• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.3 s.102
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• pp.143-155
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• 2006

This study aims to examine the difference of body image and psychological well-being of men and women according to appearance management. The subjects of the study were 673 college students who lived in Seoul and metropolitan areas. Statistical analyses used in the study were factor analysis, Cronbach's a, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test and $\chi^2-test$. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The body image was categorized into the three factors of personal interest innce, anxiety about weight and physical attraction. Appearance management was categorized into the appearance management through clothing, strict diet therapy and daily appearance management. The psychological well-being was classified as seven factors which include the life goal, self-acceptance, positive personal relations, self-regulation, personal development, environment control and responsibility. 2. The appearance management was classified by 4 groups as below: Daily appearance management group, strict diet therapy group, appearance management through clothing group and no interest in appearance group. 3. There were significant differences among the four groups regarding body image, psychological well-being and life satisfaction. First, appearance management through clothing group had more interest in appearance than other groups. In the case of weight awareness, strict diet therapy group and the appearance management through clothing group intended to have more concerns over their weight. The strict diet therapy group seemed to have an overall lower level of psychological well-being than other groups. Lastly, the appearance management through clothing group had a higher level of life satisfaction.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe 20's to 30's men's fashion lifestyle and develop clusters in grooming related variables. We also tried to interpret profile of clusters, and determine the difference between different level of grooming clusters in appearance care behaviors, and clothing behaviors such as clothing selection, preference of clothing image and design in men's wear. Data was obtained using the survey methods by convenience sampling. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, chi-square test, and t-test were used for analysis using SPSS 18.0. The result of factor analysis of men's lifestyle show that 5 factors are extracted. Two different clusters were formed after the K-means cluster analysis. We realized that the level of grooming activity is significantly associated with the young men's major expenditure item, and beauty/care items, and the reason for exercise. The level of grooming was strongly associated with clothing selection behaviors. In addition, there is a significant difference in preferred image between two different grooming groups. In the feminine image, HG group favored more than LG group. The preferred design was associated with the degree of grooming as well. Unique and stylish top and bottom styles such as cargo, hiphop, and boots cut were favored more by HG group than LG group. We suggest that we can do market segmentation by the degree of the grooming activity, considering the current men's taste and trend to extend market share.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of appearance management behavior, appearance management motives and body image perception according to males' gender role identities. A set of questionnaire was administered to 398 male consumers. Data were analyzed by utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANONA, and Crosstabs. The results showed that four groups of male consumers according to the gender role identity were androgyny, unclassified, femininity, and masculinity. The androgyny oriented group showed more active and various appearance management behavior. And they were more conscious of their own body image and rated themselves high in body image perception. The masculinity oriented group were satisfied with their bodies and showed positive attitudes on their body figures and hair care. The femininity oriented group showed positive attitudes on skin care and plastic surgery for social life.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body cathexis and appearance management behaviors of the high school girls according to their demographic, physical, psychological. and school related variables. Data was obtained from 378 high school girls in Jeonju City by self-administered questionnaires from March to April. 2001. The results of this study were; 1. Body cathexis of high school twirls was relatively low, face and upper body cathexis were higher than other body parts. but lower-body and total body cathexis were low. 2. Body cathexis of high school twirls was in exact proportion to their parents' educational level total household income. and monthly pocket money. And it was higher in case of tall. light. external personality. higher self-esteem, art or physical high school girls. and the vocational high school twirls. with good academic records. and popular among friends. 3. High school girls showed higher appearance management behaviors such as bath, skin care. hair care. but they did risky appearance management behaviors such as drug use. diet. plastic cosmetic a tittle. The students in case of mother's higher educational level. more monthly income of household, more pocket money. external personalities. lower self-esteem, art or physical high school girls and the vocational high school girls, with good academic records, popular among friends showed higher appearance management behaviors .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate body image as attitude toward physical appearance, and appearance-management behavior, and to analyze the relationship between body image and life style which affects consumer behavior. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 323 women in their twenties. Statistical analysis methods were frequency, percentage. factor analysis, discrimination analysis, one-way ANOVA, x 2- test, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the study were as follows. As for appearance-management behaviors of woman in her twenties. 60.1% of all respondents experienced in diet. 31.6% experienced in plastic operation, 47.4% experienced in skin care, 44.9% experienced in perfect make up, and 84.8% experienced in hair dyeing. The group with high appearance concern showed high body satisfaction. Life-style factors were analyzed into 5 factors. The group with low appearance concern considered active family-focus life factor importantly, the group with middle appearance concern considered social life factor, and the group with high appearance concern considered self-focus life type and conspicuous consumption life factor. A significant difference was found in body image between groups according to social level and demographic characteristics. The female group in the mid twenties who majors in arts and athletics, resides on southern part of Han river, and belongs to high society was analyzed to show high appearance concern and body satisfaction. and many experiences of appearance-management behaviors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.799-807
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examined which the pursuing image, make-up and hair style desire on their wedding day and how the future brides managed their appearance for the wedding. This qualitative research was based on the data collected by in-depth interviews with 15 brides in their 20s, 30s and 40s who reside in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The results of the study are shown follow: The images that the brides most pursued for the wedding day were elegant images and refine images. The favorite wedding-dress styles of brides were elegant, refine, lovely, classical, and natural style in order of preference. The design of the dress was top priority when selecting the wedding-dress and it was followed by the function that complements anyones' shape. The brides liked natural style wedding make-up most and refine and young one followed. They considered eye make-up most important after skin expression, that is, covering defects of their skin. Concerning wedding hair styles, an up-style which is typical for wedding is desired most and a natural flowing hair style second. Regarding fitness, they mainly took physical exercise and went on a diet which is not unreasonably harsh.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between the body cathexis, appearance management behaviors and satisfaction with apparel fit according to physical figure of college women who had deep interests in their body and appearance. Data for this study was obtained from 413 college women in Taegu and Kyungpook Province. Means, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc comparison were used in data analysis. The result of this study were; 1. It was found that both body Cathexis and fit satisfaction of college women were generally low. College women were less satisfied with their body and fit of apparel. The unsatisfied body parts were thighs, abdomen and hip. 2. Significant differences in Satisfaction with apparel fit were found in skirt length, slacks length, thigh according to height and significant difference in satisfaction with apparel fit were found in armhole, abdomen, calf according to weight. 3. Significant differences in appearance management behaviors were not found according to height, but significant differences in diet, exercise and clothing use were found according to weight. Also significant differences in diet and clothing use were found according to R$\ddot{o}$hrer index.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the appearance management behavior and its motives according to male consumers' age. A set of questionnaire was administered to 398 male consumers. Data were analyzed by utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANONA, and Crosstabs. The results showed that factors of the appearance management behavior were classified into such as fashion oriented, figure management, figure improvement, skin care, cosmetic surgery, hair care, and health oriented. The male consumers age in the 20s, were more conscious of the appearance management. The male consumers aged over 40s were more aware of figure management and hair care for better health oriented. Appearance management behavior motives were classified into individuality, sociality, and interest arousal. Most of the male consumers showed higher interests in sociality among appearance management motives for better personal relations at workplace and increasing competitive edge.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

This paper sought to help north Korean women understand their lives and seek to integrate the in-house between North and South Korea by organizing the overall reality of north Korea's fashionable hairstyles and beauty industry. The research method looks at the appearance management activities of North Koreans in north Korean media, media outlets, and testimonies of north Koreans who have been on the outstay since Kim Jong-un's ruling, among other things, and analyzed their hair activities. C. Studies have shown that some improvements have been made since the Kim Regime through the smuggling of foreign goods by yusists. In addition, it was confirmed that beauty education is being systematically edied out through a beauty training institute in North Korea, and that it has changed from a fixed salary system to an ability-based allowance. This study shows a limitation that north Korea has failed to study. It is believed to be a boon to future research on North Korean hair.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of appearance stress and appearance management behavior on job-seeking stress among male university students. Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional and descriptive study were 158 male students attending a university in K Province who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The survey period was from September 19th to November 9th, 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with the SPSS statistics 23 program. Results: Job-seeking stress showed significant differences according to BMI (F=2.55, p=.042) and pocket money (F=3.08, p=.049). The results of the regression analysis showed that grade (${\beta}=8.93$, p=.008), pocket money (${\beta}=-5.11$, p=.029), appearance stress (${\beta}=.52$, p<.001), and appearance management behavior (${\beta}=.25$, p=.001) were significant factors affecting jog search stress. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that variables such as grade, pocket money, appearance stress, and appearance management behavior significantly explain job-seeking stress among male students in college. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to reduce job-seeking stress for senior male students who are preparing for employment before graduation. In addition, when organizing a program to reduce job-seeking for male university students, it is necessary to help them have a more positive evaluation of their appearance and pursue proper appearance management behaviors.