• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2016

Sexually abused victims suffer not only physical damage, but they may also experience an array of additional problems ranging from acute fear, depressed mood, anxiety, shame, or insomnia to long-term psychiatric disorders. Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is known to have excellent therapeutic effects for trauma victims including victims of sexual violence. CBT treatment includes stress immunity training, relaxation training, and acceptance and commitment therapy. In foreign countries TF-CBT is carried out online in order to increase the therapeutic accessibility for the victim and improve the quality of the interview for the therapists. As a result, those victims who have difficulties in requesting external help, who live in remote areas, or who have limited time may now have access to the service and benefit from the online education programs. A website providing an online based TF-CBT program was initiated in Korea also. Through the website, victims and their guardians may obtain therapeutic information without the need for face-to-face meetings with therapists. Our goal is to create a system with this website which will provide therapeutic assistance to sexual violence victims and improve the quality of the counseling provided by the therapist.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.235-248
• /
• 2011

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in children and adults and is a major risk factor for the development of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Recent studies have provided significant insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of epilepsy. Although the link between brain trauma and epilepsy is well recognized, the complex biological mechanisms that result in PTE following TBI have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated in order to identify whether or not the abnormal expression of calcium-binding proteins in the lesioned hippocampus plays a role in neuronal damage by brain trauma and whether or not the expressions may change in the contralateral hippocampus during the adaptive stage as early time point following TBI. During early time point following TBI, both parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28k (CB) immunoreactivities were decreased with in the lesioned hippocampus. However, these expressions were recovered to control levels as depend on time courses. On the other hand, PV immunoreactivity in contralateral hippocampus was transiently reduced as compared to the control levels, whereas CB expression was unchanged. These findings indicate that the alterations of the calcium-binding proteins, especially PV and CB, may contribute to the neuronal death and/or damage induced by abnormal inhibitory neurotransmission at early time period following brain trauma and the development of epileptogenesis in patients with traumatic brain injury.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.151-154
• /
• 2011

In trauma patients, cognitive impairment may develop due to several causes: traumatic brain injury such as intracranial hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, hypoxic brain injury or reperfusion injury, the psychologic disorder, such as acute stress disorder, post-traumatic disorder or delirium. We describe a 62-year-old male with post-trauma cognitive impairment due to a primary central nervous system lymphoma.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1983.05a
• /
• pp.14.2-14
• /
• 1983

Complications and sequelae of the laryngeal trauma are respiratory difficulties, edema or swelling, cellulitis or abscess, fistula, perichondrium and chondritis, chronic laryngeal stenosis, vocal cord paralysis, decannulation difficulty, and impaired voice production etc. Generally, the treatment of laryngeal injuries consists of initial tracheostomy for adequate airway and later surgical intervention for its complications and sequelae. Recently, authors experienced a case of closed laryngeal injury with thyroid cartilage fracture, left vocal cord paralysis, swallowing difficulty and right clavicular fracture owing to automobile accident. With reconstructive surgery for thyroid cartilage fracture, we established an adequate airway, improved swallowing function and better voice production.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between symptom severity and neurocognitive factors in traumatic head injury patients. In addition, the effect of frontal lobe damage on these parameters was examined. Methods : We selected 18 patients who had brain damage for the moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) group, and 17 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without the finding of brain damage for the comparison group. For the evaluation of neurocognitive function, K-WAIS, Rey-Kim Memory Test, K-FENT, WCST, and MMPI-2 were used. Results : The results of the comparison (using the malingering scale) revealed that the values of PDS and PK, which express the severity of symptoms, and the values of the validity scale F, F (B), and F (P) were significantly higher in the overly-expressed group. F (B) in overly-expressed group and PK, Pt, and Sc in the properly-expressed group had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. F (B), S, and Stroop error inhibition in PTSD, and PK, Pt, Sc, and MQ in MSTBI had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. The results of the comparison based on the finding of frontal lobe damage revealed that PDS, EIQ, and MQ ware significantly higher in the group without brain damage. Conclusions : It was revealed that each neurocognitive factor was correlated with the severity of symptoms. There was a decrease in complaints or symptoms reported by the frontal lobe injury group, and this is believed to be due to degenerative change in the personality and emotional functioning of these patients following frontal lobe damage.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 2010

The goal of this study is to contribute to the clinical application by making a quantitative nerve current perception threshold(CPT) examination for the evaluation of numbness that could be occurred after dental surgery, Measurement of CPTs at each different frequencies(2000 Hz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz) were performed to trigeminal nerve main branch(mandibular division) of 29 patients with dental surgery on mandibular area and 25 normal subjects. There were significant differences in CPTs between patient group and control group.(p<0.05) But, there were no significant between patient male and female in both patient and control group except 2000 Hz was significantly high in the control female.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.345-356
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to construct and test a structural equation model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) of earthquake victims based on Tedeschi and Calhoun's model (2004). Methods: Data were collected from 195 earthquake victims living in K. City. The exogenous variables include distress perception, resilience, and social support, and the endogenous variables include intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. Results: The modified model showed a good fitness to the data. Moreover, 6 of the 9 paths of the final model were statistically significant, which include PTG affected by deliberate rumination (${\beta}=.58$, p<.001), resilience (${\gamma}=.18$, p=.001), and distress perception (${\gamma}=.20$, p=.002). These predictors explain 51.8% of variance in posttraumatic growth. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and disseminate preventive intervention programs to increase the resilience of earthquake-prone communities. In addition, after exposure to a community-scale traumatic event such as earthquake, we should provide social supports to alleviate distress perception and transition from intrusive rumination to deliberate rumination so that we can seek new meaning from the earthquake and facilitate posttraumatic growth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.539-547
• /
• 2017

This study examined the perception of disasters and post-traumatic stress disorder in occupational therapy majors to provide the basic data necessary for future occupational therapy. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 545 students in occupational therapy departments of three year and four year universities. The frequency of the questionnaire was calculated by frequency analysis using the SPSS 19.0 win program. A chi-squared test was conducted to verify the analyzed questionnaire data. The reliability of the questionnaire in this study showed a Cronbach' alpha value of 0.891. According to the survey results, approximately 20% of learners who majored in occupational therapy were unaware of the symptoms, developmental mechanism, and diagnostic criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). Knowledge of the underlying causes of psychological symptoms, such as post-traumatic stress disorder as well as physical damage through industrial accidents, was found to be 2.92 on the Likert 5-point scale. To be effective in rehabilitation treatment, the degree of the approach to education from the viewpoint of occupational therapy is important enough to be recognized as 3.90 on the Likert 5-point scale. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the need for education on disasters was higher than the correlation with the awareness of disasters.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2008

Objective : Due to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the relative limitations in the treatment of patients with PTSD, a variety of medications and treatment algorithms for PTSD have been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the trends in the pharmacotherapy used in the treatment of inpatients with PTSD at a single university hospital in Korea. Methods : Data from 75 patients diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM-IV criteria from January 1998 to December 2007 were collected. Demographic data and clinical data, including medications prescribed, were investigated. Results : Thirty-three of the 75 subjects included in this study were male, and 42 were female. Considering psychiatric comorbidity, depressive disorder, cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder and anxiety disorder were reported in order. Approximately 97% of the subjects were treated with antidepressants, including paroxetine in 54.7%, and 24% of the subjects were treated with two different kinds of antidepressants. In addition, atypical antipsychotics were prescribed in 33.3% of patients, mood stabilizers in 17.3%, and anxiolytics in 94.7% of the subjects. Conclusion : In our study, various kinds of antidepressants were prescribed for most patients with PTSD. Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were added to the treatment regimens of some subjects, and anxiolytics were added to the treatment regimens of most subjects. Despite its many limitations, this study shows the prescription pattern and trends in PTSD treatment in Korea. We hope that these preliminary data would be helpful for the development and integration of a practical guideline for the treatment of PTSD in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.232-243
• /
• 2002

Purpose: We studied whether brain perfusion SPECT is useful in the psychiatric disability evaluation of patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients (M:F=58:11, age $39{\pm}14$ years) who underwent Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT, brain MRI and neuropsychological (NP) tests during hospitalization in psychiatric wards for the psychiatric disability evaluation were included; the severity of injury was mild in 31, moderate in 17 and severe in 21. SPECT, MRI, NP tests were peformed $6{\sim}61$ months (mean 23 months) post-injury. Diagnostic accuracy of SPECT and MRI to show hypoperfusion or abnormal signal intensity in patients with cognitive impairment represented by NP test results were compared. Results: Forty-two patients were considered to have cognitive impairment on NP tests and 27 not. Brain SPECT showed 71% sensitivity and 85% specificity, while brain MRI showed 62% sensitivity and 93% specificity (p>0.05, McNemar test). SPECT found more cortical lesions and MRI was superior in detecting white matter lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of 31 mild TBI patients were 45%, 90% for SPECT and 27%, 100% for MRI (p>0.05, McNemar test). Among 41 patients with normal brain MRI, SPECT showed 63% sensitivity (50% for mild TBI) and 88% specificity (85% for malingerers). Conclusion: Brain SPECT has a supplementary role to neuropsychological tests in the psychiatric disability evaluation of chronic TBI patients by detecting more cortical lesions than MRI.