• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a physical allergy, sometimes severe, triggered by exertion following specific food intake. It was defined for the first time in 1980. EIA is associated with different kinds of exercise. The clinical manifestations progress from itching, erythema and urticaria to some combination of cutaneous angioedema and vascular collapse. Mast cell participation in the pathogenesis of this syndrome has been proved by the findings of an elevated serum histamine level during exhaustive exercise. As predisposing factors of EIA, a specific or even nonspecific sensitivity to food has been reported. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a distinct form of food allergy induced by physical exercise. It is typified by the onset of anaphylaxis during exercise which was preceded by the ingestion of the causal food allergens. The diagnosis of FDEIA is heavily dependent on clinical history. Allergy tests may need to be performed using a broad panel of food and food additives. As with food allergies, FDEIA diagnosis is based on interview, biological test and skin test. Prophylaxis aims to prevent a recurrence; the patient should be given an emergency kit to deal with any recurrent episodes. After the food allergen has been identified, it should be avoided for at least 4 to 5 hours before any exercise. Two cases of EIA are presented (EIA to circumstances; FDEIA) in this paper, The diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapy of FDEIA are also reviewed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1995

Background: Exercise is one of the most common precipitants of acute asthma encountered in clinical practice. The development of airflow limitation that occurs several minutes after vigorous exercise, i. g. exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB), has been shown to be closely correlated with the nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the hallmark of bronchial asthma. All previous reports that assessed the correlation of EIB to nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness have focused on airway sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to inhaled bronchoconstrictor such as methacholine or histamine. However, maximal airway narrowing(MAN), reflecting the extent to which the airways can narrow, when being exposed to high dose of inhaled stimuli, has not been studied in relation to the degree of EIB. Methods: Fifty-six children with mild asthma(41 boys and 15 girls), aged 6 to 15 years(mean${\pm}$SD, $9.9{\pm}2.5$ years) completed this study. Subjects attended the laboratory on two consecutive days. Each subject performed the high-dose methacholine inhalation test at 4 p.m. on the first day. The dose-response curves were characterized by their position($PC_{20}$) and MAN, which was defined as maximal response plateau(MRP: when two or three data points of the highest concentrations fell within a 5% response range) or the last of the data points(when a plateau could not be measured). On the next day, exercise challenge, free running outdoors for ten minutes, was performed at 9 a.m.. $FEV_1$ was measured at graduated intervals, 3 to 10 minutes apart, until 60 minutes after exercise. Response(the maximal ${\triangle}FEV_1$ from the pre-exercise value) was classified arbitrarily into three groups; no response((-) EIB: ${\triangle}FEV_1$<10%), equivocal response ($({\pm})$EIB:10%<${\triangle}FEV_1$<20%) and definite response($({\pm})$EIB:${\triangle}FEV_1$>20%). Results: 1) When geometric mean $PC_{20}$ of the three groups were compared, $PC_{20}$ of (+) EIB group was significantly lower than that of (-)EIB group. 2) There was a close correlation between $PC_{20}$ and the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=-0.568, p<0.01). 3) Of the total 56 subjects, MRP could be measured in 36 subjects, and the MRP of these subjects correlated fairly with the severity of EIB(r=0.355, p<0.05) 4) The MAN of (+) EIB group was significantly higher than that of (-)EIB group(p<0.01). 5) The MAN correlated well with the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=0.546, p<0.01). Conclusion: The degree of MAN as well as bronchial sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to methacholine is correlated well with the severity of EIB. The results suggest that the two main components of airway hyperresponsiveness may be equally important determinants of exercise reactivity, although the mechanism may be different from each other. The present study also provides further evidence that EIB is a manifestation of the increased airway reactivity characteristic of bronchial asthma.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2010

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is defined as the onset of allergic symptoms during, or immediately after, exercise, the clinical signs being various degrees of urticaria, angioedema, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, and even anaphylactic shock. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a specific variant of exercise-induced anaphylaxis that requires both vigorous physical activity and the ingestion of specific foods within the preceding several hours. To describe the physiopathologic mechanism, etiologic factors, and clinical manifestations, we evaluated the supplementation of vitamin C and catalase on spleen index, proliferation assay, ROS, and ASAS in sensitized and exercise trained mice. The results were as follows: Spleen index showed the highest level in the ST12 group compared to other groups; this level increased in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. In proliferation assay of Med and OVA, the ST12 group showed the highest level compared to other groups; this level also increased in a time dependent manner. On the other hand, spleen ROS did not show a statistically significant difference, and peritoneal ROS showed the highest level in the ST12 group. ASAS showed the highest level in the ST12 compared to the S; this was also in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. From the results, we chose the ST9 and ST12 groups to evaluate allergy anaphylaxis with supplementation of Vitamin C and catalase. In both the ST9 and ST12 groups, peritoneal ROS and ASAS were lower in vitamin C treatment group than in the catalase treatment group. This was a statistically significant difference. From the results, allergy anaphylaxis showed a higher level in the long trained group than in the short trained group. Also, treatment with vitamin C was more effective in lowering allergy anaphylaxis than catalase treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2000

Background: Exercise is a very common precipitant of asthma. Bronche-constriction associated with exercise can occur in 75~90% of individuals with asthma The estimated prevalence(30~85%) of gastroesophageal reflux(GER) in patients with asthma is significantly higher than in general population. We performed pH monitoring during the exercise in order to evaluate whether exercise induced asthma(EIA) could be related to GER and acid reflux-induced esophagobronchial reflex-mediated bronchospasm might be a factor for EIA. Method: Following an overnight fast, 18 patients with a suspected EIA(6 men, 12 women) were studied. Monitoring of intraesophageal pH, ECG and spirometry was done for 1 hour before treadmill exercise. After baseline monitoring, subjects underwent symptom-limited treadmill exercise with Bruce protocol and continuous monitoring for 60 min after exercise. Spirometry was done at baseline prior to exercise, and repeated every 10 min after full exercise for 60 min. Results: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was noted in 15 patients, who performed MBPT and 12 patients confirmed for bronchial asthma and 3 patients were diagnosed exercise-induced astham. Five of 15 EIA patients demonstrated a pathologic degree of GER. Conclusion: We suggest that GER may be one of pathophysiologic factors of EIA and evoke further concentration on the GER in the EIA patients.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1994 no.12
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• pp.121-123
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• 1994

손가락 움직임과 관련된 운동성 유발전위를 검출하기 위하여 컴퓨터를 이용하여 피검자에게 움직임 명령을 제시하고 명령에 따른 최종적인 피검자의 운동이 나타나는 과정까지의 뇌전위를 검출하는 시스템을 구성하였다. 위와 갊은 실험을 왼손 오른손에 대하여 자각 700번 정도 수행하여 average method를 이용하여 운동성 유발 전위를 검출하고, 신경전류 추적법을 이용하여 뇌의 흥분 뉴런군을 추정하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2002

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is respiratory disorder characterized by paradoxical closure of the vocal cord during the respiratory cycle leading to obstructive airway symptoms. The clinical presentation of VCD is often dramatic and its misdiagnosis as asthma or exercise-induced brochospasm(EIB) has led to inappropriate treatment including high dose corticosteroids, intubation, and tracheostomy. Many VCD patients are asymptomatic at rest and require exercise challenge to elicit symptoms and vocal cord abnormalities. The "gold standard" for the diagnosis of VCD remains laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy with direct visualization of paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords. We report a case of exercise-induced Vocal cord masqueraded as exercise-induced asthma unresponsive to corticosteroids. And bronchodilator confirmed by typical bronchoscopic findings with paradoxial adduction of the vocal cords.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2000

The effects of osmolality on the sperm motility in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) were studied. Sperm motility of black seabream was suppressed when the osmolality was equal to the seminal fluid. But sperm became motile when the osmolality increased in electrolyte solution (NaCl, KCl, $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$) and non-electrolyte solution (mannitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose). The changes of sperm motility index (SMI) by osmolality of diluents described a parabola. In all of the diluents, SMI was the highest at ca. 1,000 mOsm/kg, which is similar to the osmolality of seawater. Sperm motility was induced by osmolality of diluents, but exposure to hypotonic or hypertonic diluents was harmful to the sperm.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.303-312
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 세라밴드의 장점과 ICT기술을 접목시키고 운동 흥미유발 및 재미추구를 보안한 소도구를 개발하여 소비자 위주의 보급을 제안한다. 기존의 소도구 및 기구의 사용에 있어 소비자의 가격부담을 최소화하고 운동기구의 휴대성을 극대화시킨다. 또한 운동 시 지루함을 느끼지 않도록 개개인에게 맞춤형 운동 정보를 제공 하고 다함께 어울려 할 수 있는 운동 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 이 연구를 통해 공간에 제약 없이 어디서든 쉽고 재미있게 운동을 할 수 있고 정확한 정보를 가지고 체계적인 운동을 할 수 있게끔 장려 할 것 이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2016

한반도 중부지방은 2014년과 2015년에 연이은 강수량 부족으로 많은 지역에서 가뭄 현상이 나타났다. 특히, 한반도는 여름철에 강수가 집중되는 몬순기후대에 속하기 때문에 여름철 강수량은 생활용수나 농업용수 확보 등 이수 측면에서 매우 중요하다 할 수 있다. 이러한, 한반도(남한)의 중부지역 가뭄을 유발하는 강수량의 부족 현상은 대략 5-10년(평균 7-8년) 주기로 반복된다. 그리고 이러한 10여년 주기 변동성과 더불어 예외적인 경우가 발생하고 매번 그 심도도 변화한다. 이러한 주기성을 우연이라 보기는 어려울 것이나 예외적인 경우나 심도를 가늠할 수 없다는 점(인과관계가 불분명하다는 점)에서 확정론적 현상이라 단정하기도 어려운 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 주기적 가뭄을 야기하는 강수량 변동의 원인을 지구물리학적 측면에서 추론해 보고자 한다. 가뭄은 인위적인 조건에 의해서도 발생하고 인과관계에 따른 정의도 다양하지만, 본 연구에서는 자연 상태에서 강수량의 부족에 의한 가뭄 조건만을 고려하였다. 강수과정은 지구의 물순환 운동에 의해 야기되고 지구의 물순환 운동은 지구의 역학적 운동 및 상호작용 관계에 의해 발생한다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, 지구물리 과정의 일부로 강수과정을 유발하는 지표인자로 SST와 같은 기후 인자에 대해 변동 주기의 상관성을 범지구적인 시공간 규모에서 검토하였다.