• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.270-281
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• 2021

The Yongjam of Oejae, Yi Dan-ha's wife, is an ornamental hairpin with a dragon-shaped engraving; designated as National Folklore Cultural Heritage No. 4. It is also a component of the ceremonial costume, and an artifact of great value as it clearly identifies the position of the wearer and the period of this artifact. The Yongjam has been well preserved in general; however, various pollutants and corrosive products have affected the engraved patterns, requiring conservation treatment. Furthermore, a non-destructive analysis was conducted to identify the components of the materials and the manufacturing techniques used in the ornament. The Yongjam is hollow inside to reduce its weight when placed in the hair and has a color contrast of gold, red, and black. The decorative part and the body were made separately. That is, the body was made from an alloy of copper, silver, and zinc, and its joint was elaborately connected without any overlaps. In the decorative part, different alloy ratios were identified in the dragon's face, beard, horn, body, and fin. Further, for the dragon's face with its delicate patterns, an alloy of silver and copper was used, likely to make the face appear as realistic as possible.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 1995

This study was conducted for the evaluation of air-pollution using pear plant. Twenty-three sites around the Ulsan Industrial Complex Area were selected for the study. The water soluble sulfur content, photosynthetic rate and the visible injured index of pear leaves were evaluated and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Water-soluble sulfur content of pear leaves at survey sites was shown to be an average of 0.201%. The content of their leaves at polluted sites ranged from 0.220 to 0.496%. Water-soluble sulfur content of the pear leaves decreased as the distance became far from the Industrial Complex. 2. The photosynthetic rate of pear leaves decreased with an accumulation of water-soluble sulfur content. However it increased as the distance became greater within the five-kilometer radius of the pollutant. 3. More than 60% of injured rate was shown in pear plant within the five-kilometer radius of the pollutant in 1993. There were high correlations between the visible injured index items. Compared with 1988, the most severely injured sites in 1988 were Yochon-dong and Yaum-dong. But in 1993, they moved to the Yongcham-dong and Bugok-dong area. 4. Water-soluble sulfur content of pear leaves was correlated with the photosynthetic rate of pear leaves. The same tendency was shown between water-soluble sulfur and total injured index. This method using pear plant will be applied to the evaluation of air pollution.