• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.54-63
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• 2017

The various colors and transparency of DSC and operability unrelated with directions greatly expand the use of BIPV, as a multi-functional composite of module. Therefore the possibility of DSC BIPV is examined by the case study and the analysis and then its applicability is examined. Most of the DSC BIPVs, which are found through a total of six case studies and analyzes in Korea and abroad, are mainly implemented with window glass and shading devices. This is related to the DSC transparency property. Improvements are due to the irritation of the eye due to the color of the red module. Therefore, it is important to take into account the color of the BIPV window depending on the use of the building and the room. Meanwhile, some colors of application model may stimulate eyes and such colors should be considered by use of buildings and rooms in the application of BIPV window. DSC BIPV has prospective diffusibility with the development of flexible module for the application of building surface.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2011

Recently the fuel cell has been spotlighted as a technology to reduce greenhouse gases emission from a ship. In this research, internal reforming 500kW solid oxide fuel cell stacks fueled by methane for a ship were developed. Characteristics of power and efficiency depending on the number of cells in the stack, hydrogen conversion ratio, and active area of the cell are evaluated. Also the effects of air and methane supplying conditions on performance are analyzed. As a result, as the number of cells, hydrogen conversion ratio, active area of the cell, or supplied air flow rate increase, the stack power and efficiency increase. When the methane flow rate increases, the power increases. However the efficiency decreases. In addition, the case at the current of 976.4 A, voltage of 529.1 V, with corresponding power of 516.6 kW shows that the efficiency of fuel cell stack is 42.91%.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2011

Ligneous biomass such as wood pellet is characterized as carbon neutral which has no carbon dioxide emission ; additionally, it can be used as an alternative fuel by co-firing without additional plant reformation as well as for maintaining stability of fuel supply. We can develop CDM project while co-firing by using biomass into conventional coal fired thermal power plant with AM0085 CDM methodology, and it's possible to prove additionality as fuel cost per kWh is higher than bituminous. The study shows that the electricity by biomass can reduce green house emission by $0.6737tCO_2$ per MWh.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2008

We developed emission factors for alternative fuels used in cement industries in Korea and also estimated reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) by the use of alternative fuels. Emission factors for GHG of waste tire, waste plastic, waste oil and RDF were estimated to be about 89, 78, 77 and 95 ton $CO_2$/TJ respectively. When compared with previous studies, most of the results showed similar trends. The calorific value estimation and elemental analysis for energy source were implemented in order to estimate the exact emission factors and the reduction of GHG emissions using alternative fuel. In the case of 'A' company, $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 4% lower than that of bituminous coal only. Also in case of company 'B', $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 1.4% lower than that of only bituminous coal. In Germany and Japan, alternative fuel is not regarded to be fuel consumption in cement industry. When applying this rule, the emission reductions were about 4.3% for company 'A' and 6.3% for company 'B'. The results of this study may be considered as a useful information for developing strategies in reducing GHG emissions.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2012

One-third of total energy and 50% of $CO_2$ emissions arise from construction phase. Because of this global amount of energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission, we must do our best to solve this problem. But our existing ways of meeting this problem has focused on the energy consumption saving of the construction and dwelling stage. On the other hand, we has been treated too lightly for handling the $CO_2$ emissions problem during the maintenance management and the demolition process so far,. In this paper, we quantitatively predicted and evaluated the environmental load in each construction step during all life cycle. And, we developed the environmental load assessment program for each construction step. And we proposed the reliable decision support model for objective and reliable environmental load assessment and reduction. This result must help the development of construction technology and low carbon & green growth.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.126-132
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• 2023

Recently, the consideration of eco-friendly technology to reduce greenhouse gas is being emphasized in the aviation field. Various studies for applying electro-mechanical actuators that control mechanical linear and rotational movements using electricity as the primary power source are in progress. In this study, the fatigue analysis of the electro-mechanical actuator for the front wheel steering of a single aisle aircraft was carried out. A unit load stress table was constructed for the vulnerable part selected through structural analysis, and the representative stress for each load profile was calculated using the unit load stress table constructed for the vulnerable part. Then, individual profiles of representative stress group were extracted from continuous load profiles by applying the rainflow counting method. The damage of each profile was calculated by applying the S-N diagram. Finally, the total damage in the vulnerable parts was calculated by the linear cumulative damage law, and the fatigue life of the electro-mechanical actuator for the front wheel steering of a single aisle aircraft was evaluated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.961-972
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• 2008

In 2004, total emissions of Greenhouse Gases(GHGs) in Korea was estimated to be about 590 million metric tons, which is the world's 10th largest emissions. Considering the much amount of nation's GHG emissions and growing nation's position in the world, GHG emissions in Korea should be reduced in near future. The CO$_2$ emissions from two sub-sections of energy sector in Korea, such as thermal power plant and industry section(including manufacturing and construction industries), was about 300 million metric tons in 2004 and this is 53.3% of total GHG emissions in Korea. So, the mitigation of CO$_2$ emissions in these two section is more important and more effective to reduce the nation's total GHGs than any other fields. In addition, these two section have high potential to qualitatively and effectively apply the CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage) technologies due to the nature of their process. There are several CCS technologies applied to these two section. In short term, the chemical absorption technology using amine as a absorbent could be the most effectively used. In middle or long term, pre-combustion technology equipped with ATR(Autothermal reforming), or MSR-$H_2$(Methane steam reformer with hydrogen separation membrane reactor) unit and oxyfuel combustion such as SOFC+GT(Solid oxide fuel cell-Gas turbine) process would be the promising technologies to reduce the CO$_2$ emissions in two areas. It is expected that these advanced CCS technologies can reduce the CO$_2$ avoidance cost to $US 8.5-43.5/tCO$_2$. Using the CCS technologies, if the CO$_2$ emissions from two sub-sections of energy sector could be reduced to even 10% of total emissions, the amount of 30 million metric tons of CO$_2$ could be mitigated.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.142-154
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• 2023

As the importance of the environment has been recognized worldwide, the need to calculate and reduce carbon emissions has been drawing an increasing attention throughout various industrial sections. Thereby the discipline of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) involving raw material preparation, production processes, transportation and installation has been established. There is a clear research gap between the need and the practice for Korean Case of renewable energy industry, particularly wind power. To bridge the gap, this study conducted LCA research on wind power generation in the Korean area of Yeongdeok, an example of a domestic onshor wind power complex using SimaPro, which is the most widely used LCA system. As a result of the study, the energy recovery period (EPT) of one wind turbine is about 10 months, and the GHG emitted to generate power of 1 kwh is 15 g CO₂/kWh, which is competitive compared to other energy sources. In the environmental impact assessment by component, the results showed that the tower of wind turbines had the greatest impact on various environmental impact sectors. The experience gained in this study can be further used in strengthening the introduction of renewable energy and reducing the carbon emission in line with reducing climate change.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.spc
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• pp.40-54
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• 2023

산업혁명 이후 화석연료의 광범위한 사용, 삼림 벌채, 토지사용의 변화 등과 같은 인위적 활동은 대기 중 온실가스(GHGs, greenhouse gases) 농도를 지속적으로 증가시켜 지구의 기후위기를 유발하였다. 우리나라의 경우 최근 30년 사이 평균 온도가 1.4℃ 상승하였으며, 국제사회의 일원으로 책임을 다하기 위해 2016년 11월 3일 파리협정을 비준하였다. 이에 파리협정의 목표인 산업화 이전 대비 지구 평균온도 상승을 2℃ 아래, 가능한 1.5℃ 아래로 억제하기 위해 2050년까지 CO₂ 순배출량을 0으로 만들어야 하며, 이를 위해 다양한 정책 마련과 함께 경제 및 사회 전반에 걸쳐 많은 노력이 경주되고 있는 실정이다. 탄소중립을 달성하기 위해서는 첫 번째로 GHGs 배출을 줄이고, 두번째로 대기에서 CO₂ 포집을 촉진하기 위해 현재 가동되는 다양한 산업분야의 생산 시스템을 개혁하는 것이 가장 중요한 과제로 고려되고 있다. 그동안 지하수토양 관련 연구분야에서는 지속가능성(sustainability), 복원성(resilience), 녹색성장(green growth) 등과 같은 사회적 요구에 부응하여, 녹색정화(green remediation), 자연 저감(natural attenuation), 탄소포집저장(carbon capture and sequestration), 지열발전등의 기술이 초기단계로 개발이 되고 연구가 되어 왔다. 이러한 기존 연구들은 탄소중립2050의 달성을 위해 고도화되어야하며, 추가적으로 자연 및 인위기원 탄소배출 연구, 토양의 역할을 고려한 저탄소 토지이용 기술, 광물탄산화 등의 연구 및 기술개발이 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 탄소중립2050의 간단한 내용과 함께, 이를 달성하기 위한 지하수토양 분야의 혁신기술 및 선도연구를 소개하였다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.463-488
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• 2015

A more detailed design of offset system is needed according to the emission trading system started in 2015. This study aims to estimate the supply of potential offset that can be secured by expanding high-efficiency household electric appliances. The target commodities for analysis are three different householding electric appliances: TV, washing machine, electric fan, refrigerator and air conditioner. By using the ARDL model, we estimated the coefficients of diffusion of these high-efficiency appliances from 2016 to 2022. Then, the potential supply of offset was drawn by calculating the amount of electricity saving by efficiency improvement and by applying the rates of carbon exchange. Supposing that the electricity savings rates of high-efficiency appliances are each 10% and 20%, the accumulated carbon decrement in 2022 was respectively $361,899CO_2t$ and $723,797CO_2t$. The appliance that showed the biggest carbon decrement was air conditioner, and the second biggest was refrigerator and the next was TV, followed by washing machine, electric fan.