• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1775-1780
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• 2011

In this paper, it is analyzed about the mechanical characteristics of pedicle screw system which is a artificial implant for surgery to treatment serious lumbar vertebra diseases. The disk of lumbar vertebra to be fixed by pedicle screw system shows regressive phenomena. But if flexible rod, to give a flexibility(under 6 degree) to fixable disk is applied, it can protect against the degeneration of disk. This research is carried out a mechanical characteristic of pedicle screw system used flexible rod through finite elements analysis, and then flexible rod system was verified about safe movement through compression, tension and torsion test which is the pedicle screw system official recognition test(ASTM F 1717).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.863-868
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• 1995

Electroacupuncture therapy was performed in 2 dogs with thoracolumbar disc disease. Case was a 3-year-old female chihuahua with a calcified disc between the 13th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae. Treatment was done by electroacupuncture at San sho yu, Shen yu, Huan tiao and Fu yang-San yin jiao with the current of 0.5~8 volts, 30 Hz for 30 min. She could pass feces and urine 2 days, and walk 9 days after the beginning of the therapy. Case 2 Was a 6-year-old male cocker spaniel with 4 calcified discs(T12-T13, T13-L1, L2-L3 and L6-L7) and spondylosis(lumbosacral junction). Treatment was done by electroacupuncture at Tian ping, Bai hui and Pung kung yu with the current of 2~4 volts, 30 Hz for 20 min. He could pass feces 6 days, urine 8 days, and stand 21 days, after the beginning of the therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.244-247
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• 2005

Although several artificial disc designs have been developed for the treatment of discogenic low back pain and used clinically, biomechanical change with its implantation seldom studied. To evaluate the effect of artificial disc implantation on the biomechanics of lumbar spinal unit, nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of L1-L5, S1 was developed and strain and stress of vertebral body and surrounding spinal ligaments were predicted. Intact osteoligamentous L1-L5, S1 model was created with 1-mm CT scan of a volunteer and known material property of each element were applied. This model also includes the effect of local muscles which was modeled with pre-strained spring elements. The intact model was validated with reported biomechanical data. Two models implanted with artificial discs, SB Charite or Prodisc, at L4/5 via anterior approach were also developed. The implanted model predictions were compared with that of intact model. Angular motion of vertebral body, force on spinal ligaments, facet joint contact force with $2\sim12$ Nm flexion-extension moment.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to figure out the effects of Open Laser Microdiscectomy(OLM) on deep muscles by comparing multifidus and longissimus muscle size (cross section area; CSA) of pre and post operation. Methods : The subjects consisted of forty patients who had OLM. The data were analyzed with paired t-test comparing left and right deep muscle CSA of pre and post-operation, and both the deep muscle CSA of pre and post-operation, using SPSS ver. 15.0 program. Results : The results of this study showed a significant difference in deep muscle size (CSA) between pre and post operation (p<.05). Although there was not a meaningful difference between right and left deep muscle size (CSA) in pre operation (p>.05), there was a significant difference between both of them in post operation (p<.05). Conclusion : Therefore we made the conclusion that the operation causes decrease of muscle tone in deep muscles and muscle imbalance by causing muscle atrophy in the lumbar deep muscle after the operation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.122-127
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• 2011

A 5-year old, intact male, Cocker spaniel dog was referred with paraplegia and loss of deep pain perception. Physical, neurological examinations, radiography, and computed tomography were evaluated. Based on the clinical examinations, the dog was diagnosed with severe disc herniation ($L_2$ to $L_3$ intervertebral disc space). On the next day of presentation (6 days after loss of deep pain perception), hemilaminectomy was performed. After decompression of spinal cord and removal of herniated disc materials, $1{\times}10^6$ canine allogenic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) diluted by $50{\mu}l$ saline were directly applied to the injured site of the spinal cord. Ten weeks of follow-up after surgery, full recovery of deep pain perception and motor function were evaluated in both hind limbs. Based on the result, we suggest that the transplantation of allogenic adipose tissue-derived MSCs to dogs with spinal cord injuries could be a considerable method to expect better clinical outcomes in veterinary practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5254-5260
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between lumber Herniated Nuclesus Pulposus of specific part and fat infiltration in paraspinal muscle. Also we intended to find the relationship between Body Mass Index(BMI) and fat infiltration ratio in the lumber paraspinal muscle based on the sexes of patients. We conducted this study of patients who visited our hospital from May, 2010 to May, 2012. The subjects are composed of 40 patients(20 females and 20 males), who are 30 to 50 years old suffering from severe lumber herniated nuclesus pulposus, who had or were going to have operation treatment. BMI is measured through anthropometry of each patient and fat infiltration inside the muscle is estimated by measuring the cross section area of lumbar paraspinal muscle from mid-cross section of disc(L2-S1) and fat infiltration ratio. The data of this study are analyzed by independent t-test to figure out the difference of fat infiltration between male and female, and by paired sample T-test after getting mean and standard deviation to find the changes of fat infiltration of lumbar on each level. Also correlation analysis is done by setting age as a control variable to find the correlation between BMI and fat infiltration of the whole lumbar. As a result, we could get only the meaningful difference between the sexes on upper lumber part(L2-L3) while we couldn't find any significant difference in the rest of lumbar(L3-S1). Besides, the changes of fat infiltration ratio on each lumbar level increased rapidly from lumbar 3,4 to lumbar 4,5. We also found that there is no correlation between fat infiltration ratio of lumbar paraspinal muscle(L2-S1) and BMI.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the clinical characteristics of 6 patients who were not improved after admitted conservative treatment in this 311 patients. Methods : We retrospectivety reviewed 311 patients of Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Disc which undenvent admitted conservative treatment from November 1997 to June 2000. 311 patients were diagnosed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in addition to physical examination. Other complications were not detected in 311 patients with Hemiated Lumbar Intervertebral Disc. In case that the scoliosis appeared to caused by severe pain, we included this scoliosis patient with the object of survey. Results : 1. In 6 patients who were not improved, 4 patients were large herniation and 2 patients were medium herniation. 2. In all of 6 patients, the angle of straight leg raising test was low and was not imporved unril discharge. 3. X-ray findings showed straightening in all of 6 patients, disc space narrowing in 3 of 6 patients. 4. X-ray findings showed scoliosis in 3 of 4 patients who were severe pain. 5. The onset was relarively long from 30 days to 7 years. 6. The age was relatively young from 10's to 30's. 7. The adimission date was ralatively long from 32 days to 105 days. Conclusions : In 6 patients, there were observed much volume of disc herniation, low angle of straight leg raising test, young people in an age group, straightening of x-ray finding.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

Objectives To analyze the resorption of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc on MRI in patients who were treated with Korean Medicine. Methods 78 patients with lumbar disc herniation were included, 47 males and 32 females. Patients' diagnosis was based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All of the patients were only treated with Korean Medicine for 6 months treatment, and underwent MRI examination twice, pre-treatment and post-treatment. MR images were assessed by reduction in diameter of T2-weighted image between pre-treatment and post-treatment, and analyzed by differences in sex, age and disc type. Results 91.2% (71 people) of total patients had extrusion type. Korean medicine treatment reduced lumbar disc herniation diameter of all the patients from 7.11 mm to 3.67 mm on average (p<0.001). The reduction of diameter in the male group was 3.52 mm on average. The reduction of diameter in the female group was 3.32 mm on average. The reduction of diameter was 3.28 mm in the group below age 29, 3.88 mm in the 30~39 age group, 3.39 mm in the 40~49 age group, and 2.71 mm in the above 50 age group on average. Conclusions The MRI results suggest that lumbar herniated disc can resorb with Korean Medicine treatment. The likelihood of lumbar disc resorption was higher at extrusion type. but there was not a significant difference between the sexes and between ages.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of Korean Medicine treatment on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and predictive factors associated with disc resorption by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 79 lumbar disc herniation patients who had visited Haeundae Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. Patients' diagnosis was based on MRI. MRI was performed on two or more occasions and patients were received Korean Medicine treatment within the period. The volume of each herniated disc was measured three-dimensionally and patient characteristics, interval between MRIs, herniated disc level, disc herniation type, disc migration, intactness of posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), initial volume of herniated disc, modic change, disc resorption rate were statistically analyzed. Results The mean volumes of herniated discs before Korean Medicine treatment and after Korean Medicine treatment were $1,547.81{\pm}598.15mm^3$ and $947.06{\pm}335.28mm^3$, respectively. The mean resorption rate was $35.7{\pm}16.3%$. Disc extent, intactness of PLL and initial volume of herniated discs were significantly correlated with resorption rate (p=0.003, p=0.001 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusions Korean Medicine treatment is an effective conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation. Factors such as disc migration, intactness of PLL, initial volume of herniated disc have a significant association with disc resorption rate.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2007

The therapy by injection-acupuncture (AP) with bee-venom (apitoxin) and injection-AP with apitoxin combined by administration of Chinese herbal medicine was applied in 2 cases with canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Case 1 was diagnosed as thoraco-lumbar IVDD (T11-T12, T12-T13, L3-L4 and L4-L5) and case 2 was diagnosed as IVDD at T10-T11 and T12-T13, respectively Injection-AP with apitoxin($Apitoxinc{(R)}$, total $200{\mu}g$ of apitoxin, 0.1 ml/acupoint) plus physical exercise (walking with gocart, TID/day) and aquatherapy (swimming treatment, BID/week) were given to each patient. The used acupoints were GV20 (Bai Hui), GB30 (Huan Tiao), ST36 (Zu San Li), GB34 (Yang Ling Quan), ST40 (Feng Long), ST41 (Jie Xi) and BL40 (Wei Zhong), the lesions, and trigger points. In addition, Chinese herbal medicine (Koda Pharmaceutical Co., Taiwan) including Zheng Gu Zi Jin Dan (正骨紫金丹 : 1 g), Shiuh Duann(續斷 : 0.2 g), Du Zhong(杜仲 : 0.2 g), Mo Yao(沒藥 : 0.2 g), Ru Xian(乳香 : 0.2 g) and Pyrite(自然銅 : 0.2 g) were orallly mdeicated BID for 0\9days in case 2. Walking was possible after session 11 for 4 weeks in case 1 and after session 6 for 2 weeks in case 2, respectively.