• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

문장 안에서 새로운 정보를 닫고 있는 초점이 실제 말소리에서 드러나는 특징을 연구하였다. 초점과 초점 주변의 초분절소(suprasegmental, 강세, 길이, 성조)를 분석한 결과, 초점 보다 초점 앞의 강세구 길이가 크게 늘어나는 것을 관찰하였는데, 이때 강세구 전체 길이 보다 마지막 음절의 길이가 두드러지게 길게 발음되었다. 또한, 초점 앞에서 문장 단위의 끊어 읽기가 나타나는 것을 발견하였다. 인구어와는 달리 초점에 강세를 동반한다는 특징을 찾아볼 수는 없었다.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2001

In this paper prosodic characteristics of French language are analysed with a corpus of radio interview. Intonation patterns are interpreted in terms of raising pattern, focal raising pattern and falling pattern. Accentual prominence is classified in two types, rhythmic accent and focal accent. Focal accent permit to explain the cohesion in a utterance or between two utterances. As a prosodic variable of discourse pauses are described by their form of realization (filled pause, silent pause, hesitation etc), their distribution and their function in utterance.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.289-292
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• 2002

국어에서 wh-단어가 포함된 의문사 의문문과 부정사 의문문은 통사적으로 같은 구조를 가지지만 의미적으로는 중의 관계에 있다. 그러나 두 의문문은 문장으로 발화될 때 음성적으로 서로 다른 여러 가지 운율 특징의 차이를 보여줌으로써, 발화 차원에서는 더 이상 중의 관계를 유지하지 않는다. 본고에서는 이러한 중의성의 해소는 두 의문문의 초점이 달리 실현되기 때문이라고 본다. 기존의 연구에서는 두 가지 의문문의 억양 연구를 초점의 작용 범위와 문말 억양의 차이, 강세구 형성의 유형을 중심으로 고찰하였다 .그리고 의문사와 부정사의 의미는, 이에 후행하는 서술어와 형성하는 강세구 유형에서 우선적으로 그 의미가 구분될 수 있다고 보았다. 그러나, 본고에서는 국어의 wh-단어가 초점으로서 작용하는 운율적 돋들림을 좀더 다양한 환경에서 실험하였다. 그리고 의문사${\cdot}$부정사와 후행하는 언어단위의 강세구 형성(accentual phrasing) 유형, 의문사${\cdot}$부정사 의문문 전체 문장 억양의 실현 양상, wh-단어 자체의 음의 높낮이(pitch contour) 실현 유형, 문말 억양(boundary tone)에서 음의 높낮이를 대상으로 분석하였다.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2002

The prosody can play a crucial role in differentiating ambiguous sentences to correctly reflect their intended syntactic structures. In what way do the speakers in Tokyo and Sendai dialects of Japanese use prosodic elements to differentiate syntactic ambiguities? Acoustic measurement was made of utterances of ambiguous sentences in Japanese to observe prosodic strategies for disambiguation. Materials were sentences of the type ADV-VP1-NP-VP2, ADV-NP1-NP2-VP2, where the ambiguity lies in locative adverbial modification, ADV modifying either VP1 or VP2. For this construction the Japanese create the same ambiguities. After defining the depth of a syntactic boundary, F0 of the phrase before and after the boundary, and duration of the syllable and pause before the boundary were measured. The results show that Tokyo dialects speakers use F0 after syntactic boundary, and Sendai dialects speakers use of the syllable and/or pause before the boundary.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.83-101
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to provide a learning method of prosodic rhythm for Taegu North Kyungsang Korean speakers to learn French rhythm more effectively. The rhythmic properties of spoken French and Taegu North Kyungsang Korean dialect are different from each other. Therefore, we try to provide a basic rhythmic model of the two languages by dividing into three parts: syllable, rhythmic unit and accent, and intonation. To do so, we recorded French of Taegu Kyungsang Korean speakers, and then analysed and compared the rhythmic properties of Korean and French by spectrograph. We tried to find rhythmic mistakes in their French pronunciation, and then established a learning model to modify them. After training with the CSL Macro learning model, we observed the output result. However, although learners understand the method we have proposed, an effective method which is possible by repeating practice must be arranged to be actually used in direct verbal communications in a well-developed learning programme. Hence, this study may play an important role at the level of preparation in the setting of an effective rhythmic learning programme.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.7
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• pp.59-68
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• 1998

This paper is to develop an algorithm for the unlimited korean speech synthesis. We present the results controlled of prosodic factors with isolated words as aynthesis basis unit int he time domain. With a new pitch-synchronous and parametric speech synthesis mehtod in the time domain here we mainly present the results of controlled prosody factors such a spitch periods, energy envelops and durations and the evaluaton of synthetic speech qualities. In the case of synthesis, it is possible ot synthesize connected words by controlling of a continuous unified prosody that makes to improve the naturalities. In the results of experiment, it also has been to be improved uncontinuities of pitch and zeroing of energy in the junction parts of speech waveforms. Specially it has been to be possible to synthesize speeches with unlimitted durations and tones. So on it makes the noisiness and the clearness better by improving the degradation effects from the phase distortion due to the discontinuities in the waveform connection parts.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.111-117
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• 1993

강세간 음절이 증가되는데 따른 시간의 증가비율을 알아보기 위해 남녀 및 연령으로 구분되는 4그룹을 선정하여, 증가되는 음절의 마지막 낱말이 각각 '이(V)', '도(CV)', '썽(CVC)'으로 구분되는 자료를 이용하였다. 결과적으로 나온 한국어의 강세간 음절증가에 따른 시간의 증가비율의 모습은 젊은층에서는 음절시간언어에 가까운 모습을 나타내며 이에 반해 장년층은 강세시간언어의 모습을 보여준다. 두 그룹을 하나로 통합한 결과는 음절시간언어와 강세시간 언어의 중간적 양상 즉 그리이스어와 가까운 모습으로 나타난다.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.331-353
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• 2012

People frequently exchange their message or information. In recent years, as the communication means are getting various, many new words are made and changing. Remarkably, a noun 'Wanjeon' in Korean is using as an adverb in real life. Therefore, first, this paper attempted to review the adverbialization of 'Wanjeon' on the analysis of written and spoken corpus in Korean and Japanese. Second, it considered the morphological and syntactical difference between 'Wanjeon' and 'Wanjeonhi' in Korean with the contrast with Japanese 'Kanzen' and 'Kanzenni'. Third, it reviewed what semantic difference are made when 'Wanjeon' and 'Wanjeonhi' are substituted also with the contrast with Japanese.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3992-3998
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• 2013

This paper is related to the method of adding a emotional speech corpus to a high-quality large corpus based speech synthesizer, and generating various synthesized speech. We made the emotional speech corpus as a form which can be used in waveform concatenated speech synthesizer, and have implemented the speech synthesizer that can be generated various synthesized speech through the same synthetic unit selection process of normal speech synthesizer. We used a markup language for emotional input text. Emotional speech is generated when the input text is matched as much as the length of intonation phrase in emotional speech corpus, but in the other case normal speech is generated. The BIs(Break Index) of emotional speech is more irregular than normal speech. Therefore, it becomes difficult to use the BIs generated in a synthesizer as it is. In order to solve this problem we applied the Variable Break[3] modeling. We used the Japanese speech synthesizer for experiment. As a result we obtained the natural emotional synthesized speech using the break prediction module for normal speech synthesize.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.186-191
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• 2006

The perception of English labial consonants was investigated via experiment where 40 Korean EFL learners identified nonwords with the target labial consonants [p, b, f, v] in 4 different prosodic locations: initial onset position, intervocalic position before stress, intervocalic position after stress, and final coda position. The overall result showed that the proportion of perception accuracy of the target consonants was rather low, amounting to only 55%. There was also a positional effect since the accuracy rates for perceiving the four target consonants differed by position. Specifically, the average accuracy rate of the target consonant identification was higher in intervocalic position before stress (70%) and initial onset position (67%) than in intervocalic position after stress (45%) and final coda position (36%). Further, the accuracy rate for [f] is was high in all prosodic locations except intervocalic position after stress. The perception patterns were accounted for by the markedness and perceptual factors in conjunction with stress location.