어 발성 시마다 변동이 작은 것이 바람직하다. 즉, 파라미터의 화자내의 변이보다 화자간의 변이가 큰 특성을 가져야 화자간의 구분이 용이하다. 또한, 화자간 오류를 최소화하기 위해 화자간 구별이 뚜렷한 특징 파라미터뿐만 아니라 분별력이 뛰어난 인식방법도 필요하다. 최근의 실험결과들을 살펴보면 발성기관에 의한 정적인 특징뿐 아니라, 발성습관에 의한 동적인 특징을 같이 이용함으로써 보다 정확한 인식결과를 얻고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 다음과 같이 제안한다. 음성의 특징벡터로 운율정보 사용을 제안한다 현재 화자인식 시스템에서 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 특징벡터는 스펙트럼 정보를 모델링하고 있는 것으로 비잡음 환경에서 종은 성능을 보이고 있다. 그러나 잡음 환경변화에 크게 왜곡되며 인식율이 현저하게 저하되는 문제점이 나타난다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 음성의 동적 변화를 측정할 수 있는 세그먼트로 분할한 피치열을 변경하여 인식의 특징패턴으로 사용한다. 이는 문장의 운율정보를 보여주는 것으로 소음환경에서 강인한 특성을 보였다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제37호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1999

The prosodic characteristics of Korean particles in read speech were examined in this paper based on K-ToBI labeling system in order to see whether they are prosodically weak form like functions words in English. Acoustic measurements and statistical analysis were done focusing on the distribution of particles over a variety of prosodic positions, prosodic positional effects on the phonetic realization of particles, and acoustic strength of particles compared to those of their surrounding syllables. The panicles were distributed rather equally over all 4 prosodic positions with the highest frequency at IP-medial/AP-final position and the lowest at IP-medial/AP-medial position except that topic marker 'Un/nUn' showed preference for IP-final/AP-final position. There was a significant prosodic positional effect on the duration and F0 of the particles. Duration was the longest at IP-final/AP-final position and interestingly, at IP-medial/AP-medial position while F0 was the highest at IP-final/AP-medial Position as expected. The comparison of the acoustic properties of the particles with those of neighbor syllables showed that duration was generally significantly longer and energy also showed larger values, if not significant, in particles suggesting that the particles in Korean are not prosodically weaker like function words in English.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2010

This study provides a description of the glottal characteristics of the word-initial low vowels /a, $\ae$/ in terms of a set of acoustic parameters and discusses glottal configuration as their acoustic correlates. Furthermore, it examines the effect of prosodic boundary on the glottal properties of the vowels, seeking an account of the possible role of prosodic structure based on prosodic theory. Acoustic parameters reported to indicate glottal characteristics were obtained from the measurements made directly from the speech spectrum on recordings of Korean and English collected from 45 speakers. They consist of two separate groups of native Korean and native English speakers, each including both male and female speakers. Based on the three acoustic parameters of open quotient (OQ), first-formant bandwidth (B1), and spectral tilt (ST), comparisons were made between the speech of males and females, between the speech of native Korean and native English speakers, and between Korean and English produced by native Korean speakers. Acoustic analysis of the experimental data indicates that some or all glottal parameters play a crucial role in differentiating the speech groups, despite substantial interspeaker variations. Statistical analysis of the Korean data indicates prosodic strengthening with respect to the acoustic parameters B1 and OQ, suggesting acoustic enhancement in terms of the degree of glottal abduction and the glottal closure during a vibratory cycle.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제65호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to compare ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) children with normal children in terms of the prosodic features. Materials are collected by the reading of Korean read sentences. They are composed of 10 declarative sentences, each of which was consisted of 5-6 words. Subjects are consisted of 10 ASD and 10 normal male children with a receptive vocabulary age of 5;0-6;5 years. We found out that both groups showed the differences not only in the tonal patterns at the end of the prosodic phrases, but also in both the degree of rising and falling slope related to pitch contour. While HL% and HLH% were highly emerged in sentence final position in normal group, HL% and HLH% were prominent in ASD group in the same position. LH% and LHL% IP types were observed only in ASD group in sentence medial position. The slope showing the variation in the fundamental frequency at the end of the prosodic phrase was twice as steep in the group of ASD children as in the group of normal children.