• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2009

The bacterial toxin, tolaasin, causes brown blotch disease on the cultivated mushrooms by collapsing fungal and fruiting body structure of mushroom. Cytotoxicity of tolaasin was evaluated by measuring hemolytic activity because tolaasins form membrane pores on the red blood cells and destroy cell structure. While we investigated the inhibitions of hemolytic activity of tolaasin by $Zn^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$, we found that $Ni^{2+}$ is another antagonist to block the toxicity of tolaasin. $Ni^{2+}$ inhibited the tolaasin-induced hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner and its Ki value was $\sim10$ mM, implying that the inhibitory effect of $Ni^{2+}$ is stronger than that of $Cd^{2+}$. The hemolytic activity was completely inhibited by $Ni^{2+}$ at the concentration higher than 50 mM. The effect of $Ni^{2+}$ was reversible since it was removed by the addition of EDTA. When the tolaasin-induced hemolysis was suppressed by the addition of 20 mM $Ni^{2+}$, the subsequent addition of EDIA immediately initiated the hemolysis. Although the mechanism of $Ni^{2+}$ -induced inhibition on tolaasin toxicity is not known, $Ni^{2+}$ could inhibit any of fallowing processes of tolaasin action, membrane binding, molecular multimerization, pore formation, and massive ion transport through the membrane pore. Our results indicate that $Ni^{2+}$ inhibits the pore activity of tolaasin, the last step of the toxic process.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

The purpose of this work was to assess and quantify whether the beneficial effects in long-term gas exchange at exciting frequency were obtained at different frequencies as well and then to develop a vibrating intravascular lung assist device(VIVLAD), for Patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) or chronic respiratory problems. We investigate the optimal condition of the frequency band excited with new vibrator at state of limit hemolysis when blood hemolysis came to through a membrane vibration action. The experimental design and procedures were given for a device used to assess the effectiveness of membrane vibrations. Quantitative experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the device . and to identify membrane vibration dependence on blood hemolysis. We developed an analytical solution for the hydrodynamics of flow through a bundle of sinusoidally vibrated hollow fibers that is used to provide some insight into how wall vibrations might enhance the performance of the VIVLAD. In the result, it was measured that the effect of various excited frequencies in gas transfer rate and hemolysis from the maximum gas transfer rate at no vibration when the maximum gas transfer rates showed at module type 6, module type 6 consisted of 675 hollow fiber membranes The maximum oxygen transfer rate was caused by the occurrence of maximum amplitude and transfer of vibration to hollow fiber membranes when it was excited by the frequency band of 7Hz at each blood flow rate. because this frequency became the End mode resonance frequency of the flexible in blood flow. Also, when module type 6 was excited at an excited frequency of 7Hz. blood hemolysis was low. Therefore, we decided that the limit of hemolysis frequency is 7Hz . because maximum amplitude occurred at this frequency.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major pathogens in community-acquired diseases, and it contains several factors that promote its pathogenesis, including pneumolysin (PLY). PLY is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family, which attacks cholesterol-containing membranes, thereby forming ring-shaped pores. Thus, it is a major key target for vaccines against pneumococcal disease. We cloned the PLY gene from S. pneumoniae D39 and inserted it into the pQE-30 vector. Recombinant PLY (rPLY) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli M15 and purified by $Ni^{2+}$ affinity chromatography. Similarly, a PLY-EGFP fusion gene was produced by inserting the EGFP gene at the 3' end of the PLY gene in the same vector, and the recombinant protein was purified. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that both recombinant proteins were purified. rPLY exhibited significant hemolytic activity against 1% human red blood cells (RBCs). Complete hemolysis was obtained at 500 ng/ml, and 50% hemolysis was found with a 240 ng/ml concentration. In contrast, rPLY-EGFP did not show hemolytic activity. However, rPLY-EGFP did bind the RBC membrane, indicating that rPLY-EGFP lost hemolytic activity via EGFP fusion, while retaining its membrane-binding ability. These data suggest that PLY's C terminus is important for its hemolytic activity. Therefore, these two recombinant proteins can be extremely useful for investigating the toxin mechanism of PLY and cell damage during pneumonia.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

The non pulsation blood pump is divided into axial flow and centrifugal style according to the direction of inlet and outlet flow. An axial flow blood pump can be made smaller than a centrifugal blood pump because centrifugal pump's rpm is fewer than axial flow pump. Hemolysis is an important factor for the development of an axial flow blood pump. It is difficult to identify the areas where hemolysis occurs. Evaluation of hemolysis both in in-vitro and in-vivo test requires a long-time and more expensive. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis enables the engineer to predict hemolysis on a computer which just can get not only amount of htmolysis but also location of hemolysis. It takes shorter time and less expensive than in-vitro test. The purpose of this study is to git Computational fluid dynamics in axial flow pump and to verify the accuracy of prediction by the possibility of design comparing CFD results with in-vitro experimental results. Also, wish to figure out the correction method that can bring improvement in shape of axial flow blood pump using CFD analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.253-268
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• 1994

오종(五種) 약침액(藥鍼液)(약침액(藥鍼液)의 명칭(名稱) : V. OK. I. HO. B)의 안전성(安全性)을 실험적(實驗的)으로 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 급성독성여부(急性毒性與否)를 연구보고(硏究報告)한 이후 발열성시험(發熱性試驗), 피부자극시험(皮膚刺戟試驗), 용혈반응(溶血反應) 및 간독성(肝毒性)과 신독성시험(腎毒性試驗)을 실시(實施)하여 유의(有意)한 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 모든 약침액(藥鍼液)은 발열성시험(發熱性試驗)과 피부자극시험(皮膚刺戟試驗), 간독성(肝毒性) 및 신독성시험상(腎毒性試驗上) 이상소견(異常所見)이 발견(發見)되지 않았으나 용혈반응(溶血反應)의 경우 일부(一部) 약침액(藥鍼液)에서 용혈반응(溶血反應)을 의심(疑心)할 수 있으므로 향후(向後) 이에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)와 세포독성(細胞毒性) 및 항원성시험(抗原性試驗)이 필요(必要) 할 것으로 사려(思慮)된다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.143-147
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• 1992

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic add on their phototoxicity of four phenothiazine derivatives such as chloropromazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine and thioridazine. Effects of the test compounds on RBes were monitored with a spectrophotometer by the method of Kahan et al. The extent of photohemolysis by chlorpromazine, perphenazine and thioridazine were decreased with the use of ascorbic acid. It was observed that toxic photoproducts were formed by chlorpromazine and thioridazine with preirtadiated. Although red blood cell hemolysis by preirradiated chlorpromazine was decreased with the use of ascorbic acid but thioridazine was not changed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.8-12
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• 1967

Formalin 처리(處理) 면양적혈구(緬羊赤血球)를 용혈소(溶血素) 생산용(生産用) 항원(抗原)으로 가토(家兎)의 이정맥(耳靜脈)에 접종(接種)하였던바 고가(高價)의 양성혈청(陽性血淸)을 얻을수 있었음으로 보고(報告)하는 바이다. Formalin 0.5% 식염수(食鹽水)에 하룻밤동안 $37^{\circ}C$ 항온수조(恒溫水槽)에서 처리(處理)한 면양적혈구(緬羊赤血球)를 정유액(淨遊液) 1.0ml. 2.0ml. 3.0ml. 4.0ml.을 4일간격(日間隔)으로 4회(回) 가토(家兎)의 이정맥(耳靜脈)에 접종(接種)하였으며 최종항원접종후(最終抗原接種後) 5일(日)만에 채혈(採血)하므로서 10,000단위(單位) 이상(以上)의 용혈소력가(溶血素力價)를 갖는 가토혈청(家兎血淸)을 생산(生産)할 수 있었다. 이 방법(方法)에 의(依)하면 항원(抗原)의 제조(製造)나 면역방법(免疫方法)이 지금까지 알려져온 어떤 방법(方法)보다 더 간편(簡便)하며 가토(家兎)에 대(對)한 예민성(銳敏性) 반응(反應)이 거의 없으며 개체차이(個體差異)없이 용혈소(溶血素)를 생산(生産)하는 것이 특징이다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 1997

In order to design a novel synthetic peptide with improved fungicidal activity but low hemolytic activity, a hybrid peptide, cecropin A(l-8)-magainin 2(1-12), and its analogue peptides were synthesized by the solid phase method. Antifungal and hemolytic activities of the synthetic peptides were assessed by the growth inhibition against Trichosporon beigelii and the cell membrane lysis against human red hlood cells, respectively. Analogue 2 in which Lys at position 12 in cecropin A(1-8)-magainin 2(1-12) was substituted with Ala showed most potent antifungal activity (MIC: 2.5.$\mu$g/ml) with minimal hemolytic activity (0.5% hemolysis at the (200.$\mu$g/ml peptide). This peptide (A2), therefore, could be useful as a model for further designing potent antifungal peptides without cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2021

Brown blotch disease of oyster mushrooms is caused by tolaasin and its analog peptide toxins which are produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii. Tolaasin peptides form pores in the plasma membrane and destroy the fruiting body structure of mushroom. Lysis of red blood cells, hemolysis, can be occurred by cytotoxic activity of tolaasin. The hemolytic activity of tolaasin is inhibited by metal ions, such as Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺. When Gadolinium ion was added, a biphasic effect was observed on tolaasin-induced hemolysis, an increase in hemolysis at submillimolar concentrations and an inhibition at millimolar concentrations. The mechanism of gadolinium ion-induced inhibition of tolaasin activity may not be similar to those of the inhibitions by other metal ions. Since gadolinium ion has been reported to change a lateral pressure of lipid membrane by binding to the negative charges of membrane lipids, it may not directly work on the tolaasin channel gating, but rather decrease the stability of tolaasin channel by increasing firmness of membrane.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

In case of Wilson's disease complicated with hemolytic anemia and fulminant hepatic failure; plasma exchange or liver transplantation should be considered. We report an 11 year-old male with fulminant Wilson's disease who developed hemolytic crisis. He was recovered by exchange transfusion after 6 times of plasma exchange.