• Title/Summary/Keyword: 외전각

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Hip Range of Motion Estimation using CT-derived 3D Models (CT기반 3차원 모델을 이용한 고관절 운동범위 예측)

  • Lee, Yeon Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2018
  • The success of the total hip arthroplasty is revealed as initial stability, range of motion, and long term pain, etc. Depending upon choice of implantation options such as femoral neck offset, diameter of the femoral head, the lateral opening tilt. Especially the impingement between femoral head component and acetabular cup limits the range of motion of the hip. In this sense, estimation or evaluation of the range of motion before and after the total hip arthroplasty is important. This study provides the details of a computer simulation technique for the hip range of motion of intact hip as well as arthroplasty. The suggested method defines the hip rotation center and rotation axes for flexion and abduction, respectively. The simulation uses CT-based reconstructed 3D models and an STL treating software. The abduction angle of the hip is defined as the superolateral rotation angle from sagittal plane. The flexion angle of the hip is defined as the superoanterior angle from the coronal plane. The maximum abduction angle is found as the maximum rotation angle by which the femoral head can rotate superolaterally about the anterior-posterior axis without impingement. The maximum flexion angle is found as the maximum rotation angle by which the femoral head can rotate superoanteriorly about the medial-lateral axis without impingement. Compared to the normal hip, the total hip replacement hip showed decreased abduction by 60 degrees and decreased flexion by 4 degrees. This measured value implies that the proposed measurement technique can make surgeons find a modification of increase in the femoral neck offset or femoral head, to secure larger range of motion.

The Palaces Weoldae(月臺) structure, in the latter half period of Joseon, and related rituals (조선후기 궁궐의 전각(殿閣) 월대(月臺)와 의례 - <동궐도>와 <서궐도안>을 대상으로 -)

  • Lee, Hyun-jin;Son, shin-young
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.67
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    • pp.379-418
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    • 2017
  • Weoldae -which we can find inside Joseon palaces- is usually erected in front of important structures including the Main Hall(Jeongjeon, 正殿). There is no clear definition of its nature that we can find in official law codes or dynastic ritual manuals, and such records do not specify what kind of rules should be observed in creating them either. In illustrations of palaces such as and , Weoldae can be seen at structures such as the Main "Jeongjeon" Hall(正殿), Royal office(Pyeonjeon, 便殿), Royal Quarters(Jeongchim, 正寢), Queen's bedroom(Chimjeon, 寢殿), Quarters of the Crown Prince(Dong'gung, 東宮), and other structures. All these structures equipped with a Weoldae were related to special figures inside the royal family such as the king, the queen, the crown prince, and the crown-prince' son. These figures were literally above the law, and as such their treatment could not be defined by law. And these spaces were where they worked or rested while they lived, and where their posthumous tablets(Shinju, 神主) or portraits(Eojin, 御眞) were enshrined after they died. (When such spaces were used for latter purposes, they were designated either as 'Honjeon[魂殿, chamber of the tablet]' or 'Jinjeon[眞殿, hall of portrait']). Joseon was a Confucian dynasty with a strict social stratification system, and the palace structures reflected such atmosphere as well. We can see that structures described with Weoldae in and were structures which were more important than others that did not have a Weoldae. Among structures with Weoldae, the place which hosted most of the dynastic rituals was the Main Hall. In this Main Hall, the King swore an oath himself, passed the incense(香) himself during memorial services, and observed honoring ceremonies[Manbae-rye(望拜禮)] at the "Hwangdan"(皇壇) altar which was built to commemorate the three Ming Emperors. The so-called "Two Palaces[兩闕]" of Joseon shared a unique relationship in terms of their own Weoldae units and the rituals that were held there. In the early half of the Joseon dynasty period, Gyeongbok-gung(景福宮) and Dong'gweol(東闕) constituted the "Two palaces," but after the war with the Japanese in the 1590s during which the Gyeongbok-gung palace was incinerated, Dong'gweol and Seogweol(西闕) came to newly form the "Two palaces" instead. Meanwhile, Changdeok-gung(昌德宮) became the main palace[法宮], replacing the previous one which had been Gyeongbok-gung. In general, when a king moved to another palace, the ancestral tablets in the Honjeon chamber or the portrait in the Jinjeon hall would accompany him as well. Their presence would be established within the new palace. But king Yeongjo was an exception from that practice. Even after he moved to the Gyeong'hi-gung(慶熙宮) palace, he continued to pay visit to the Jinjeon Hall at Changdeok-gung. While he was positioned inside Gyeong'hi-gung, he did not manage the palace with Gyeonghi-gung as its sole center. He tried to manage other palaces like Changdeok-gung and Chang'gyeong-gung(昌慶宮) as well, and as organically as possible.

Observation of Lateral Compartment through Posteromedial Trans-posterior Septal Portal in Knee Joints (슬관절 후내측 후격막 통과 도달법을 이용한 외측 구획의 관찰)

  • Lee, Ghun-Shik;Park, Han-Sung;Kim, Sang-Hyo
    • Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.56-59
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    • 2005
  • Trans-posterior septal posterior arthroscopic portals are useful in performing arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment of the lesions located in posterior aspect of knee joints. Except inferior surface of posterior horn of lateral meniscus, we easily observed entire lateral compartment, especially inferior surface of anterior horn and lateral tibial condyle by figure of 4 position through posteromedial trans-posterior septal arthroscopic portal. And it was possible to obtain visual field from posterior aspect and we could use anteromedial and anterolateral portals for instrumentation without clouding. So, this procedure may be useful in performing surgery of lateral compartment especially, anterior aspect in the knee joints.

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'발어탕(發於陽)'과 '발어음(發於陰)'에 대한 고찰(考察)

  • Bang, Jeong-Gyun
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.128-137
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    • 2006
  • 관우(關于) ${\ulcorner}$상한론(傷寒論)${\lrcorner}$ 적발어양화발어음적조문(的發於陽和發於陰的條文), 유허다부동적론쟁이의가적해석야도부일치(有許多不同的論爭而醫家的解釋也都不一致), 특별시관우음양적개념(特別是關于陰陽的槪念), 화발어음증적발열유무(和發於陰證的發熱有無), 치유시기(治愈時期), 의가적설명전각양각색이몰유일관적해석(醫家的說明全各樣各色而沒有一貫的解釋). 소이아주장료이하문제(所以我主張了以下問題), 기내용여하(其內容如下). 기일시발병부위(其一是發病部位), 발어양증시표현위기장성적정황하(發於陽證是表現衛氣壯盛的情況下) 감수외아구이병정위중적상태(感受外雅邱而病情危重的狀態). 발어음증적음지의의시표현인(發於陰證的陰之意義是表現人) 체내부적문제(體內部的問題), 저취시위기허적상태(這就是衛氣虛的狀態). 기이시발어음증적발열유무(其二是發於陰證的發熱有無), 가이추론재발어음증적상태상(可以推論在發於陰證的狀態上), 유용오하(有用誤下)오치(誤治) 적정황(的情況), 기정황취시발열증상(其情況就是發熱症狀), 소이발어음증(所以發於陰證) 초미견발열증(初未見發熱症), 단재병적진행과정상(但在病的進行過程上), 각유발열증상(却有發熱症狀). 기삼시치유시기(其三是治愈時期) 부요론칠일여륙일적시간(不要論七日與六日的時間), 단수요설명발어양적치응시기비발어음적치유시기요장(但需要說明發於陽的治應時期比發於陰的治愈時期要長). 발어양증비발어음증(發於陽證比發於陰證), 기병정위중(其病情危重), 소이수요제거아기병회복위기적시간(所以需要除去雅氣幷恢復衛氣的時間). 총지(總之) 발어양증적치유시기비발어음증적치유시기수요장(發於陽證的治愈時期比發於陰證的治愈時期需要長).

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Distribution and Diversity of Airborne Fungi in Wooden Cultural Heritages Located at Different Geographical Condition : Cases Studies on Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon and Bupjusa Temple, Boeun (입지조건에 따른 목조 문화재의 부유 진균의 분포 및 다양성에 관한 비교 연구: 보은 법주사와 순천 선암사)

  • Hong, Jin Young;Lee, Jeung Min;Kim, Young Hee;Kim, Soo Ji;Jo, Chang Wook;Park, Ji Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.131-142
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    • 2019
  • The Bupjusa and Seonamsa temples are located at places with geographically different condition, and therefore, differ with respect to building's structure and layout. In addition, evident difference can be appeared by the regional climate. For the 2 years, we studied the concentration and diversity of the seasonal airborne fungi inside and outside of the 2 temples. In Seonamsa temple, airborne fungi concentration in the indoor and outdoor air was higher and the species diversity in the indoor air was lower, whereas, concentration variation was larger than that of Bupjusa temple. A total of 173 fungal isolates (including 54 genera) and 162 isolated (including 49 genera) were obtained from the indoor air of Bupjusa and Seonamsa temple, respectively. Whereas, 80 fungal isolates (including 33 genera) and 74 isolates (including 39 genera) were collected form the outdoor air of Bupjusa and Seonamsa temple, respectively. However, more fungal varieties were observed to be distributed inside Bupjusa and outside Seonamsa temples. Amongst all the fungi identified, ascomycetes were more dominant (plus or minus 90% points), followed by basidiomycetes and zygomycetes; which more presented in outdoor air than in indoor air. The airborne fungi concentration in spring (month of April) and autumn was higher than in any other season, for Seonamsa and Bupjusa temples, repectively. Genus Cladosporium was isolated from each site and season, with its dramatic increase noted in autumn. In addition, the highest basidiospore(s) number was obtained after the rain. Consequently, the results suggest that Seonamsa temple was more susceptible to biological damage than Bupjusa temple was.

A Study on the Spatial Control Effect of Panjang in Donggwoldo (동궐도(東闕圖) 판장(板墻)의 공간통제 효과에 관한 연구)

  • HA Yujeong;KIM Choongsik
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.196-209
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    • 2022
  • This study compared and analyzed the spatial division function and role of partitions by comparing the entire space and the spatial changes before and after the installation of partitions in <Donggwoldo>, which was manufactured in the late Joseon Dynasty. As a research method, a set standard was prepared to decompose the space of <Donggwoldo> into a unit space, and the standard was set according to the role and height of the space by classifying it into a main space, sub space, and transition space. Two convex maps were prepared according to before and after the installation of the Panjang, and the values of connectivity, control, and integration, which are spatial syntax variables, were calculated and analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, the partition in <Donggwoldo(東闕圖)> did not affect the overall spatial arrangement and control or connection of Donggwol, but the movement and access of space is limited to specific areas. Second, the partition was a facility intensively distributed in Naejeon(內殿) and Donggung(東宮) to be used actively in the way of space utilization. It shows that the unit space increased rapidly due to the installation of the partition. Since the partition was installed in the spaces that were open and under high control in the case of Naejeon(內殿), it helped to secure private spaces as closed ones under low control. On the other hand, for Donggung(東宮), the spaces were compartmented and divided with the partition to guide the movement path through narrow gates of the partition and increase the depth of the space. This helped to create spaces that are free and can be hidden as it increased the number of spaces coming through. Third, In addition to the functions of "eye blocking, space division, and movement path control" revealed in prior research, the partition has created a "space that is easy to control" within a specific area. The installation of the partition reduced the scale through the separation of spaces, but it occurred the expansion of the movement path and space. Also, the partition functioned to strengthen hiding and closure or increase openness as well through space division. This study is significant in that it revealed the value of the spatial control function of panjang through the analysis of spatial control and depth by analyzing the function of the partition with a mathematical model in addition to the analysis and study of the function and role of panjang. In addition, it is valuable in that it has prepared a framework for analysis tools that can be applied to traditional residential complexes similar to palaces by applying space syntax to <Donggungdo> to create convex spaces according to unit space division and connection types of palace architecture and landscape elements.