• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2012

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is a highly-effective aftertreatment device for NOx reduction of diesel engines. Generally, the ammonia ($NH_3$) was generated from reaction mechanism of SCR in the SCR system using the liquid urea as the reluctant. Therefore, the precise urea dosing control is a very important key for NOx and $NH_3$ slip reduction in the SCR system. This paper investigated NOx and $NH_3$ emission characteristics of urea-SCR dosing system based on model-based control algorithm in order to reduce NOx. In the map-based control algorithm, target amount of urea solution was determined by mass flow rate of exhaust gas obtained from engine rpm, torque and $O_2$ for feed-back control NOx concentration should be measured by NOx sensor. Moreover, this algorithm can not estimate $NH_3$ absorbed on the catalyst. Hence, the urea injection can be too rich or too lean. In this study, the model-based control algorithm was developed and evaluated on the numerical model describing physical and chemical phenomena in SCR system. One channel thermo-fluid model coupled with finely tuned chemical reaction model was applied to this control algorithm. The vehicle test was carried out by using map-based and model-based control algorithms in the NEDC mode in order to evaluate the performance of the model based control algorithm.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2010

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, the performance characteristics of urea-SCR system with open loop control were assessed in the European Transient Cycle(ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The SCR inlet temperaure varied in the range of 200 to $340^{\circ}C$ in the ETC cycle. Open loop control calculated the urea flow rate based on the NOx and NSR map which gave for each combination of SCR inlet temperature and space velocity the normalized $NH_3$ to NOx stoichiometric ratio which resulted in a steady-state $NH_3$ slip of 20ppm. During the ETC cycle, the open loop control with the optimized NSR offset achieved NOx reduction of 80% while keeping the average $NH_3$ slip below 10ppm and maximum 20ppm. It was also found that NOx sensor was cross-sensitive to $NH_3$ and a control strategy for cross-sensitivity compensation was required in order to use a NOx sensor as feedback device.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2014

From now on, in order to meet more stringer diesel emission standard, diesel vehicle should be equipped with emission after-treatment devices as NOx reduction catalyst and particulate filters. Urea-SCR is being developed as the most efficient method of reducing NOx emissions in the after-treatment devices of diesel engines, and recent studies have begun to mount the urea-SCR device for diesel passenger cars and light duty vehicles. That is because their operational characteristics are quite different from heavy duty vehicles, urea solution injection should be changed with other conditions. Therefore, the number and diameter of the nozzle, injection directions, mounting positions in front of the catalytic converter are important design factors. In this study, major design parameters concerning urea solution injection in front of SCR are optimized by using a CFD analysis and Taguchi method. The computational prediction of internal flow and spray characteristics in front of SCR was carried out by using STAR-CCM+7.06 code that used to evaluate $NH_3$ uniformity index($NH_3$ UI). The design parameters are optimized by using the $L_{16}$ orthogonal array and small-the-better characteristics of the Taguchi method. As a result, the optimal values are confirmed to be valid in 95% confidence and 5% significance level through analysis of variance(ANOVA). The compared maximize $NH_3$ UI and activation time($NH_3$ UI 0.82) are numerically confirmed that the optimal model provides better conversion efficiency of $NH_3$. In addition, we propose a method to minimize wall-wetting around the urea injector in order to prevent injector blocks caused by solid urea loading. Consequently, the thickness reduction of fluid film in front of mixer is numerically confirmed through the mounting mixer and correcting injection direction by using the trial and error method.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

기후변화 대응을 위하여, 항공 분야를 포함한 운송 분야에서 국제온실가스 감축제도 도입 추진 및 대체 에너지 개발 등 환경문제에 대한 연구개발이 활발하다. 그 중 무탄소 에너지원으로 주목받는 암모니아 연료에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 암모니아는 액화 및 운반이 용이하며, 메탄올과 비슷한 에너지 밀도 등의 장점이 있다. 그러나 폭발성 및 독성으로 취급성이 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 암모니아에 비해 취급이 용이한 요소수에 고온의 수분으로 열분해와 가수분해 반응을 유도하여 안정적인 암모니아 발생을 시도하고자 하였다. 암모니아 가수분해 촉진을 위해 고온의 증기를 이용하였고 이론 당량비 미만의 암모니아 발생원인 규명을 하고자 했다. 기체분자운동론에 기인하여 가수분해 촉진을 위한 충분한 충돌빈도가 이루어지지 않았다는 가설을 수립했다. 수분 공급량 변화를 통해 미반응 이소시안산의 가수분해 여부를 실험하였고 암모니아 발생량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 일정 구간동안 암모니아 발생량 증가는 증기 온도, 수분공급유량에 종속됨을 알 수 있었다.