• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.739-748
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare successful and failed trials of the dean and jerk exercise performed by an 2008 Beijing Olympic gold medalist. One successful and one failed trial of an Olympic gold medalist (2008 Beijing Olympic 77 kg event) were investigated for this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed, using three digital camcorders (SF: 6Hz). The events were recorded during the 89th Korean National Athletic Games. After analyzing the jerk motion, the following results were found. The successful trial revealed a shorter performance time at Phase 1 and a longer one at Phase 3 and Phase 4 as compared to the failed trial. The vertical displacement of the knee in failed trial was lower than that m the successful one. The differences in the vertical velocity of barbell and knee between the trials were seen at Phase 3 and Phase 4. A faster COM inferior velocity was seen in the successful trial at Phase 3. A more flexed knee angle was seen in the failed trial as compared to the successful trial at E3.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2011

집광채광 설비는 건축물의 조명에너지 절감 및 자연광의 실내 유입을 위해 적용 가능한 태양에너지설비로써 다른 신 재생 에너지 설비와 다르게 연간에너지생산에 대한 정량적 데이터가 아직까지 부재하다. 집광채광 설비의 설치효과를 판단하기 위해서는 집광채광 설비 설치에 따른 연간 에너지생산량 산출이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 각 구성부분(집광부, 전송부 및 산광부)의 광전송 효율에 대한 데이터가 구축되어야 한다. 본 연구는 집광채광 설비의 효율 분석에 관한 첫 번째 단계로써 외부광속에 대한 집광부 통과 직후의 내부광속의 비율을 예측하였다. 국내에 보급된 집광채광 설비는 대부분 프리즘형과 광덕트형이며, 우선적으로 집광부 입사면의 경사각과 방위각이 다양하여 내부광속 산출방법론이 매우 복잡한 프리즘형을 분석대상으로 삼았다. 전일사량, 외부조도 및 집광부 내부조도가 측정되었으며, 외부광속으로부터 내부광속을 산출하는 공식을 유도하기 위해 천공상태에 따라 전일사량 측정치가 직산분리 되었다. Perez model과 Liu and Jordon에 의해 제시된 계산식과 입사면 및 집광부 면적을 고려하여 수평면 외부조도 측정치로부터 외부광속이 그리고 내부조도로부터 내부광속이 산출되었다. 입사면의 투과율이 동일하다는 전제 하에 천공상태에 따른 태양광 투과 비율을 도출한 결과, 담천공(Kt ${\leq}$ 0.3)에서 0.39, 부분담천공(0.3${\geq}$ 0.78)에서 1.0으로 나타났다. 도출된 투과비율을 외부광속에 적용하여 내부광속을 계산한 결과치와 측정치는 약 ${\pm}9%$ 정도의 차이를 보였다. 연간 기상데이터에 위와 같은 방법론이 적용되면 프리즘형 집광부의 연간 내부광속이 산출될 수 있다. 또한 기존 연구에서 제시된 발광효율 산출식과 일사 파장에 따른 시감도를 고려하면 매 시간별 외부조도도 산출이 가능하다. 일사량 측정치와 외부조도 측정치 사이의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 결정계수 $R^2$이 0.99인데 반해 일사량 측정치와 외부조도 계산치 사이의 상관관계 결정계수는 0.95로 측정치 보다 약간 작은 값을 갖는다. 이렇게 산출된 외부조도는 각 입사면의 면적을 반영하여 외부광속으로 변환되고, 앞서 산출된 천공상태별 투과비율이 적용됨으로써 내부광속이 도출될 수 있다. 이와 같은 집광부에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 향후 전송부와 산광부 효율을 도출하고 궁극적으로 집광채광 설비를 통해 실내에 전달되는 연간 빛에너지를 예측할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 본 연구의 방법론은 다른 형태의 집광채광 설비에도 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 국내 집광채광 설비의 연간 에너지생산량에 대한 폭 넓은 데이터 구축이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

농업 비점오염원으로부터의 수질 보전이나 수자원 관리는 유역단위로 하는 것이 세계적 추세이며, 지형이 복잡한 우리나라에서는 더욱 효율적일 수 있다. 유역은 물이나 기타 물질들이 모여 강이나 더 큰 수계로 흘러드는 지표수의 범위라 표현할 수 있으며 그 범위를 정함에 따라 매우 중요한 의미를 지니게 된다. 특히, 강우에 따른 수자원의 유입과 유출이 토양을 통해 발생함에도 불구하고 기존의 유역단위 구분이 토양의 특성을 전혀 반영하지 못하고 있는 우리의 현실은 효율적 관리를 위한 유역단위 구분의 큰 단점으로 작용해왔다. 따라서, 농업적 관리뿐만 아니라 수질관리 및 수자원 관리를 위해서도 유역단위 특히, 소유역을 토양특성이 포괄하는 체계적 단위로 분류할 필요성이 있다. 토양학에서는 동일한 모재에서 유래된 일련의 토양이 미세지형에 따라 연속적으로 분포된 것을 Soil Catena(토양연접군)라고 한다. 이 토양연접군을 위주로 토양을 분류하게 되면 수문이나 기상현상 등의 주요 매질인 토양을 그룹화할 수 있는 가능성을 얻게 되고 이런 그룹화는 유역을 수계 위주의 유역군이 아닌 동일특성이나 유사특성을 나타낼 수 있는 유역군으로 분류가 가능하도록 유도할 것이므로, 이런 분류는 토양을 포함하는 다양한 수문모형의 적용성을 확대해 합리적 수자원 관리에 도움이 될 것이며 수자원 환경에 영향을 미치는 오염물질 관리에 대한 유역단위 보편성을 확보하고 농업에서의 최적관리를 가능하게 할 것이다. 우리나라 유역 세분화는 토양조사가 되어 있는 지역에만 한정해 분류에 이용했다. 대유역은 15개로 구분하였으며(그림 1), 중유역은 117개 소유역은 1,108개를 분석에 사용했다. 유역의 만곡도(하천의 실제길이 하천의 직선장) 산림의 비율(표준유역내 임지토양의 면적 / 소유역의 면적), 평탄지의 비율(표준유역내 평탄지의 비율 / 소유역의 면적), 다른 소유역으로부터의 유입이 있는지의 여부 등을 기본자료로 하였다. 이렇게 구분된 소유역은 유형적으로 보면 유사한 지형 및 토양특성에 따라 그룹화하였다. 유역내 평탄지가 유역면적의 25% 이상을 차지하는 지역을 평야지로 구분하며, 유역내 평탄지가 25% 미만이고 경사지가 45% 이상인 중간지, 유역내 평탄지가 25% 미만이고, 경사지가 45% 미만인 곳을 산간지로 구분하였다. 경사지는 산악지와 구릉지를 제외하여 모든 소유역을 모암 유래토양특성에 따라 16유형, 농업지대에 따라 3개의 유형으로 나눌 수 있으며 총 개의 유형으로 분류하였다. 이런 분류의 토대위에 향후 필요분야마다 구분이 가능한 기후특성을 포함시킨다면 최종적으로는 모든 것이 해설될 수 있는 유역군으로 만들 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 토양특징, 농업특징, 기후특징에 비점오염가능성 등 토지이용상 문제점등을 포괄한다면 다양한 자연현상을 기술할 수 있는 효과적인 유역군이 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2010

In order to manufacture Bacillus cereus-free fermented soybean products, an antimicrobial agentproducing isolate against B. cereus was obtained from 150 traditionally fermented soybean products. The morphological and biochemical tests and the phylogenetic relationship among 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate named as the strain SCK 121057 was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis. The B. licheniformis isolate began to produce the antimicrobial agent after 48 h of incubation. The agent was nonproteinaceous and insensitive to heat, long term storage and protease K. Electron microscopic observation indicated that the agent attacked the membrane of B. cereus, leaving the ghost cell. The isolate inhibited growth of B. subtilis, Lactobacillus brevis and various types of pathogenic strains including Escherichia coli, E. faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, and A. parasiticus as well as B. cereus. After coinoculation of B. licheniformis SCK 121057 and B. cereus in the ratio (as the basis of CFU/g sample) of 10 to 1 on the surface of cooked soybeans, cell numbers of B. cereus had been dramatically reduced after 31 days of incubation compared to those of single inoculation of B. cereus.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.231-259
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• 2006

Performance-based budgeting(hereafter PB2) is supposed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of public organizations. Governmental PB2 is based on output flow rather than input flow. Since 1990s, many OECD nations including New Zealand and the United States have been changing their budget system to PB2. The Korean Government has been using input-based budgeting focusing on the size of expenditures. In 1999, The Ministry of Planning and Budget(hereafter MPB) conducted pilot projects for divisions or agencies of governmental departments for the purpose of improving efficiency in expenditure, rationalizing budget allotments, and inducing budget savings. However, performance budgeting may also have problems in terms of measurement and application. Due to the fact that public goals are abstract and may vary, it is difficult to induce performance indicators from public goals. There also seem not to be any performance indicators which correspond with the conditions of desirable indicators, such as validity, reliability, clarity, practicality, controllability and so on. In terms of applying an original budgeting plan, the difficulty of linking performance and budgeting, the appearance of unintended negative effect and externalities, and the repulsion of subordinated agencies are expected. Now days, local government is going to introduce PB2. Same problem may happen in the local government. And Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to introduce PB2 onlocal government and review a alternative strategy with the purpose of smoothly settling performance budgeting on local government. That is the linkage of Balanced Scorecard(BSC) and PB2.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.2 s.51
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• pp.78-86
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• 1982

The ecological studies were conducted to identify some bark-beetles on apricot and plum trees in Jeonnam province. Harmful bark-beetles caught from apricot and plum trees were identified as Scolytus seulensis. Xyleborus atratus., X. germanus, X. rubricollis and X. saxeseni. The seoul barkbeetle emerged during the period from early May to late October $1980\~1981$, it happens twice in a year, with the peak July 10 and August 25 in 1950, July 15 and August 20 in 1981. A daily peak emerged for adults was at 11 AM to 1 PM. Distribution of holes on the apricot stems varied; more than 100 holes per meter in Henderson (Apricot) and Y-49057 (Apricot), 12 holes per meter in Derbyroyal (Apricot). Comparatively more holes were found in the European variety, and the cardinal distribution was in the order of east, south, west and north. The longer the longth of the mother-gallery, the greater number of egg-gallery found. Optimum temperature for mating was $27^{\circ}C$. The time for mating was longer during May-June than July-August. The fruit weight of damaged plum tree reached 12.25g around four weeks after flowering; where as that of normal tree increased up to 63.5g at harvest time. The natural enemy of the seoul bark beetle was Eurytoma sp. They were found as mature larva or pupa and they emerged from early May to the middle of June. Adult longevity was about a week.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2011

A medicinal herb, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni which is grown under physical stresses such as simulated microgravity, shaking, and low temperature for 4 days, showed fresh weight decrease of 3.6%, 21% and 8.7% compared with the respective control. On control plants, the radical scavenging value of DPPH represented 86% and 55%, respectively in the leaves and stems extracts. Relatively weak antioxidant activities of 22% and 27% were measured respectively in AA (ascorbic acid) and BHA (beta-hydroxyacetic acid) known as synthetic antioxidants. The radical scavenging effect of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydazal) in stevia plants under a simulated microgravity was observed to be consistently higher relative to the control, whereas those effects of shaking and low temperature treatments rapidly increased and then reduced after 6 hours in case of shaking process and 24 hours in case of low temperature treatment, which results had similar levels of scavenging effects to the control. The plants under simulated microgravity showed the highest level of activity with the value of 147% and the shaking and low temperature treatments showed the increases of SOD activity by 121% and 125%, respectively. From the above results, it is clarified that the simulated microgravity is more effective to the antioxidant activity than those of other abiotic stresses.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

Two bacterial strains, named as LE17 and LE22, were isolated from traditionally fermented soybean products in order to select lactic acid bacteria for the reduction of biogenic amines and harmful bacteria. Both strains were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and additional biochemical tests. The strain LE17 reduced the amines by 13.7% for histamine and by 25.9% for tyramine, when it grew in minimal synthetic media containing 0.1% (w/v) histamine and 0.1% tyramine at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, while the strain LE22 reduced the amines by 23.7% for histamine and by 15.7% for tyramine. Both strains also had broad inhibition spectra against pathogens. Considering their properties, they could be used as starters for industrial soybean fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.202-215
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• 1994

This research aims to introduce the theoretical basis of the studies of tourism resources, by review the research trends of tourism resources in the geography field. The geographical approaches to tourism resouces can be subdicided into 3 categories according to the subject. First, the classification of tourism resource types and the approach on the spatial distribution may be enumerated. This subject has been the object of the most interest and discussion to the geographers for tourism up to now. And from the viewpoint of contents, it has been developed by classifying the types of tourism resoures, which is based on the establishment of the range and standard of tourism resources and the spatial classification of types based on the distribution feature of the area. Second, the approach about cognition, preference and interpretation on the tourism resources as the background to induce tourism phenomenon and decide the tourism destination. Judging from the fact that most of this subject is starting from the behavioural study and that the right understanding and interpretation of tourism resource is the important factor to decide the preference degree of tourists, we have to have much interest about the field of tourism geoaraphy. Third, the development of tourism resources which is showing the active study recently and its influence and effect attendant upon it may be enumerated. Today, as the economic value of tourism is become important internationally, tourism resources are recognized as the important factor to induce the industrialization of tourism. And in the series of analytical studies related to it the interest has been transferred from the economic benefit analysis attendant upon tourism development including tourism resource and to the cultural, educational, environmental and psychological influence, etc. As the result of composite examination, for the geographical studies about tourism resources, the spatial scale and the contents are being subdivided and specialized. And in the side of subject and method of study, it is developing into the positive study based on the concrete data and the measuring and analytical frame.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2014

We have screened Bacillus strains suitable for the fermentation of soybean products with respect to the control of Bacillus cereus and the reduction of biogenic amines. Of 26 isolates, a strain named as the SCK A08 carried antimicrobial activity against B. cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, major food poisoning species in soybean products. PCR analysis revealed that the SCK A08 strain did not contain genes for Bacillus cereus toxins including nonhemolytic enterotoxin, hemolytic enterotoxin, cytotoxin K, cereulide and certrax. The SCK A08 strain could degrade histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine by 67.41%, 76.59%, 57.32%, and 50.69%, respectively, during fermentation in cooked soybeans containing 0.5% (w/w) of each biogenic amine. The morphological and biochemical properties and phylogenetic relationships based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis. Use of the strain SCK A08 would be a potential measure to overcome two hygienic problems that were frequently faced during manufacture of traditionally fermented soybean products.