• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.8-15
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• 2009

Although traditional single-hop cellular networks had been serving well in past years, they are no longer economically feasible in supporting high data-rate, multimedia services of $4^{th}$Generation (4G) communications due to the requirement of high transmission power By contrast, multi-hop cellular networks (MCN) are capable of dramatically saving the transmission power by overlaying the capability of ad hoc networking among mobile terminals on the cellular network infrastructure. To achieve this performance gain as well as enable 4G services, an efficient routing protocol needs to be designed for MCN. In this paper, we propose a reactive route discovery protocol for MCN that uses directional information to the base station in the route discovery process. Our analysis/simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed protocol significantly reduces flooding overheads. In addition, we consider issues for 4G services in MCN and applications of the proposed protocol.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.90-94
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• 2004

본 고에서는 지금까지의 통신 서비스의 주류를 형성했던 접속 중심의 서비스가 한계상황에 도달함에 따라 사업자 또는 네트워크 장비측면에서 그 대안으로 부각되고 있는 응용 및 솔루션 기반의 멀티서비스를 제공하기 위한 액세스네트워크 차원의 구축 방안을 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 지금까지의 액세스네트워크는 음성 서비스면 음성 서비스에 적합하게, 데이터 서비스면 데이터 서비스에 적합한 구도로 구축되어 왔지만 향후에는 멀티서비스를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 망 구조를 단순화하고 트래픽을 집선하며 가입자에 대한 인증 및 개별 과금 등과 연계될 수 있도록 하며, 서비스에 따라 QoS 및 라우팅할 수 있는 기능이 요구된다. 이러한 요구사항을 제공할 수 있는 방안으로 기존 네트워크 상에 별도 시스템을 통해 구축하는 방안과 시스템 내부 기능을 통해 구축하는 방안의 두 가지를 비교하고 향후의 바람직한 구축 방향을 살펴보고자 한다. 본 고의 구성은 다음과 같다. 2장에서는 현재 국내 액세스네트워크의 구축 연혁 및 구조를, 3장에서는 멀티서비스 중심의 서비스 체계로의 전환의 당위성과 멀티서비스를 제공하기 위한 요구사항, 기능을 구체화하고 현재 및 신규 액세스네트워크를 위한 구조를 비교한다. 그리고 마지막 4장에서는 바람직한 액세스네트워크의 구조의 방향을 제안하고 결론을 맺는다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2013

In recent years, with the development of devices to collect multimedia data such as small CMOS camera sensor and micro phone, studies on wireless multimedia sensor network technologies and their applications that extend the existing wireless sensor network technologies have been actively done. In such applications, various basic schemes such as the processing, storage, and transmission of multimedia data are required. Especially, a security for real world environments is essential. In this paper, in order to defend the sniffing attack in various hacking techniques, we propose a multipath routing scheme for physically avoiding the data transmission path from the risk factors. Our proposed scheme establishes the DEFCON of the sensor nodes that are geographically close to risk factors and the priorities according to the importance of the data. Our proposed scheme performs risk factor detour multipath routing through a safe path considering the DEFCON and data priority. Our experimental results show that although our proposed scheme takes the transmission delay time by about 5% over the existing scheme, it reduces the eavesdropping rate that can attack and intercept data by the risk factor by about 18%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1250-1256
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• 2018

Recently, wireless networks are becoming an important infrastructure for the critical large-scale applications such as cyber-physical systems and next generation industrial automations. However, the fundamental performance uncertainty of wireless networks may incur the serious instability problem of the overall systems. This paper proposes the proactive network optimizer to guarantee the application demands without any real-time link monitoring information of the networks. In particularly, the proposed proactive optimizer is the cross-layer approach to jointly optimize the routing path and traffic distribution in order to guarantee the performance demand within a maximum k number of link faults. Through the simulations, the proposed proactive network optimizer provides better robustness than the traditional existing reactive networks. Furthermore, the proactive network does not expose to the major weakness of the reactive networks such as the performance degradation due to the erroneous link monitoring information and the network reconfiguration cost.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.11B
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• pp.707-721
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• 2005

Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in data traffic, driven primarily by the explosive growth of the Internet. Optical networking is believed as a key solution to keep up with the growth, thus, the most pressing issue is how to manage and control large optical networks. Currently, provisioning end-to-end connections across the transport network has involved the network operator, leading to long provisioning times in an era when customers are demanding shorter provisioning time. To address this critical issue, new control intelligence is being studied for use within optical networks to shorten provisioning time. Both the IETF and the ITU-T have been aggressively defining many aspects of a control plane for the next generation convergence transport network. Basically, they are based on the distributed control scheme. In this Paper, we suey the applicability of the centralized control scheme for the provisioning control of optical transport network to utilize its inherent advantages over the distributed control scheme. We discuss new central control architecture, and control procedure. Also, we examine the applicability of the existing IETF routing and signaling protocols to the new control concepts, and then, we propose the additional routing and signaling information elements.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.352-362
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• 2008

In the mobile ad hoc network, network nodes are continuously capable of movement, but have battery limitations and these characteristics of MANET cause network link failure. Therefore, when performing ubiquitous services with the application of MANET, a technique is required to improve the packet transmission rates as to enable continuous packet transmission while flexibly adapting to topology changes caused by the mobility of nodes. In this paper, we are proposing PAOMDV(Possibility based AOMDV) and OLSR-ME(OLSR with Modified Energy Efficiency) which are mixed-type protocols to solve the problem for design a more efficient protocol. Especially by classifying mobile ad hoc networks as clusters, OLSR-ME protocol is implemented on communication within the clusters, while PAOMDV is used in protocols between clusters. In addition, a selection algorithm for forwarding nodes that responding packet relays in the case of increased hops was proposed for designing a more efficient protocol than existing protocols. We verified the performance of the proposed protocols through a comparative experiment with AODV, AOMDV, ZRP, and the existing protocols. We confirmed the results of the experiment revealed that the proposed protocol had the best packet transmission rate, the shortest delay between nodes, and showed better results in routing overhead.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.9B
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• pp.883-891
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• 2009

This paper proposes Ethernet linear protection switching technology in order to provide the SONET/SDH-like resiliency over Metro Ethernet Networks. The proposed design is made of an architecture with a control processor board and several data processing boards, where the control processor board is independent of data processing board, providing a flexible solution for carrier Ethernet system. However, it leads an increasing message delay between inter-processors. In this paper, we implement and confirm a restoration of failed transport connections withing 50 millisecond in spite of increasing message delay between the control processing board and data processing board providing carrier-class network survivability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.669-672
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• 2011

최근 IT(Information Technology)와 타(他)산업 간의 융 복합이 촉진되면서 새로운 융합서비스로 사물지능 통신(M2M, Machine to Machine)이 차세대 지능형 인프라 기반의 핵심 서비스로 부각되고 있다. 사물지능 통신은 기존의 통신 인프라를 활용하여 사물정보의 수집, 가공, 처리를 통해 최종 서비스를 제공하는 기술 분야로 PHY, MAC, 라우팅에 대한 기술 이슈보다는 서비스 관점에서의 네트워크 아키텍처 정의와 기능, 서비스 플랫폼 간의 연동, M2M 단말과 네트워크 간의 인터페이스에 대한 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 사물지능통신 융합서비스를 사용자에게 보다 편리하게 제공하기 위한 기존 플랫폼 간의 연동을 위한 요구사항과 방안을 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.11
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• pp.911-923
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• 2013

Multipath routing is one of challenging issues for improving the reliability of end-to-end data delivery in wireless sensor networks. Recently, a disjointedness and management of path have been studying to enhance the robustness and efficiency of the multipath routing. However, previous multipath routing protocols exploit the disjointed multipath construction method that is not to consider the wireless communication environment. In addition, if a path failures is occurred due to the node or link failures in the irregular network environment, they maintain the multipath through the simple method that to construct a new extra path. Even some of them have no a method. In order to cope with the insufficiency of path management, a hole detouring scheme, to bypass the failures area and construct the new paths, was proposed. However, it also has the problem that requires a heavy cost and a delivery suspension to the some or all paths in the hole detouring process due to the centralized and inflexible path management. Due to these limitations and problems, the previous protocols may lead to the degradation of data delivery reliability and the long delay of emergency data delivery. Thus, we propose a flexible disjoint multipath routing protocol which constructs the radio disjoint multipath by considering irregular and constrained wireless sensor networks. It also exploits a localized management based on the path priority in order to efficiently maintain the flexible disjoint multipath. We perform the simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-45
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• 2017

Ad hoc sensor network is characterized by decentralized structure and ad hoc deployment. Sensor networks have all basic features of ad hoc network except different degrees such as lower mobility and more stringent energy requirements. Existing protocols provide different tradeoffs among some desirable characteristics such as fault tolerance, distributed computation, robustness, scalability and reliability. wireless protocols suggested so far are very limited, generally focusing on communication to a single base station or on aggregating sensor data. The main reason having such restrictions is due to maximum lifetime to maintain network activities. The network lifetime is an important design metric in ad hoc networks. Since every node does a router role, it is not possible for other nodes to communicate with each other if some nodes do not work due to energy lack. In this paper, we suggest an experimental ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol to optimize the communication of energy of the network nodes.The load distribution avoids the choice of exhausted nodes at the route selection phase, thus balances the use of energy among nodes and maximizing the network lifetime. In transmission control phase, there is a balance between the choice of a high transmission power that lead to increase in the range of signal transmission thus reducing the number of hops and lower power levels that reduces the interference on the expense of network connectivity.