• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 1992

상변환시 수반되는 경계면에서의 잠열의 방출(또는 흡수)의 정확한 해석은 용접, 주조, 결정 생성, 일기 예보 등의 응용에 필수적인 것이다. 특히 주조의 경우 캐스팅 온도와 고체 용적분율의 관계를 앎으로서 잠열 방출의 해석이 가능하다. 본 연구는 상변환시 수반되는 잠열의 방출 형태를 4개의 다른 모델을 사용하여 비정상 온도분포, 용융형태, 자연대류가 미치는 영향을 수치적으로 구하였다. 2개의 서로 다른 물성치를 가진 합금을 선택하였는데 하나는 넓은 mushy 영역을 가진 알루미늄 합금이고 다른 하나는 좁은 mushy 영역을 가진 철금속계 합금이다. 알루미늄 합금의 경우 온도 분포와 시간에 따른 온도의 변화가 모델에 따라 상당한 차이가 있는 반면 철금속계 합금의 경우 상이한 모델일지라도 거의 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 결론으로 용융시 정확한 온도 분포와 상변화 형태를 예측하기 위해서는, 알루미늄 합금(넓은 mushy 영역)의 경우 적절한 잠열 방출 모델의 채택이 필요 불가급한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 1993

A mathematical model has been developed to describe heat transfer phenomena in a PCM (phase change material) module for development of an energy recovery system. The PCM module, melting point of which is around 1673 K, consists of silicon(96.8%), aluminium(2.7%) and marginal amounts of impurities such as Ca, Fe and Ti. The module is covered by a capsule that consists of SiC(58%) and graphite(42%). Physical properties that are required for model predictions were cited from the references. The apparent capacity method and the postiterative method wert used in the mathematical model to describe the phase changing mechanism. Temperature and velocity of fluid are the major variables in the model calculation. For the gas temperature of 1773 K that simulates real operating conditions, the prediction shows that PCM is rapidly melted to axial direction. However, for the gas temperature of 3000 K that is higher than the real conditions, PCM is melted rapidly to the radial direction. The gas velocity has no influence on the melting phenomena of the PCM except when the gas velocity is relatively low. At the low gas velocity asymmetry of the temperature profiles in PCM is obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.784-789
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• 1997

원자력 발전소에서의 중대사고시, 고온의 노심 용융물이 원자로 공동으로 떨어지면 노심용융물과 콘크리트간의 반응(MCCI)에 의한 여러가지 현상으로 인해 격납용기의 건전성을 위협할 수 있다 본 연구에서는 국내 원전에서의 MCCI 현상에 대한 실험과 해석결과를 살펴보았다. 실험은 영광원전 3,4호기 원자로 공동구조물의 콘크리트를 대상으로 thermite 20kg을 사용한 것이며 해석은 MELCOR 코드내의 MCCI 상세해석 모듈인 CORCON-MOD3를 이용하였다. 해석에 사용된 콘크리트의 화학성분과 열물성은 실험을 통하여 측정한 값을 사용하였으며 해석결과는 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 또한 GORCON 코드에서의 MCCI 현상의 해석시 용융물의 초기온도, 용융물의 질량, 콘크리트의 종류에 따른 예측결과들을 비교하였다. MCCI 현상의 해석시 콘크리트의 종류에 따른 가스발생량과 구성성분의 변화가 크게 나타남으로 콘크리트의 화학적 구성성분을 적합하게 입력하여야 한다. 콘크리트로의 종류에 따른 하부로의 열유속은 크게 차이가 없으나 침식율은 크게 차이가 나며 이는 콘크리트의 상변화 잠열의 차이에서 기인한 것이다. CORCON 코드는 실험에 비해 작은 침식율을 예측하고 있으며 콘크리트의 침식율은 용융물의 양에 비해 초기온도의 변화에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 예측하고 있다.

• Solar Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.60-69
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• 1992

Heat transfer characteristics and heat storage rate for vertical cylinder packed with paraffin as a latent heat storage material were theoretically studied. Conduction and convection mechanism were applied to the solid and liquid phase, respectively, and the results were compared with that of pure conduction model. The effects of heating temperature, initial solid temperature and aspect ratio on rate of storage were also studied. In the initial stage of melting, the natural convection is nearly restricted by the friction at the wall and the phase boundary. But it is generated when about 40% of solid melts and again it shrinks by the hot liquid situated on the upper part of the cylinder. So overall melting rate is higher then that for pure conduction model. The increase in heating temperature and aspect ratio activates the natural convection, so melting rate becomes higher. And the larger the aspect ratio, the greater the difference between upper and lower size of the solid. In the initial stage of melting, the initial temperature of solid paraffin has great effect on the melting rate, but as melting proceeds its effect lessens gradually.

• Solar Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 1996

The operating thermal chracteristics of direct contact liquid-ice heat exchanger was experimentally investigated. In this paper, The effects of Ice Packing Factor(IPF), the inlet temperature and the flow rate of Heat Transfer Fluid(HTF) were stuided in the liquid-ice heat exchanger. Thermal stratification in liquid-ice heat exchanger was established clearly and faster at the higher inlet temperature and flow rate of HTF. At the end of melting of the lower flow rate is cleared the thermal stratification in liquid-ice heat exchanger. The temperature stratification is long with higher value of IPF of liquid-ice heat exchanger. The mean temperature of liquid-ice storage was changed rapidly with increasing flow rate and inlet temperature of HTF. The gradiant of ratio of total energy to latent energy was found higher with increasing inlet temperature and flow rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.575-583
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• 1991

The weld pool convection problem that occurs during the stationary GTA welding has been studied, considering the four driving forces for weld pool convection, i.e., the electromagnetic force, the buoyancy force, the aerodynamic drag force, and the surface tension force at the weld pool surface. In the numerical simulation, the difficulties associated with the irregular moving liquid-solid interface have been successfully overcome by adopting a Boundary-Fitted Coordinate system. In the experiments to show the validity of the numerical analysis, a deep periphery and shallow centerpentrated weld pool shape was observed from the etched specimen. It could be revealed that this type of weld pool shape could be simulated, only when some of aerodynamic drag force distributions are considered. Although slight disagreement arose, the calculated and the observed weld pool shapes were in a reasonable agreement.

• Solar Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1997

Spherical shape of phase change material(PCM) has been prepared by using sodium acetate trihydrate as a latent heat storage medium. Gelatin was used as an effective thickener to prevent undesirable phase separation. Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate was used as nucleator to decrease the degree of supercooling in the thickened phase change material. Spherical PCM particles of 3-3.5 mm in diameter continuously manufactured with molten PCM with those conditions. The particle size of PCM was not affected by the effluent velocity of molten PCM in range of 1.3-1.8 ml/min. DSC, SEM and XRD were also used to characterize the properties of PCM particles.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1991

The temperature profile of Czochralski single crystal growth system was simulated considering the fluid flow and surface radiation heat transfer. View factors of surface elements were calculated for radiation heat transfer. Two phases(solid and liquid) were treated as a continuous phase by assigning artificial large viscosity to the solid phase and latent heat was accounted by iterative heat revolution method. The solidification model was applied to solid front of the pure Ga during the melting to verify the model. The whole simulation model of CZ system was applied to the growth Al single crystal.

• Solar Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.44-54
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• 1989

Heat transfer phenomena during inward melting process of the phase change material were studied experimentally. N-docosane paraffin [$C_{22}H_{46}$] is used for phase change material and its melting temperature is $42.5^{\circ}C$. Experiments were performed for melting of an initially no-sub cooled or subcooled solid in a horizontal cylinder, in order to compare and investigate the radial temperature distribution, ratio of melting and melted mass, various energy components stored from the cylinder wall, figure of the melting front in the horizontal cylinder. The solid-liquid interface motion during phase change was recorded photographically. The experimental results reaffirmed the dominant role played by the conduction at early stage, by the natural convection at longer time during inward melting in the horizontal cylinder. Ratio of melting and melted mass are more influenced by wall temperature, rather than by the initial temperature of solid. The latent energy is the largest contributor to the total stored energy.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.130-135
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• 2000

To enhance heat transfer characteristics of water, fine ice was added to it. The convective heat transfer characteristics of the ice slurry were investigated in a flow loop with a constant heat flux test section. The Nusselt number and Fanning friction coefficient of water flow were found to be similar to the expected curve by Petukhov. The Nusselt number of the ice sin flow was higher than the Nusselt number of water. Effective thermal capacity of the 10.84% ice slurry was found to have 2.39 times of the thermal capacity of water.