• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.169-187
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• 2011

The present study explored psychosocial characteristics of infants with genital anomalies (GA) and their caregivers against normal controls. Participants were female caregivers and infants between the ages of 6to38months diagnosed with hypospadias(HS;n=103) or cryptorchidism (CR;n=49). Normalcontrols(n=131) were recruited and selected via Internet. Caregivers completed measures on parenting stress, coping style, social support, and infant temperament. Within the GAgroups, HScaregivers reported their greatest parental concerns as infant urination/bodily functioning difficulties whereas CRcaregivers reported worries related to surgical anesthesia issues. Both groups reported concern about their children's potential reproductive problems. Per caregiver report, infants with GA had lower ability to self-soothe. HS infants in particular were perceived as exhibiting greater negative emotion. Compared with controls, HS and CRcaregivers overall employed coping strategies more frequently and had lower interpersonal sensitivity and parental distress. However, HScaregivers emerged as experiencing higher stress when compared to the CRgroup. There were no differences in to tal parenting stress and social support scores between groups. Further, CRcaregivers reported lower levels of family discord than controls. Despite temperament-related differences between infants with GA and normal controls, HS and CRcaregivers reported lower parental distress and greater use of coping skills as compared to controls. Clinical implications are discussed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2009

A six-month-old Boston terrier presented with an extruded penis caudally, incompletely formed preputial sheath, bifid scrotum, retained testicle and deformity of the os penis. On physical examination, the urethral orifice was located on the surface of the perineum and a fibrous band was observed running from the grans to the urethral orifice on the perineum. The dog also had urethritis that was infected by ascending bacteria entering through the contaminated urethral orifice. Corrective surgery was undertaken to excise the external genitalia and retained testicle. The prepuce, penis and retained testicles were successfully excised. After the urethral orifice was cleaned periodically and antibiotics were administrated, recurrent urethritis disappeared. Using this therapeutic regime it is not necessary to reconstruct the anomaly located urethral orifice, if the location of urethral orifice is not the cause of recurrent urethritis and urinary incontinence.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.961-964
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• 1999

A six-month-old, male mongrel dog presented with wet ventral abdominal skin hairs and a short prepuce with penis. In physical examination, the penis was underdeveloped with fusion failure of the prepuce and the urethral opening was in the transitional area between os penis and perineal region. The radiological shape of urinary bladder was normal in positive contrast cystography and there was no any other routes except the observed urethral opening. Cryptochidism was also shown. It was diagnosed as hypospadia. Treatment included castration and resection of remnants of the prepuce and penis.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2009

A male baby with intrauterine growth retardation had a short neck, small hands and feet, hypospadia, both grade I hydronephrosis, type II atrial septal defect, and moderate valvular pulmonary stenosis. The routine chromosome and banding analyses revealed a 46,XY,rec(8)del(8)(p21)dup(8) (q24.1)inv(8)(p21q24.1)pat chromosome constitution. His mother has normal chromosomes, but the father had 46,XY,inv(8)(p21q24.n Also his uncle had an inv(8) chromosome constitution. We used lymphocytes and examined 40 mitotic cells. All mitotic cells showed deletion of 8p21-->pter and duplication of 8q24.1 -->qter. Because Sp21 involves secretion of macrophage and lymphocyte against cancer cells, long-term follow-up for cancer will be needed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2009

Purpose: Urethral reconstruction following failed hypospadias repair is difficult because of a severe shortage of the skin on ventral surface of the penis. We experienced a successful reconstruction of a failed hypospadias repair using the radial forearm free flap. So we present our case. Methods: A 16 - year - old boy had a proximal shaft hypospadias and had been taken a transverse preputial island flap but it completely broke down. There was no spare skin on the shaft of the penis. So we reconstructed a neo - urethra and the ventral skin of the penis with the radial forearm free flap. Results: Postoperatively he made relatively good process. The urethral catheter was maintained for 10 days and self - voiding was started. The suprapubic catheter was removed at the postoperative 30th day after control of cystitis. The postoperative appearance of the penis is acceptable and a straight erection is achieved. Conclusion: In the scarred penis with hypospadias, the radial forearm free flap transfer is a reliable reconstructive method for the neo - urethra and the ventral skin of the penis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.352-355
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• 2012

Hypospadias is a rare congenital malformation of the urethra reported in cattle. The urethral lumen of male indigenous Korean calf is open along the ventral aspect of the penis in the perineal region. Renal abscess and renal stone formation causing urinary tact infection has not been reported in hypospadia calves. The objective of this study was investigation for renal abscess and renal stone formation through autopsy. Histopathological examination and laboratory tests were performed. At autopsy, the pustules were formed on the right renal cortex, and the renal medulla abscess were formed on right and left part of the renal pelvis. Histopathological finding, this case was diagnosed as severe acute suppurative and necrotizing pyelonephritis, and severe chronic interstitial nephritis with fibrosis and moderate multifocal acute cystitis with edema. Milky exudate of the kidney has been identified as Actinomyces meyeri using the VITEK-2 system for identification of bacteria, and the stone has been identified as carbonate apatite using FT-IR system for quantification analysis. This case report describe the hypospadias complicated with urinary tract infection due to carbonate apatite stones and Actinomyces meyeri.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.288-291
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• 2007

Hypospadias is a malformation in which the urethra open on the ventral side of the penis and its frequency is about from 0.3% to 0.5% male birth in human. It is considered a disorder both genetic and environmental factors involves in pathogenesis. A KNC(Korean native calf) showing symptoms of fusion defect of the male ventral urethra, penile defect, bifid scrotum and low body weigh was born. To prevent an ascending urinary tract infection, dermatitis and loss of hair, surgical operation was performed to make a genitals like a female. After the operation, the KNC got a regenerative hair and normal urination. However the KNC became anorexia, loss in weight and weak. Seventy days after birth, the KNC died. The view of autopsy was a yellowish hepatomegaly, hydronephrosis, closed ureter and complex disorder in interanl organ. The symptoms of hepatomegaly and hydronephrosis could be due to a fluid therapy as a consequence of ureter obstruction. The normal urination of the KNC before it got sick, suggested that ureter obstruction in the case of this KNC was formed at its postnatal growth stage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.622-628
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to ascertain the clinical manifestations and associated cardiac anomalies of dextrocardia. Methods : Twenty-four pediatric patients, who were admitted to, or visited, Dongsan Medical Center Keimyung University and were diagnosed with dextrocardia between January 1996 and July 2001, were enrolled in this study. All patients received echocardiogram and abdominal ultrasonogram to identify structural cardiac anomalies and visceral position. Results : Among 24 patients, 7 cases were situs solitus(29.2%), 10 cases(41.6%) were situs inversus and 7 cases(29.2%) were situs ambiguous. Most were diagnosed within a week of life(87.5%). They were most commonly cyanotic(45.8%), but eleven cases(45.8%) had no specific symptoms or signs. Nineteen cases(79.2%) had accompanied cardiac anomalies, and pulmonary stenosis or atresia were the most common among them. All the cases of situs solitus and ambiguous had associated cardiac anomalies, but half of the situs inversus had that. Eleven cases were dead by cardiac or extracardiac anomalies during follow up and the mortality rate was higher in situs solitus or ambiguous group than situs inversus group. Conclusion : Dextrocardia accompanies different cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. It's very important to diagnose dextrocardia and associated cardiac or extracardiac anomalies in the early stages of life to improve prognosis.