• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.85-103
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• 2006

지리적 표시란 농산물 및 그 가공품의 명성, 품질, 기타 특징이 본질적으로 특정지역의 지리적 특성에 기인하는 경우, 당해 농산물 및 그 가공품이 그 특정지역에서 생산된 특산품임을 표시하는 것을 의미한다. 지리적 표시제는 우수 농산물 및 그 가공품의 지리적 표시를 등록.보호함으로써 지리적 특산품의 품질을 향상하고 지역특화산업으로 육성하여 생산자를 보호.육성하고, 소비자에게는 특정 제품에 대한 지리적 명칭의 정보를 제공함으로써 안전하고 우수한 농산물 및 그 가공품을 소비할 수 있게 하여 궁극적으로 생산자와 소비자를 모두 보호하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 우루과이라운드(UR)에 의한 무역협상 타결로 '95년에 출범한 세계무역기구(WTO)는 "무역관련 지적재산권 협정(Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: TRIPs)"을 다자간 무역협상의 대상으로 추가함으로써 통상교섭의 영역을 상품 및 서비스생산 중심에서 지적재산권 영역까지 확대시켰다. 우리나라는 2001년부터 "TRIPs" 협정에 대한 일반적 이행을 의무화하고 있으며, '96년 10월 한.EU기본협력협정 체결시 EU의 지리적표시 보호를 위한 제도적 장치 마련을 요구하는 등 국제적인 지리적표시 보호 강화 움직임에 보다 적극적으로 대처하고, 우리나라의 우수한 지리적 특산품을 국내 및 국제적으로 보호하기 위해 '99년 농수산물품질관리법에 지리적표시 등록제가 도입되었다. 현재 보성녹차, 하동녹차, 고창복분자, 영양고추 및 서산육쪽마늘, 의성마늘, 괴산 고추 및 순창고추장, 괴산 고춧가루, 성주참외, 해남겨울배추, 이천쌀, 철원쌀이 등록되었고 지역 경제 활성화에도 가교 역할을 하고 있어 다양한 품목에 대한 지리적 표시 등록을 위한 연구가 적극적으로 진행되고 있다. 본 고에서는최근 수행한 음성 고추, 제주 광어, 제주 감귤의 지리적 특성과 품질 특성과의 관계를 조사 분석한 연구내용을 소개하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 1994

A living environment of filming and fishing village is on the serious conditions because of the situation of rural exodus, import of farm products from advanced nations and various other factors. This study devised an improvement project of a group village and computerized related data connected with one in order to promote poor living conditions of farmers and fishermen to the urban level. In this study, we show that we can give necessary information when we build up integration system as well as we can expect quickness and correctness of a work management with computer for related data about an production project of a group village at farming and fishing village. In addition it is show that is possible to guide management data when we undertake revision and repair of facilities rapidly and can support an intensive decision among alternative plans.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.357-377
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• 2010

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF) of Japan established the aim which exports the agriculture, forestry and Fisheries products amounting to a trillion Yen until 2013 in 2004, endeavoring to realize the aim in strengthening both overseas publicity activities and domestic product system. Such changes means that the Japanese agriculture is exchanging defence into attack and gives a important meaning to our agricultures which have a similar agriculture base as Japan. The countermeasures for agricultural products export promotion by MAFF is greeting a 5th year now and obtains a considerable result in agricultural products exports and the export item. Meantime, There are also opinions that the Japanese agriculture has to make efforts to cut the product cost by a large margin in order to prepares a competitive power. we have to consider the counter-measure which will be able to accommodate harmoniously both of two facts that first, Japanese Export Promotion Strategy for agricultural products is giving a hope in the Japanese rural society which have been considered that remaking will be impossible until now, and secondly, the agricultural reform which the cutting of cost and price of agricultural products will be possible in has to be promoted.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.942-953
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• 2020

Achieving optimal sustainable yields (i.e., avoiding overfishing and maximizing fishery harvest at the same time) is one of the main objectives in fisheries management. Generally, management reference points (MRPs) such as fishing mortalities (Fmsy, F0.1, Fx%) have been suggested for the purpose. In this study, we intended to suggest MRPs for Korea chub mackerel Scomber japonicus stock, using a stochastic catch-at-age model (SCAA) and evaluate whether the current fishing intensity on the stock is appropriate. We used length frequency and catch-per-unit-effort data on the Korea chub mackerel stock collected from the large purse-seine fishery, and yields landed by all fisheries from years 2000 - 2019. We calculated yield per recruit and spawning potential ratio, and projected spawning stock biomass (SSB) under different fishing mortality, assuming annual recruitments were solely controlled by environmental effects (i.e., steepness of 1.0). Some of our major findings and suggestions were that the overfishing threshold would be F46%; i.e., the fishing mortality in the terminal year, 2019 was 0.257/year, which corresponded to F46%.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-96
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• 1992

Korean economy has experienced rapid expansion of the service sector at the expense of the manufacturing sector since 1988, which was caused by the wage increase and the appreciation of Won. The government worried about the deindustrialization and the erosion of the international competitiveness, and various measures were taken to enduce labor force into the manufacturing sector. However, this article argues that the expansion of the service sector is inevitable phenomenon in the process of economic development, and the balanced industrial policies are desirable. In addition, the Uruguay Round Service Negotiations require liberalization of the service market and internationalization of the service industries.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.356-370
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• 2004

New communication and information technologies such as the Internet are space-adjusting technologies. The Internet changes the spatial proximity by improving the connections between people and organizations separated by geographical distance This paper examines the digital position of individual nation-states on a global cyberspace. The number of inter-domain hyperlinks embedded in websites for 47 nations was gathered using the AltaVista in 2001 Data were also obtained on the geographical distance among the nations. The results indicate that the u.s. is the most central nation on the global cyberspace, followed by the U.K., Germany, Australia, Canada, Italy, France, China and Japan. The most peripheral nations are Uruguay, Luxemburg, and UAE. It also examines the relationship between the digital positions of 47 nations and their physical locations. The results indicate that digital structure on the cyberspace is not significantly related to geographical distance among those nations.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.207-264
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• 1993

항공사의 외국인 소유는 이것으로 인하여 전체 항공운송 시스템이 변화될 수 있는 핵심적인 개념이다. 작금 항공운송산업을 둘러싼 환경은 급격하게 변화하고 있어서 많은 국가들이 항공사의 외국인 소유와 관련한 기존의 법제나 정책변경을 심각하게 고려하기 시작하였다. 항공기 및 항공사의 국적과 관련한 전통적인 개념은 양자사이에 '진정한' 또는 '효파적인' 관계가 있어야 한다는 것이다. 특별히 항공사의 '실질적인 및 효과적인 통제'조항은 양자 및 다자간 항공운송 협정에서 가장 핵심적인 역할을 해오고 있다. 그러나 변화의 바람이 거세게 일고 있다. 항공운송산업에서 이러한 변화는 미국에서 시작되고 미국의 국제항공관계에 적용되고 있는 규제완화에서 비롯되었다. 미국의 규제완화정책은 합병 및 흡수를 통한 항공사의 집중이라는 결과를 가져와서 항공운송 시장은 궁극적으로 소수의 거대 항공사에 의해 지배될 것이라는 우려를 낳고 있다. 이러한 새로운 추세에 대응하여 많은 국가틀이 다양한 형태의 지역협력체를 형성하고 있다. (예, EC, 아세안, 안데안 그룹, 야마스크로 선언 등) 또한 다수 국가들은 정치.경제적인 이웃에서 정부의 소유주식을 외국인 및 외국회사를 포함한 민간부문에 매각함으로써 사유.사영화를 추진하고 있다. 한편 제조업 분야에서 다국적기업 (IBM, 코카콜라 등)은 별 어력움이 없이 성립될 수 있다. GATT의 주관하에 열리고 있는 우루과이 협상에 참여하고 있는 국가들은 최혜국 대우, 내국인 대우, 시장접근 같은 상품교역의 개념및 원리를 항공운송서비스를 포함한 서비스교역에 적용하는데 기본적으로 합의하였다. 급격히 변화하는 환경에서 항공운송 산업만이 국가의 영공 주권, 항공사의 공익기업 개념, 상업적 이익의 균형교환 같은 자기류의 논리에 집착하여 언제까지나 홀로 고립될 수는 없을 것이다. 더구나 세계 항공운송 산업은 1980년 후반부터 큰 시련에 직면해 있다. 몇몇을 제외한 대부분의 항공사는 세계경제의 불황속에서 초과공급 및 운임전쟁으로 인한 엄청난 적자를 기록하고 있다. 모든점을 미루어볼 때 세계의 항공사들은 과거 어느 때보다도 외국인 투자를 필요로 하고 있으며 항공사가 속해 있는 정부는 외국인 소유에 관한 법제를 개정하고 나아가 전체 항공운송시스템을 개편하도록 압력을 받고 있다. 많은 국가에서 외국인 소유에 관한 법규의 개정은 현존 항공운송 시스템에 다각적인 영향을 가져올 것이다. 다시말하면 양자협상, 반독점및 경쟁볍규의 적용, 고용 및 카보타지등을 포함한 제반분야가 영향을 받을 것이다. 결국 외국인 소유에 관한 법제의 완화는 항공사의 세계화 또는 다국적화의 과정을 촉진시킬 것이고, 항공사간 다양한 형태의 제휴가 이러한 방향에서 계속될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.2 s.113
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• pp.195-211
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• 2006

During the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (later World Trade Organization), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by participating countries. TRIPS has not only allowed intellectual property to be introduced into international trade arenas, but also extended the scope of protection to biodiversity such as plant genetic material, arguing that intellectual property rights (IPRs) would help conserve biodiversity. In this paper, I aim to deconstruct the global IPRs regimes over biodiversity by adopting geographers' sensitivity to place and scale as an analytical window. By investigating how all the issues regarding IPRs over biodiversity that are raised by diverse disciplines, such as environmental ethics, environmental economics and political economy approach, are scale-related, I demonstrate how biodiversity IPRs, and its introduction into international trade agreements, though separate issues with no inevitable relationship to one another, have been put together for the construction of global IPRs regimes. I argue that the notion on the construction of scale (i.e., rhetorical and discursive construct of globalization) can contribute to revealing how fragile global environmental conservation regimes are.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-26
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• 1990

Encouraged by the investment in the rice paddy, the introduction of new varieties (Tong-Il), and the price support program, there has been great success in increasing rice production. Meanwhile, the demand for rice has decreased rapidly as per capita income continues to rise. Rice self-sufficiency has been attained, and a new over-supply problem is emerging. Moreover, the Uruguay Round Agricultural Negotiation would prohibit government price support for agricultural products. In October the Korean government decides the government purchase amount and support price, which works as the price guideline. All interested parties exert political efforts to influence the decision. The continued increase of the government purchase price of rice due to political pressure pushed the government purchase price above the market wholesale price in 1988. Also, the farmers preferred to sell to the government than to the wholesaler. This has discouraged the market mechanism, and the government is to take over the three functions of the market mechanism: stockpiling, seasonal price fluctuation adjustment, and circulation. Another big increase may cause the government purchase price to rise above the consumer price, which might lead to arbitrage opportunities for the farmers and suffocate the market mechanism. However, the current political situations limits the options for the Korean government. This paper argues that a supply control policy will reduce the social cost resulting from the high level of producer price support, and it proposes several second best policies: First, the production of new varieties should be reduced rapidly. Second, the old rice in the government warehouse should be auctioned or disposed of in order to reduce the government handling and management costs. Third, the acreage diversion program should be launched in order to control rice paddy acreage. Fourth, a social welfare program in rural areas should be introduced, since the share of population over 60 is increasing rapidly. Fifth, instead of the price support which is forbidden by the Uruguay Round, Korea should restructure the agricultural industry by developing new crops, by enhancing productivity and by improving the agricultural infrastructure.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

Korea which has not only beautiful scenery but long history in the world deserves to be a pride to all the koreans. It has prospered flourishing culture through the long history and preserved a lot of cultural properties all around the nation. Traditional and cultural properties should be preserved and developed induding those disappeared in the past. The economical competitiveness in provincial area is descending compared with that of international market places. The alternatives to save and promote provincial economy should be proposed and developed. The researches and studies which are active to make the traditional, cultural properties into sightseeing resources will contribute to save the provincial economy.