• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.681-683
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• 2022

본 연구는 수면의 질, 우울, 불안, 인지기능을 확인하고 이들의 상관관계를 알아보는 서술적 상관관계연구 연구이다. K도 G시, D시에 위치한 10곳의 경로당에서 65세 이상 일반노인 130명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대상자의 일반적 특성의 빈도, 백분율을 산출하였고 대상자의 수면의 질, 불안, 우울, 인지정도의 평균, 표준 편차을 산출하였으며, 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 수면의 질, 불안, 우울, 인지정도를 t-test와 one-way ANOVA로 분석하였으며, 대상자의 수면의 질, 불안, 우울, 인지정도의 상관관계 검정은 Pearson's correlation coefficient를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 수면의 질, 불안, 우울, 인지기능의 상관관계는 불안과 수면의 질(p=-.422), 우울과 수면의 질(p=-.552)간에 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 불안과 우울은 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 노인이 지각하는 수면의 질과 우울, 불안, 인지기능의 정도를 파악하고 노인수면증진을 위한 간호중재 개발에 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

This study identifies the moderating effects of cognition on the relationship between self-care confidence and self-care behavior in the diabetic elderly. The participants were 205 elderly subjects with diabetes, who visited a citizen health center located in D city, Korea. Data were collected from 20th April to 31st August 2015, and were analyzed by t-test and multiple regression. Our results reveal no significant differences between the depressive and non-depressive groups, when considering diabetes self-management confidence, knowledge, behavior and cognitive function. Cognitive function had a moderating effect in the relationship between self-care confidence and self-care behavior only in the depressed group. Our results indicate that it is therefore necessary to apply individual nursing intervention based on cognitive function and depression level, and to develop various programs for improving the cognitive function and depression amongst the diabetic elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.458-469
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• 2020

Geriatric depression is associated with pathological changes in the brain and increases the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. However, high cognitive reserve, such as high education, can delay or minimize clinical manifestations of pathologies involving the brain, so the effect of geriatric depression on cognitive impairment or dementia may vary depending on the education level. In this study, the author analyzed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) to examine whether the effect of geriatric depression on cognitive function differed depending on education level. Among the 10,254 subjects registered in the KLoSA, the 4,905 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. The results were as follows: first, depressive symptoms predicted low cognitive function after 12 years; second, the negative effect of depressive symptoms on cognitive function after 12 years was higher in the old adult group than in the young adult group; and third, the effect of age was significant only in the low-educated group. These results suggest that depressive symptoms in low-educated old adults may increase the risk of development of dementia in the long term.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.623-634
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• 2019

Our study aims to assess life satisfaction and evaluate its relationship with depression, nutritional status and cognitive function among the elderly. This study is a pathway analysis study using 9089 elderly people and was conducted as a supplemental analysis using the data from the 2017 Korean Elderly Examination Survey. As a result, depression, nutritional status, cognitive function and life satisfaction showed significant correlation. Nutritional status(.46, p=.007), and cognitive function(-.27, p=.014) were directly affected by depression. Both nutritional status(.08, p=.009) and cognitive function(-.03, p=.010) had effect on life satisfaction but life satisfaction was mediated by nutritional status and cognitive function in affecting to life satisfaction. It suggests that nursing intervention is needed for nutritional status and cognitive function for life satisfaction of the elderly.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.909-924
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of chewing ability on cognitive function of older people in Korea and the mediation effect of physical function and depression using the nationwide data from "Survey of the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons in 2014", in Korea. This study was conducted on a total of 10,451 respondents in the "Survey of the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons in 2014" and the data collection period was from June 11, to September 4, 2014. Chewing ability was used in the scale on level of daily life inconvenience in chewing ability (meat or hardness). Cognitive function was measured using MMSE-DS, physical function using K-IADL, and depression using SGDS-K. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program and Process Macro. Total effects of chewing ability on cognitive function were not significant(p>.05). Direct effects of chewing ability on cognitive function were not significant(p>.05). There were the dual mediation effect(p<.05) of physical function and depression, a complete mediating effect by physical function(p<.05) or depression(p<.05) in the impact of chewing ability on cognitive function of older people in Korea. These results indicate that physical function and depression effect directly and indirectly in the impact of chewing ability on cognitive function of older people. In conclusion, it is suggested that to prevent the decline of cognitive function in older people, it is necessary to consider not only nursing strategies for strengthening chewing ability and physical function, but also nursing interventions for relieving or preventing depression in older people.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.179-203
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is 1) to investigate the reciprocal relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms and 2) to examine whether there is gender difference in this mutual relationship. The uniqueness of the current study is in its investigation on the simultaneous reciprocal relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms, which is different from previous studies examining unidirectional relationship. Subjects were 3,511 individuals aged 65 and over who participated in the first and second wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Non-recursive structural equation modeling identified the reciprocal relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms, with poorer cognitive functioning leading to higher depressive symptoms and higher depressive symptoms resulting in poorer cognitive functioning. Multi-group analysis showed the gender difference in the relationship between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms. Specifically, cognitive functioning was the significant predictor of depressive symptoms for females, whereas the depressive symptoms was the significant predictor of cognitive functioning for males. These findings indicate that the reciprocal relationship and gender difference should be considered when we development practice implications for prevention and treatment related to depression and cognitive functioning. Based on these findings, implications for theory and practice were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2021

Objectives : Based on the fact that cognitive functions decline known as comorbid symptoms of depression can precede depression, this study seeks to observe the effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on cognitive function in healthy subjects. Methods : To recruit 50 general populations to evaluate cognitive and clinical symptoms and to find out the effects of clinical symptoms on cognitive functions, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were conducted. Correlation analysis of subdomain cognitive function was conducted for reliability analysis. Results : Trail making test-B that evaluates the execution function correlates with depressive symptoms (r=0.300, p=0.03) and age (r=0.323, p=0.02). Depressive symptoms (β=0.304, p=0.03) and age (β=0.335, p=0.01) were significantly related to Trail making test -B (Adjusted R²=0.148). Subjective cognitive tests correlates with anxiety symptoms (r=0.434, p=0.002). In the correlation between cognitive functional items, Subjective cognitive tests was found to be correlated with other test except Spotter. Conclusions : In this study, depressive symptoms contribute independently to executive functions in addition to demographic characteristics such as age and duration of education. Given that cognitive decline is a common long-term clinical outcome in depression, we expect active early intervention and evaluation of cognitive function to be helpful.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.686-698
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• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of health status and the moderating effect of economic activity in the relationship between depression and cognitive function of the elderly. For this, the data of 2017 National survey of Older Koreans that was collected all over country by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs were analyzed using Structural Equation Model for statistical analysis method. The results are as follows. First, the elderly's depression was found to have a negative effect on cognitive function and health status. Second, the health status of the elderly was found to have a positive effect on cognitive function. Third, a significant mediating effect of health status was founded in the relationship between depression and cognitive function. Fourth, the moderating effect of the elderly's economic activity was found in the path through which depression affects health status and health status affects cognitive function. Based on these research results, implications of social welfare were suggested.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.401-408
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• 2015

This study was done to examine the relation of cognitive function, depression and anxiety in elderly people above 65 years of age, and to identify factors influencing anxiety. The data were collected from June 1 to August 30 2014. Data were collected by questionnaire from 363 elderly people. The instruments for this study were MMSE-DS, depression, anxiety. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. According to results, the significant factors influencing anxiety were sleeping time(${\beta}=-.249$, p<.001), depression(${\beta}=.218$, p<.001), cognitive function(${\beta}=-.209$, p<.001), occupation(${\beta}=-.133$, p=.006). The study reveals that it is necessary to develop a convergent program that maintain adequate sleep, prevents of cognitive impairment and decreases depression.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Objectives: Depression, sleep complaints and cognitive impairments are commonly observed in the elderly. Elderly subjects with depressive symptoms have been found to show both poor cognitive performances and sleep disturbances. However, the relationship between sleep complaints and cognitive dysfunction in elderly depression is not clear. The aim of this study is to identify the association between sleep disturbances and cognitive decline in late-life depression. Methods: A total of 282 elderly people who underwent nocturnal polysomnography in a sleep laboratory were enrolled in the study. The Korean version of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery developed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) was applied to evaluate cognitive function. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the geriatric depression scale (GDS) and subjective sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI). Results: The control group ($GDS{\leq}9$) when compared with mild ($10{\leq}GDS{\leq}16$) and severe ($17{\leq}GDS$) depression groups, had significantly different scores in the Trail making test part B (TMT-B), Benton visual retention test part A (BVRT-A), and Stroop color and word test (SCWT)(all tests p<0.05). The PSQI score, REM sleep duration, apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index were significantly different across the three groups (all indices, p<0.05). A stepwise multiple regression model showed that educational level, age and GDS score were predictive for both TMT-B time (adjusted $R^2$=35.6%, p<0.001) and BVRT-A score (adjusted $R^2$=28.3%, p<0.001). SCWT score was predicted by educational level, age, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and GDS score (adjusted $R^2$=20.6%, p<0.001). Poor sleep quality and sleep structure alterations observed in depression did not have any significant effects on cognitive deterioration. Conclusion: Older adults with depressive symptoms showed mild sleep alterations and poor cognitive performances. However, we found no association between sleep disturbances (except sleep apnea) and cognitive difficulties in elderly subjects with depressive symptoms. It is possible that the impact of sleep disruptions on cognitive abilities was hindered by the confounding effect of age, education and depressive symptoms.