• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2015

We investigated the Reynolds number effects on the flow over a twisted offshore structure in the range of 3×10³≤ Re ≤ 1 × 10⁴. To analyze the effect of the twisted surface treatment, a large eddy simulation (LES) with a dynamic subgrid model was employed. A simulation of the cylindrical structure was also carried out to compare the results with those of the twisted offshore structure. As Re increased, the mean drag and lift coefficient of the twisted offshore structure increased with the same tendency as those of the cylindrical structure. However, the increases in the mean drag and lift coefficient of the twisted offshore structure were much smaller than those of the cylindrical structure. Furthermore, elongated shear layer and suppressed vortex shedding from the twisted offshore structure occurred compared to those of the cylindrical cylinder, resulting in a drag reduction and suppression of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV). In particular, the twisted offshore structure achieved a significant reduction of over 96% in VIV compared with that of the cylindrical structure, regardless of increasing Re. As a result, we concluded that the twisted offshore structure effectively controlled the flow structures with reductions in the drag and VIV compared with the cylindrical structure, irrespective of increasing Re.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2008

In this paper, the effects of torsional flexibility on a flapping airfoil are investigated. The aerodynamic forces of a torsional flexible flapping airfoil is computed using 2-D unsteady vortex panel method. A typical-section aeroelastic model is used for the aeroelsatic calculation of the flapping airfoil. Torsional flexibility and excitation frequency are considered as main effective parameters. Under heavy airfoil condition , the thrust peak is observed at the points where the frequency ratio is about 0.75. Based on this peak criterion, there exists two different motions. One is an inertia driven deformation motion and the other is an oscillation driven deformation motion. Also, in the thrust peak condition, the phase angle is kept 85 degrees, independent of the torsional flexibility and the excitation frequency.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 진동중인 교량 거더에 작용하는 풍하중을 산정하고 그에 따른 플러터 발생풍속을 예측하기 위하여 분산형 전산환경을 활용한 수치해석 연구를 수행하였다. 분산형 전산환경은 웹 포탈을 기반으로 수치해석 환경을 제공하는 수치풍동 시스템으로서, 전산유체역학(CFD : Computational Fluid Dynamics)에 대한 전문지식이 부족한 사용자들도 격자생성, 수치해석자를 이용한 계산, 가시화 등의 전 과정을 편리하게 수행할 수 있는 차세대 토목분야 연구 환경이다. 본 시스템은 그리드스피어(GfidSphere)를 기반으로 구성되었으며, 기본적으로 사용자 관리, 세션 관리, 그룹 관리, 레이아웃 관리 등을 제공하여 사용자가 포탈을 통해서 다양한 서비스를 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 환경을 구축하도록 도와준다. 수치해석을 위한 유체 지배방정식은 2차원 비정상 비압축성 RANS(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) 방정식이며, pseudo compressibility 방법을 적용하였다. 비정상 유동장을 해석하기 위하여 이중시간 전진법(dual time stepping)을 사용하였으며, 수렴가속화를 위해 Multi-grid 기법을 적용하였다. 또한 난류 유동장 해석을 위해서 $k-{\omega}$ SST 난류 모델을 사용하였으며, 난류 천이 과정에서의 유동을 모사하기 위하여 Total stress limitation 방법을 적용하였다. 교량 거더의 연직과 회전방향의 2자유도 움직임을 모사하기 위하여 동적격자 기법을 도입하였다. 교량 거더 주변의 비정상 유동해석 결과를 통해, 거더 표면에서 떨어져나가는 크고 작은 와류의 영향으로 양력 및 모멘트 계수 그래프가 중첩된 진폭과 주기를 갖고 주기적으로 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 계산된 비정상 공기력을 적용한 2자유도 플러터 방정식을 통하여 플러터 발생풍속을 산정하였다. 최종적으로 본 연구에서 계산된 결과의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 수치적으로 구한 플러터 발생풍속과 기존의 실험 및 수치해석 결과를 비교하였으며, 결과는 잘 일치하였다.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

In this study, scale-down design of full-scale Korean Utility Helicopter (KUH) main rotor blade has been investigated. The scaled model system were designed for the measurement of aerodynamic performance, tip vortex and noise source. For the purpose of considering the same aerodynamic loads, the Mach-scale method has been applied. The Mach-scaled model has the same tip Mach number, and it also has the same normalized frequencies. That is, the Mach-scaled model is analogous to full-scale model in the view point of aerodynamics and structural dynamics. Aerodynamic scale-down process could be completed just by adjusting scaling dimensions and increasing rotating speed. In the field of structural dynamics, design process could be finished by confirming the rotating frequencies of the designed blade with the stiffness and inertial properties distributions produced by sectional design. In this study, small-scaled blade sectional design were performed by applying domestic composite prepregs and structural dynamic characteristics of designed model has been investigated.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.409-418
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• 2014

Simulation of flow past a complex marine structure requires a fine resolution in the vicinity of the structure, whereas a coarse resolution is enough far away from it. Therefore, a lot of grid cells may be wasted, when a simple Cartesian grid system is used for an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). To alleviate this problems while maintaining the Cartesian frame work, we adopted an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) scheme where the grid system dynamically and locally refines as needed. In this study, We implemented a moving IBM and an AMR technique in our basic 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes solver. A Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used to effectively treat the free surface, and a recently developed Lagrangian Dynamic Subgrid-scale Model (LDSM) was incorporated in the code for accurate turbulence modeling. To capture vortex induced vibration accurately, the equation for the structure movement and the governing equations for fluid flow were solved at the same time implicitly. Also, We have developed an interface by using AutoLISP, which can properly distribute marker particles for IBM, compute the geometrical information of the object, and transfer it to the solver for the main simulation. To verify our numerical methodology, our results were compared with other authors' numerical and experimental results for the benchmark problems, revealing excellent agreement. Using the verified code, we investigated the following cases. (1) simulating flow around a floating sphere. (2) simulating flow past a marine structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2016

최근 기후변화에 따른 집중호우로 도시홍수의 피해가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 특히 인구가 밀집하고 교통량이 많은 대도시의 경우 동일한 호우에 대하여 녹지나 농경지 등에 비해 그 피해가 더 심각하다. 일반적으로 홍수 피해의 직접원인은 외수로 인한 피해와 내수로 인한 피해로 크게 구분할 수 있다. 외수피해는 주로 소하천 및 지천의 범람, 제방의 붕괴 등으로 발생한 것이며 내수피해는 배수로, 하수도 및 펌프장의 내수배제능력 부족이 주된 원인이다. 따라서 도시홍수를 효과적으로 방어하기 위해서는 우선적으로 내배수시설의 성능개선이 선행되어야 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 내배수 시설의 성능 개선을 위해서는 현재 기 설치되어 있는 빗물펌프장의 설계 및 내배수 효율에 대한 성능평가가 필요하다. 하지만 현재 국내 펌프설계기준에는 빗물펌프장의 설계 및 운영에 대한 구체적인 성능 평가 방법이 제시되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 만약, 펌프 흡입수조 및 흡입파이프의 형상이 적절하게 설계되지 못한다면 물이 파이프 입구로 부드럽게 흡입되지 못하고 볼텍스 및 스월이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 볼텍스 및 스월은 펌프 입구 쪽으로 물 뿐 아니라 공기를 함께 흡입시킴으로써 펌프의 효율저하, 소음, 진동을 발생시키며 펌프 파손의 원인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 펌프를 설치하기 전 펌프 설치 후에 발생되는 펌프 흡입부 주변의 흐름특성 변화 및 흐름특성이 구조물에 미치는 영향 등을 고려하기 위하여 수리모형실험이 필요한데, 수리모형실험은 많은 시간과 비용이 들어가기 때문에 이를 대체할 수 있는 방안이 요구된다. 그런 이유로 최근에는 수리모형실험 대신 수치모의를 이용하는 경우가 많다. 수치모의의 결과는 수리실험의 결과와 비교, 검증을 거쳐 신뢰성을 얻는다. 본 연구에서는, 3차원 수치모형의 다양한 난류모델을 이용하여 흡입파이프로 물이 유입될 때 흡입부 내, 외의 수심 별 유속 변화를 분석하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 FLOW 3D 모형의 검증을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.375-387
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• 2023

The subsea power cables are increasingly important for harvesting renewable energies as we develop offshore wind farms located at a long distance from shore. Particularly, the continuous flexural motion of inter-array dynamic power cable of floating offshore wind turbine causes tremendous fatigue damages on the cable. As the subsea power cable consists of the helical structures with various components unlike a mooring line and a steel pipe riser, the fatigue analysis of the cables should be performed using special procedures that consider stick/slip phenomenon. This phenomenon occurs between inner helically wound components when they are tensioned or compressed by environmental loads and the floater motions. In particular, Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) can be generated by currents and have significant impacts on the fatigue life of the cable. In this study, the procedure for VIV fatigue analysis of the dynamic power cable has been established. Additionally, the respective roles of programs employed and required inputs and outputs are explained in detail. Demonstrations of case studies are provided under severely sheared currents to investigate the influences on amplitude variations of dynamic power cables caused by the excitation of high mode numbers. Finally, sensitivity studies have been performed to compare dynamic cable design parameters, specifically, structural damping ratio, higher order harmonics, and lift coefficients tables. In the future, one of the fundamental assumptions to assess the VIV response will be examined in detail, namely a narrow-banded Gaussian process derived from the VIV amplitudes. Although this approach is consistent with current industry standards, the level of consistency and the potential errors between the Gaussian process and the fatigue damage generated from deterministic time-domain results are to be confirmed to verify VIV fatigue analysis procedure for slender marine structures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.586-603
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• 2004

One of the subtle problems that make noise control difficult for engineers is “the invisibility of noise or sound.” The visual image of noise often helps to determine an appropriate means for noise control. There have been many attempts to fulfill this rather challenging objective. Theoretical or numerical means to visualize the sound field have been attempted and as a result, a great deal of progress has been accomplished, for example in the field of visualization of turbulent noise. However, most of the numerical methods are not quite ready to be applied practically to noise control issues. In the meantime, fast progress has made it possible instrumentally by using multiple microphones and fast signal processing systems, although these systems are not perfect but are useful. The state of the art system is recently available but still has many problematic issues : for example, how we can implement the visualized noise field. The constructed noise or sound picture always consists of bias and random errors, and consequently it is often difficult to determine the origin of the noise and the spatial shape of noise, as highlighted in the title. The first part of this paper introduces a brief history, which is associated with “sound visualization,” from Leonardo da Vinci's famous drawing on vortex street (Fig. 1) to modern acoustic holography and what has been accomplished by a line or surface array. The second part introduces the difficulties and the recent studies. These include de-Dopplerization and do-reverberation methods. The former is essential for visualizing a moving noise source, such as cars or trains. The latter relates to what produces noise in a room or closed space. Another mar issue associated this sound/noise visualization is whether or not Ivecan distinguish mutual dependence of noise in space : for example, we are asked to answer the question, “Can we see two birds singing or one bird with two beaks?"