• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2005

Acid Rock Drainage(ARD) is the product formed by the atmospheric(i.e. by water, oxygen and carbon dioxide) oxidation of the relatively common iron-sulphur mineral pyrite($FeS_2$). ARD causes the acidification and heavy metal contamination of water and soil and the reduction of slope stability. In this paper the generation characteristics and the prediction of ARD of various cut slopes were studied. An attempt to classify the rocks into several groups according to their acid generation potentials was made. Acid Base Accounting(ABA) tests, commonly used as a screening tool in ARD predictions, were performed. Fourteen rock samples were classified into PAF(potentially acid forming) group and four rock samples into NAF(non-acid forming) group. The chemical analysis of water samples strongly suggested that ARD with high content of heavy metals and low pH could pollute the ground water and/or stream water.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to determine the forage production and quality of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and forage barley sown in early spring in Suwon, 2009. The five treatments used in this experiment were IRG Kowinearly (early maturity), IRG Kowinmaster (medium maturity), Yuyeon barley, Kowinearly + Yuyeon mixture, and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture. The lodging was observed in IRG, but no lodging was found IRG + barley mixtures. The heading date of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 16 May and 22 May, respectively, and that of barley was 13 May. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 22.2~27.6%. The forage quality among treatments were similar, but the crude protein (CP) content of IRG was higher than that of barley, and in vitro DM digestibility was a little low in Kowinmaster. The yields of DM, CP and digestible DM were high in Kowinearly + Yuyeon barley mixtures as a 13,816 kg, 1,384 kg and 10,387 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, the mixture cultivation of IRG and forage barley was very effective, because of preventing of IRG lodging, increasing of forage yield, and stable production of forages. The optimum harvest date for silage manufacture of IRG and barley sown in early spring was recommended early June instead of May.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.152-161
• /
• 1985

To examine the effects of different levels of soil moisture on dry matter production and chemical compositions of sorghum cv. Pioneer 931, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Pioneer 988, sudangrass cv. Piper, and corn cv. Suweon 19. Soil moisture contents were maintained with approximately 100, 80 and 40% of field moisture capacity. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The highest dry matter yields per plant were found at 60% soil moisture level with 176.2g, 180.8g and 164.0g for pioneer 931, Pioneer 988 and corn, respectively. 2. Dry matter accumulation in accordance with soil moisture levels and growth stages of all crops except sudangrass were in the order of 60>40>80>100% soil moisture level. 3. The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) of sorghum, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and corn was shown at 60% soil moisture level, that of sudangrass was shown at 80% soil moisture level. The relative growth rate (RGR) of all crops was high in the early growing stage and was low at maturity. The highest net assimilation rate (NAR) of all crops was found at 60% soil moisture level with $72-467g/m^2/day$ from June 29 to July 5. 4. The higher crude fiber content in leaf of Pioneer 931 was shown at 100% and 80% soil moisture levels with 28.6-28.8%, that of corn had no significant difference among soil moisture levels. The crude protein content in leaf of all crops was 14.2-21.6% at 60% soil moisture level, 13.8-16.0% at 40% soil moisture level, and 7.3-13.9% at above 80% soil moisture levels, respectively. 5. The crude fiber content in stern of all crops and all soil moisture levels was 24.6-36.7%, and the crude protein content in stem was 2.5-5.3% in dry matter basis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted on paddy-land at Kimje, ChunBuk in Korea from Nov. 1999 to Nov. 2002. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pig slurry (PS) on dry matter (DM) yield, N yield and nutritive value of rye, and soil total nitrogen (TN), Phosphorus (P) and organic matter (OM) content. This experiment was consisted of 4 plot (chemical fertilizer; N: 100/100, $P_2O_5: 150,\;K_2O: 150$ kg/ha; PS $100\%$ treatment, PS $200\%$ treatment and PS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF). 1. DM yields of rye revealed that there was an increase in order; PS $100\%$ treatment with half of chemical fertilizer (CF) > PS $200\%$ treatment > full of CF treatment > PS $100\%$ treatment. 2. Crude protein (CP) content was the highest with PS $200\%$ treatment ($10.53\%$) and followed by PS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF and full of CF treatment and the lowest with PS $100\%$ treatment. 3. The contents of NDF and TDN were hardly influenced by PS and CF 4. N yields of rye revealed that there was an increase in order; PS $200\%$ treatment > PS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF > full of CF treatment > PS $100\%$ treatment. 5. The contents of TN and OM were not influenced by the application levels of PS. however, The TN content increased by the application of PS, as increasing the application period 6. P content of the soil was not affected by the application levels of PS during the experimental period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.944-954
• /
• 2007

The Purpose of this study was to investigate overall sanitation levels of restaurants in Korea by examining sanitation management. Sanitation inspections were carried out in 200 large Korean, Western, Chinese, and Japanese restaurants and in buffet-style restaurants of over 100 pyeong in size located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province. This survey of sanitation management practices found that in large restaurants employing many workers, sanitation management was good in the areas of the kitchen environment, equipment and utensils, food handling, and worker's personal hygiene. Restaurants having relatively large kitchens showed significantly high scores in these sanitation areas. Furthermore, open-kitchen-type restaurants showed significantly higher scores in kitchen sanitation compared with closed-kitchen-type restaurants. Survey results of sanitation management show that, in all restaurants surveyed, sanitation management was good in dining hall sanitation and in providing a safe drinking water supply, but poor in food handling sanitation. Kitchen environment sanitation was poor in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese restaurants. Equipment and utensils sanitation was unsatisfactory in Western and buffet-style restaurants. In the food handling area, especially food sanitation and temperature, checks were rarely made, and pasteurization and temperature records were not kept. Therefore, it is recommended that, in planning a kitchen facility in the future, the floor area should be as large as Possible and open. In terms of management, more attention should be paid to food pasteurization, sanitation of cooking equipment and utensils, and checking of food temperature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the Hanwoo carrying capacity when whole crop wheat, as a winter forage crop, was grown on mixed-sowing of legume forage and by applying cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat during the period of 2012~2013. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three different culture methods such as whole crop wheat and mixed sowing combination with hairy vetch or forage pea. The subplots consisted of four different applications of cattle manure (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). The annual amount of dry matter (DM) of whole crop wheat in Gyeongju were higher than those of in Gyeongsan and Yeongju, and the mixed-sowing of hairy vetch mixture was the highest (p<0.05) compared with the single-sowing of whole crop wheat and mixed-sowing of legume in Gyeongju. The DM amounts were increased proportionately corresponded to the applying level of cattle manure, and was found to be significantly (p<0.05) high at the level of 100 and 150 kg/ha groups. With the feed value of forage, the crude protein (CP) contents tended to be higher in the mixed-sowing of legume than the single-sowing of whole crop wheat at the wintering experimental sites of legume. For whole crop wheat, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was the highest in the mixed sowing plots of forage pea in Gyeongsan; however, there was no significant differences among the single-sowing of whole crop wheat. The carrying capacity of Hanwoo (head/ha) was higher (p<0.05) in Gyeongju (3.83 head) than that in Gyeongsan (3.11) and Yeongju (1.35). Further, the carrying capacity in the single-sowing of whole crop wheat was lower than that in the mixed-sowing of legume, and the hairy vetch was the highest among the mixed-sowing groups (p<0.05). Overall, the present results recommend taking into account the wintering for the mix-sowing of legume in Gyeongbuk province. The cattle manure may be applied for legume in the wintering unavailable regions. In addition, applying cattle manure at the level of 100~150 kg/ha and the mix-sowing of legume may increase the productivity per unit area and feed value, including the CP, for improving the carrying capacity of Hanwoo.