• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.656-663
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• 2012

After the construction of waterworks automatic meter reading with 15 mm diameter digital water mater with magnetoresistance sensor developed in this study at 96 households of apartment complexes located in Incheon-City B-Gu S-Dong, the feasibility of field application of waterworks automatic meter reading was evaluated. The field application of waterworks automatic meter reading was performed from July to December in 2011, and average reception rate was as low as 84.6% due to the instable wibro networks, the existence of communication blackout and temporary malfunction of router. After the extraction of 10 households with one to five residents out of 96 households by using stratified random sampling method and analysis of domestic water use, it was found that domestic water use was significant at August and showed a decreasing trend at September, followed by increase in domestic water use at November and decrease in domestic water use at December. This phenomenon should be attributed to weather factors (temperature, humidity, etc.), which significantly affected domestic water use. Similar trend in domestic water use in terms of weather factors was obtained in case of Liter per capita day of water use after the extraction of 30 households out of 96 households by using stratified random sampling method. After analysis of Liter per capita day for 96 households, single residents increases resulted in reduction of domestic water usage by about 14% of Liter per capita day. These results might be due to the fact that domestic water usage such as laundry, beverages, catering, cleaning, etc. should be required for even the household with one resident, whereas domestic water usage for those common utilization can be significantly saved for the household with more than one resident.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.805-809
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• 2012

최근 우리를 둘러싸고 있는 물과 주변 환경은 급격히 변화하고 있고, 인구증가 등으로 물 사용량이 급격히 증가되었으며, 가시화되는 물 부족문제로 인해 인간은 물론 주변 환경까지도 위협받고 있다. 국내의 경우 최근 수자원정책은 세계적인 추세에 맞춰 기존의 물 공급측면 정책과 더불어 물 수요측면의 정책이 부각되고 있으나 수요관리측면에서 수자원정책을 수립함에 있어서 수요관리에 대한 연구 부족, 수요관리를 중심으로 한 효과 검증이 정확하게 규명되어 있지 않기 때문에 물 수요측면의 정책을 수립함에 있어서 많은 어려움이 발생한다. 따라서 물 수요측면의 정책 수립을 위해서는 무엇보다도 과거 용수이용 추이 및 현재의 이용량이 정확히 파악되어야 한다. 이를 위한 전국의 공업용수의 실제 사용량 조사를 통해 전국의 지역별 물이용 경향을 파악하고자 하며, 이를 토대로 수자원의 효율적인 배분계획을 수립하고, 물을 어떻게 적절히 공급할 것인가에 대한 방안을 수립하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 생활용수 및 공업용수 실 이용량을 조사 및 분석하여 용수의 합리적인 개발, 이용과 배분 등 국가 물관리 정책을 수립하고 향후 장기적이고 안정적인 용수공급계획과 균형적 안정적 용수배분을 목표로 하는 종합적 수자원정책을 수립하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.595-601
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends and patterns of various kind of water uses in a household by metering in Korea. Water use components are classified by toilet, washbowl, bathing, laundry, kitchen, miscellaneous. Flow meters are installed in 140 household selected by sampling in all around Korea. The data are gathered by web-based data collection system from the year 2002 to 2006, considering pre-investigated data such as occupation, revenue, family members, housing types, age, floor area, water saving devices, education, miscellaneous. Reliable data are selected by upper fence method for each observed water use component and statistical characteristics are estimated for each residential type to determine liter per capita per day. Estimated domestic per capita day show an indoor water use with the range from 150 lpcd to 169 lpcd for each housing type as the order of high rise apartment, multi-house, and single house. As the order of consuming amount among water use components, it is investigated that toilet (38.5 lpcd) is the first, and the second is laundry water (30.8 lpcd), the third is kitchen (28.4 lpcd), the fourth is bathtub (24.7 lpcd), the next is washbowl (15.4 lpcd). The results are compared with water uses in U.K. and U.S. As life style has been changed into western style, pattern of water use in Korea is tend to be similar with the U.S. water use pattern. Compared with the surveying results by Bradley, on 1985. Thirty liter of total use increased with the advancement of economic level, and a little change of water use pattern can be found. Especially, toilet water take almost half part of total water use and laundry water shows lowest as 11% in surveying at the year of 1985. But, this study shows that 39 liter, 28% of toilet water, has been decreased by the spread of saving devices and campaign. It is supposed that the spread large sized laundry machine make by-hand laundry has been decreased and water use increased. Unit water amount of each end-use in household can be applied to design factor for water and wastewater facilities, and it play a role as information in establishing water demand forecasting and conservation policy.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

The COVID-19 started to spread at early 2020 in South Korea and has been threatening our life in many aspects. Countermeasures such as social distancing to prevent COVID-19 spread have brought many changes in our society an human life. In this study, as a part of the COVID-19 pandemic management, drinking water usage change is analyzed to evaluate potential risks on water supply service. We collected hourly water use data of residential area in S city, which is a mid-size city in South Korea, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected data were analyzed to reveal the changes in total water consumption, water usage weight, and hourly water-demand pattern caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The case study revealed the noticeable changes in water consumption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and required more secured and adaptive operation of drinking water system under the pandemic situation caused by infectious disease.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4B
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• pp.385-396
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• 2009

Non-household unit water use for each type of business are estimated in this study. The business types are subdivided into forty based on nine categories by the national industrial standard classification, such as office, commerce, public bathing, public water use etc. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to obtain statistical characteristics between industrial water use data, surveyed in six cities including Nonsan, Seosan and the National Statistical Bureau and site area, employees number etc. for each detailed business area. As the proposed non-household unit water uses are compared with five surveyed data in USA, it is shown that almost of water uses per unit area are less than those in USA. Non-household unit water uses of 25% cumulative probability water use recommended as efficiency benchmarks among surveyed data in Korea are also less than those in USA. Especially, in the case of water use in school, the average and the range are similar results showing water use range between 0.4 and 6.2 ($l/m^2/day$) as liter per capita day per an unit area, also water use range between 11.9 to 64.0 (l/student/day) as liter per capita day per a person. From the result of correlation analysis with internal and exogenous affecting factors on non-household water use, it can be concluded that a unit area is most appropriate factor as a standard of non-household unit water use. In case of water use in educational business, the number of students including staffs is more correlated than site ares with water use for the settled water consumption tendency. Although the increase and decrease of educational institutes, retail/wholesale store and restaurants are shown remarkable by the temperature as a representative factor, low correlations are shown in water use fluctuation in lodging house and hospital.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2004

최근 우리나라의 경제 발전에 따른 산업 규모가 총체적으로 증가함으로써 그에 따른 산업용수의 사용량이 크게 증가하고 있다. 산업용수 사용량의 증가는 제한된 수자원의 부족과 방류 산업용수에 의한 수질오염 등의 문제가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 산업용수중 약70%를 차지하는 각종 냉각수의 재이용이 필요하다.(중략)

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.311-320
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• 2021

The agricultural water, which occupy about 61% of total water usage in the South Korea, is significantly objective to archieve effecitive water resources management. The objective of the study is to suggest a simple method in actual practice that could be used to estimate agricultural water usage in river considering hydrological condition. Historical record of agricultural water usage and runoff, which take account for hydrological condition of the basin, were obtained for totally 27 river basins. As the result, the high threshold value of the agricultural water usage rates compared to maximum usage amount has a particular correlations to the percent of normal year runoff for last 2 month, and threshold line of agricultural water usage rates was derived using the quantile regressions. Finally, two dimensionless threshold line and empirical formulas that described the correlation between the percent of normal year runoff for last 2 month and the agricultural water usage rate compared to maximum usage amount were derived. Also, the simple criteria to select which line and formula based on the characteristics of the basins was suggested but it need further studies. The result of the study could be used as an elemantary data in actual practice for water resoureces management.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.138
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• pp.34-41
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• 1998

• Environmental engineer
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• s.137
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• pp.38-43
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• 1998

• Environmental engineer
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• s.133
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• pp.24-29
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• 1997