• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1985

Dimensional variation of secondary xylem elements, such as vessel element and fiber, was investigated in root, stem and branch of Alnus hirsuta and A. firma. It is clear that vessel diameter in the root is the widest, next in the stem, and the least in the branch. Length of vessel element among them becomes, however, larger in following sequence; stem, root, and branch, whereas fiber diameter and length are the widest in the root, the second in the stem, and the least in the branch. The size of secondary xylem element at any one level in tree increases from the center (pith) of the organs through a number of annual rings to the outer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2014

In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation on patients with brain injury by ICF factor in previous studies and examine the application of recent community-based rehabilitation program. Total 15 articles that satisfied the selection criteria were divided by ICF factors to obtain the effect size. Homogeneity and publication bias were tested for those selected papers. As a result, the overall effect size of community-based rehabilitation was 0.22; the effect size by physical function and structure among the ICF factors came to be 0.21; and the effect size of activity and participation was 0.20, indicating a small effect size. The studies involved in a meta-analysis were considered as the absence of heterogeneity and publication bias, which indicates that the results of this study are subjectively reliable. These results well explained the level of change on ICF factors, especially physical function and structure, activity and participation, in other words, the intervention effect of community-based rehabilitation on patients with brain injury.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

Safety estimation of the pillar between parallel tunnels are very important considering stress concentration in case the piller width is not enough to secure the stability. Pillar width needs to be determined properly because of the progressive failure-risk of pillar due to stress-concentration. In this research, the effect of element size in numerical analysis was evaluated based on that yield pillar's stability and proposed systematic analysis about pilar's stability examination. In consequence of it, element size does not give any effect on intensity stress ratio. On the other hand, the analysis using the smaller element size results in lower safety factor in strength reduction technique. In case of the weathered re.k on the main ground layer, the analysis of result was not reliable. In conclusion, the smaller element size is, the more stable factor is.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.790-792
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 컬러 영상에서 얼굴 구성요소 융합을 이용하여 얼굴 영역을 검출하는 방법을 제시한다. 먼저 광범위한 조명 환경과 인종을 포괄하는 피부색의 범위를 이용해 피부 영역을 검출하고. 영역 그룹화로 후보 얼굴 영역을 찾는다. 색 정보를 이용해 얼굴 구성요소(눈, 입)를 검출한 후, 검출된 구성요소와 구성요소 간의 관계를 융합하여 주어진 영상에서 얼굴 영역을 검출한다. 본 논문이 제안하는 구성요소 융합 방법은 구성요소 간의 관계에 대한 불확실성을 고려하고 있어, 구성요소간의 최적의 조합으로 얼굴의 크기와 포즈, 조명의 변화가 어느 정도 허용된 얼굴 검출이 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.15-17
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• 2001

BLDC 전동기의 제작시 영구자석의 가격은 전체 가격을 결정하는데 높은 비중을 갖는다. 이런 영구자석의 크기를 최적화시킬 수 있다면 비용절감이 예상된다. 본 논문은 BLDC 전동기에서 고가(高價)의 영구자석의 재료비용을 절감시키기 위한 설계방법을 제시한다. 기본적인 설계방법은 영구자석 내부에서 적정한 동작점을 갖는 한계 내에서 영구자석의 크기를 줄이는 것이다. 그리고 전동기의 전체크기를 비례적으로 증가시킴으로써 요구되는 기본파 자속을 보상한다. BLDC 전동기의 자기적 특성은 유한요소법을 사용하여 해석하였다. 회전자의 위치에 따라 계산되는 유한요소 해석결과의 magnetic vector potential을 이용하여 권선의 자속을 계산하였고, 기본파의 성분은 푸리에 변환으로 얻었다. 설계사례로서 영구자석 대 기타부분의 비용을 각각 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50으로 가정할 때 기존 전동기 비용에 대해서 크기가 새로이 조정된 전동기 비용을 비교 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.1399-1401
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• 2012

memcached는 기존 RDBMS의 한계를 극복하기 위해 나온 소프트웨어 중 하나이다. memcached는 여러 장점들이 있어 많은 곳에서 활용되지만 주의할 점이 있어 사용 시 몇 가지 요소들을 적절히 설정하여 사용해야 한다. memcached는 기존메모리 할당방식 대신 slab allocater를 통해 메모리를 관리하여 입력되는 데이터의 크기에 맞춰 slab class의 chunk에 저장된다. 입력되는 데이터의 크기에 따라 저장된다는 memcached의 특성 때문에 slab chunk 크기를 조정하는 요소를 상황에 맞게 정해준다면 보다 효율적인 메모리 사용을 할 수 있다는 것을 실험을 통해 검증해보았고, 이 실험을 통해 나온 결과는 memcached를 사용하는 많은 분야에서 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2011

This paper describes an analysis on the relationship between elemental image size and object locations in the computational integral imaging reconstruction and in the pickup using a periodically-distributed lenslet array. A sparse sampling effect arises from a periodically-distributed lenslet array in the pickup of 3D objects. The relationship between elemental image size and object location is also reported. Based on the analysis, a method to eliminate the sparse sampling is proposed. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental results are carried out. It turns out that the theory works.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.265-277
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of displacement pattern depending on type of sliding jig and application method during maxillary molar distalization with temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Materials and Methods: Maxilla with normal tooth size and arch shape was selected to create a 3-dimensional finite element model, which included the bracket, orthodontic main archwire, removable sliding jig (R-jig). The orthodontic mini-implant anchorage was set 8 mm superiorly from main archwire, buccally between the second premolar and first molar. The base experimental design was Condition 1, which was composed $0.019{\times}0.025$ inch stainless steel (SS) of wire size of R-jig, 200 gm force, un-tied state. And the other designs varied to wire size of R-jig, magnitude of force. The results are as follows. Results: As the wire size of R-jig was increased, the deformation of R-jig was decreased. However, the displacement of second molar wasn't different each other. As the force to second molar was increased, the more displacement of second molar was observed, and the more distal tipping movement, vetical displacement was observed. Conclusion: R-jig can get distal teeth movement in orthodontic treatment without side effects.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

In this paper, statistical volume element modeling method was developed for multi-scale progressive failure analysis of fiber reinforced composite materials. Big-size statistical volume elements (BSVEs) was considered to minimize the size effect in the micro-scale, by including as many fibers as possible. For that purpose, a mesh cutting method is suggested and adapted into the fiber model generator that creates finite element domain rapidly. The fiber defect model was also developed based on the experimental distribution of the fiber strength. The size effects from the local load sharing (LLS) are evaluated by increasing the fiber inclusion in the micro-scale model. Finally, continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model to the fiber direction was extracted from numerical analysis on BSVEs. And it was compared with strength prediction from typical representative volume element (RVE) model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 1990

In this paper, a methodology for the automatic design of the optimal systolic arrays is proposed. Algorithm transformation is the main mathematical tool on which this methodology is based. Also, technique for partitioning algorithm into systolic arrays is presented. Algorithm partitioning is essential when the size of the computational problem is larger than the size of the array. This study results in (a) reduction of the design time of systolic arrays for given algorithms, (b) CRT display of the structures of systolic arrays, and (c) automatic designing of the optimal systolic array by the criteria such as the number of processing elements, bands, and communication paths. The procedure for these results was programmed using HP BASIC language on HP-9836 computer.