• Title/Summary/Keyword: 완충기능

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The Effects of Chatbot's Error Types and Structures of Error Message on User Experience (챗봇의 오류 유형과 오류 메시지 구조화 여부가 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Mi-Jin;Han, Kwang-Hee
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.19-34
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study is verifying the effects of chatbot's error types and structures of error message on attitude, behavior intention towards the chatbot and perceived usability of the chatbot. The error types of chatbot are divided into 'experience' error and 'agency' error, which set different expectancy level, according to mind perception theory. The structures of error message were either unstructured condition composed of error specification only or structured condition composed of apology, explanation and willingness of improvement. It was found that score of perceived usability was higher in experience error condition than agency error condition. Also, all three scores of dependent variables were higher in structured error message condition than unstructured error message condition. Furthermore, expectation gap of experience didn't predict the dependent variables but expectation gap of agency predicted all three dependent variables. Finally, the tendency of interaction effect between the error type and the structure of the error message on expectation gap of agency was observed. This study confirmed the mitigating effect of structured error messages and the possibility that these effects may vary by the type of error. The result is expected to be applicable to design of error coping strategies that enhance user experience.

A review on the design requirement of temperature in high-level nuclear waste disposal system: based on bentonite buffer (고준위폐기물처분시스템 설계 제한온도 설정에 관한 기술현황 분석: 벤토나이트 완충재를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Jin-Seop;Cho, Won-Jin;Park, Seunghun;Kim, Geon-Young;Baik, Min-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.587-609
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    • 2019
  • Short-and long-term stabilities of bentonite, favored material as buffer in geological repositories for high-level waste were reviewed in this paper in addition to alternative design concepts of buffer to mitigate the thermal load from decay heat of SF (Spent Fuel) and further increase the disposal efficiency. It is generally reported that the irreversible changes in structure, hydraulic behavior, and swelling capacity are produced due to temperature increase and vapor flow between $150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$. Provided that the maximum temperature of bentonite is less than $150^{\circ}C$, however, the effects of temperature on the material, structural, and mineralogical stability seems to be minor. The maximum temperature in disposal system will constrain and determine the amount of waste to be disposed per unit area and be regarded as an important design parameter influencing the availability of disposal site. Thus, it is necessary to identify the effects of high temperature on the performance of buffer and allow for the thermal constraint greater than $100^{\circ}C$. In addition, the development of high-performance EBS (Engineered Barrier System) such as composite bentonite buffer mixed with graphite or silica and multi-layered buffer (i.e., highly thermal-conductive layer or insulating layer) should be taken into account to enhance the disposal efficiency in parallel with the development of multilayer repository. This will contribute to increase of reliability and securing the acceptance of the people with regard to a high-level waste disposal.

Transforming a Buffer Green into an Urban Park as Multi-functional Green Infrastructure - A Case of the Buffer Green of Sinmae Market in Daegu, Korea - (입체적 도시기반시설로서 완충녹지의 공원화 계획 - 대구광역시 신매시장 완충녹지 공원화 계획을 사례로 -)

  • Kim, Miyeun;Min, Byoungwook
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.101-112
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    • 2021
  • In Korea, efforts have been made continuously to improve the environment of traditional markets concerning the issues of urban regeneration. In particular, many old cities and traditional markets face a lack of parking spaces. As a solution to this, attempts are being made to prepare underground parking spaces by designing urban planning facilities in three-dimensional ways and utilizing the upper part as a more meaningful space. This study is about the master plan to use the upper green area while creating an underground parking lot at 571 Sinmae-dong, Suseong-gu, Daegu. This green area was defined as a space with dual values, 'defensive green space' that needs to be ecologically protected, and 'active cultural space' where walking flows to the market and various events are concentrated. Three specific design strategies to balance these values were presented. First, to prevent indiscriminate occupation and damage by people and maintain a healthy green environment, securing the maximum amount of undivided green space in the site was suggested. Second, a space layout and a topography and planting patterns that can overcome the morphological characteristics of narrow and long-shaped sites enable the experience of abundant green spaces. Third, providing space to strengthen the connections with nearby urban facilities such as Sinmae Market and Gosan Library can also intensively accommodate cultural activities in various cities. This study has academic significance in providing implications for urban regeneration projects with similar contexts in the future.

Eco-Packaging Technology (세미나 - 생분해성 에코 패키징 국내외 기술 및 산업화 동향)

  • (사)한국포장협회
    • The monthly packaging world
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    • s.201
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    • pp.118-128
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    • 2010
  • 전 세계적으로 녹색성장, 이산화탄소 절감, 지구온난화 문제 등이 보다 중요시되면서, 기존 규제 일변도 정책, 생분해 플라스틱 중심으로 빠르게 분해가 되는 소재로 진행되고 있던 에코패키징에 대한 패러다임이 변화되고 있다. PVC, 스티로폼 등 인체 무해성 관련 소재에 대한 강력한 규제가 시행되고 있으며, 생분해성 플라스틱 감량을 우선시하고 있다. 또한 강도, 생산성, 재활용 용이성 등 포장재의 기본 기능을 중시하면서 생분해 플라스틱을 이용한 일회용품에서 바이오 플라스틱을 중심으로 자동차, 화장품, 산업용 완충재, 멀칭필름, 문구 파일류 등 다양하고 포괄적인 분야로의 상품화 적용이 빠르게 되고 있다.

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Effect of Vanadate on PAH Transport and Na-K-ATPase Activity in Rabbit Renal Cortex (가토 신피질에서 PAH이동과 Na-K-ATPase활성에 미치는 Vanadate의 영향)

  • Jung, Jin-Sup;Lee, Sang-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.143-159
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    • 1983
  • Vanadate가 가토 신피질절편에서 PAH이동과 Na-K-ATPase활성에 미치는 효과를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) Vanadate는 Na-K-ATPase활성을 농도에 따라 억제하였으며 $7.94{\times}10^{-7}M$에서 이 효소의 활성이 50% 억제되었다. 2) Vanadate는 PAH의 능동적이동을 농도에 따라 억제하였으며 50%억제농도는 대략 $10^{-4}M$ 이었고, 수동적이동에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 조직내 Na과 K의 양도 vanadate가 PAH이동을 억제하는 농도 범위에서 같이 변화하였고 산소소모량은 $10^{-4}M$까지는 약간 감소하였으나 $10^{-3}M$에서는 오히려 증가하였다. 3) 30분간 preincubation한 후에도 15분까지의 PAH이동은 30분 이후에 비해 vanadate에 의해 적게 억제되었다. 4) $10^{-4}M$ vanadate와 $10^{-4}M$ ouabain은 가역적으로 PAH 이동을 억제하였으며 $10^{-3}M$ vanadate는 비가역적으로 억제하였고 장시간 세척후에도 거의 같은 정도의 억제양상을 나타내었다. 5) Vanadate에 의한 PAH이동의 억제정도는 incubation용액내 $Na^+$의 감소, $K^+$의 증가에 의하여 증가하였고 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도 변화에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. 6) Vanadate가 존재치 않을 때 Tris완충용액 사용시는 pH 8.2까지 PAH축적정도가 증가하였고 phosphate완충용액 사용시는 pH 7.4에서 최대축적치를 보였다. pH가 증가함에 따라 억제정도는 증가하였으며 같은 pH에서도 완충용액의 종류에 따라 vanadate에 의한 억제정도가 달랐다. 7) Vanadate와 ouabain은 PAH이등과 Na-K-ATPase활성에 부가적 억제작용을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 vanadate는 가토신장의 세포내부에서 Na-K-ATPase를 가역적으로 억제함으로써 PAH의 이동을 억제하는 것으로 생각되며 PAH의 이동은 Na-K-ATPase활성과 기능적으로 밀접히 연결되어 있는 것으로 생각된다.

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Effect of Buffering Agent and Bead on Bacterial Cellulose Production from Acetobacter sp. A9 in Shaking Culture (진탕배양에서 Acetobacter sp. A9로부터 셀룰로오스 생산에 대한 완충성분 및 Bead의 효과)

  • 박근태;손홍주;김근기;김한수;김용균;이상준
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.566-569
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    • 2002
  • Acetobacter strains are bacteria that can synthesize cellulose when grown on an undefined medium containing glucose. Several culture conditions affecting cellulose production by Acetobacter sp. A9 were examined by cultivating cells under shaking cultures. The addition of buffering agents, such as 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and CaCO$_3$, increased cellulose production. It suggests that pH of culture medium is important to an economical mass cellulose production. Addition of bead (Ф10 w) to culture medium stimulated 'disintegrated bacterial cellulose' production.

The Effect of Employment Security on Suicide Ideation: Moderating Effect of Family Function (고용안정성이 자살생각에 미치는 영향: 가족기능의 조절효과 분석)

  • Jun, So Dam;Lee, Jin Hyuk;Song, In Han
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.553-563
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    • 2020
  • Suicide is one of the major social problems in Korea, and its suicide rate is highest among the OECD countries. It has been reported that employment instability in labour market is causal factor of suicide ideation. Because the unemployed and temporary or part-time workers are reported to have high level of suicide ideation due to unstable job security, and they are likely to be a high risk group for suicide, it is necessary to do in-depth research on the effect of job stability on suicide ideation and the protective factors. For this purpose this study investigates the relationship between employment status and suicide ideation, and examine the moderating effect of family function. Data of 1,235 adults from the national-wide 'Longitudinal Study of Suicide Survivors' Mental Health were analyzed. Employment status were associated with the level of suicide ideation(B=-.904, p<.001), and the level of suicide ideation was the highest in the unemployed group. And the moderating effect of family function was statistically significant(B=-.218, p<.05), and good family function buffers the effect of unstable job status on suicide as a protective factor. Based on these findings, policy and practical implications for suicide prevention for precarious employment from the family dimension are discussed.

The Evaluation of Three Landfill Cover Systems in Cold Condition (한랭 조건하에서 세가지 매립지복토 시스템에 대한 평가)

  • 이재영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 1995.10a
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    • pp.15.1-20
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    • 1995
  • 일반적으로 일반 및 유해폐기물 매립지에서 진흙층의 기능적 수행목적은 다음과 같다고 할 수 있다. 지표면 유출의 증진을 위하고, 우수의 침투억제 및 폐기물의 표면 노출 시 완충작용, 따라서 최종복토의 붕괴는 이러한 중요 기능을 마비시키고 있다. 본 연구는 추운 날씨상태의 폐기물 매립지 최종복토의 거동을 수행하였으며, 실제로 설계된 세 개의 거대한 실험실 Tank에서 복토에 대한 실험이 시행되었다. 이 거대한 실험장비의 제원은 0.75m x 2.4m와 2.0m 깊이로 되어 있다. Tank안은 시방서적으로 폐기물 매립지가 요구하는 진흙층과 최종복토를 위한 물질로 채워졌다. 그들의 실험결과는 동질/융해에 따른 진흙과 복토층의 붕괴현상은 물리적, 공학적인 측면에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본문은 실험에 사용된 복토층의 묘사, 그들의 실험결과들과 실험을 통한 결과분석 및 결론을 설명하고 있다. 실험결과로서는 각 모형들의 우수와 침출수 자료, 온도변화의 배경과 최종복토에서의 Water Balance를 포함하고 있다. 또한 결과로서 시험된 세 개의 모형들은 매립지에서의 동결깊이(29cm~32cm)를 나타내주며 그들 중 하나의 모형은 배수층을 가지고 있어 침출수억제에 효과적이므로 다른 모형보다 복토층으로서 우위에 있다는 것을 지적하고 있다.

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Moderated Mediation effect of Parenting Behaviors on the Relation between Deviant Peer's Influences and Delinquency in Adolescence (청소년 비행행동에 대한 부모양육행동과 비행친구집단간의 조절된 매개효과)

  • Lee, Sang-Gyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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    • no.27
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    • pp.121-151
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the moderated mediation effects of parenting functioning on the relations between deviant peer's influences and delinquent behaviors in adolescence. To investigate the moderated mediation effects, simple slope test and bootstrapping method based on multiple linear regression(MLR) model were used. This study used data from wave 1-2(2003-2004) of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS). Results showed that poorer parenting increased the probability that adolescents would affiliated with deviant peers, and more association with deviant peers, in turn, was related to delinquency. There was statistical significant interaction between affiliation with deviant peers and parenting in the model for delinquency. It implied that the relation between deviant peers and delinquency depends on the quality of parenting. Finally, indirect effect of earlier parenting on delinquent behavior through affiliation with deviant peers was moderated by later parenting. These results help clarify the conditions under which exposure to parenting behaviors can buffer the negative effect of deviant best friends on delinquent behaviors in adolescence. Practice and policy implications as well as further research topic were discussed to aid the search for highly effective preventive and treatment interventions.

Study on Polymerization Condition of Water-based Acrylic Adhesion (수분산성 아크릴계 점착제 중합 조건에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Haeng Ja;Jang, Suk Hee;Chang, Sang Mok;Kim, Jong Min
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.609-614
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    • 2010
  • In this study, emulsion polymerizations for synthesizing acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive(PSA) were carried out using 2-ethylhexyl acrylate(2-EHA), n-butyl acrylate(n-BA), methyl metacrylate(MMA) as fundamental monomers and acrylic acid(AAc) as a functional monomer in the presence of anionic SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate). To obtain the optimized synthetic condition in the polymerization, we analyzed the polymerization variables such as the effect of surfactant concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic values(HLB). At the same time, the final adhesive properties were also analyzed by the function of the initiator concentration and buffer concentration. In the results, the most stable emulsion was obtained at the surfactant concentrations between 3 and 5 wt%. It was also determined the effect of HLB value of nonionic surfactant and the initiator concentrations on the gel content. Stable emulsion is obtained using the surfactant having HLB value of 12.3. The rate of emulsion polymerization was increased at the initiator concentration greater than 1 wt%, but the stability of the emulsion was decreased. Finally, the effect of the buffer concentrations on the pH and the conversion of the acrylic emulsion product were experimentally measured. At the sodium bicarbonate concentration above 0.4 wt%, the buffer infulence was apparent. The buffer effect was fully acceptable at the concentrations between 0.6 and 0.8 wt% regardless of the monomer composition.