• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.707-713
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• 1996

Changes of sodium chloride content in Chinese cabbage were investigated at different conditions. The diffusion rate of sodium chloride into the cabbage increased with increasing the temperature of brine solution. Sodium chloride content of Chinese cabbage at the lower portion of tank was higher than that at the upper position. The more washing and dewatering, the lower sodium chloride content of the cabbage was found. Microstructure pattern of salted cabbage tissue depended upon height of tank. The changed epidermis cell was recovered after several times of washing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.98-101
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• 2004

Complex regional pain syndrome is pain disorder which is characterized by aching pain, marked painful sensation, hypothermesthesia, vasomotor dysfunction, hyperhidrosis, impairment of motor function, trophic changes of distal part of not-operated extremity after trauma and operation. Pain produce increased sensitivity to catecholamine and diagnosed by infra red thermography and Treatment consists of pain relief and rehabilitational therapy for functional restoration of affected limb. We experienced a case of complex regional pain syndrome in a 16-year-old man after wedge resection of pulmonary apex for bullae and report this case with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.24-30
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• 2020

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are actively introduced as cooling and heating conditioning systems of buildings due to annual stable performance and easily maintenance. However, ground temperature imbalance is occurred when the GSHP is used for a long period. Therefore, in this study, we proposed the operation method of the system that considered the recovery time of heat source temperature. The entering water temperature (EWT) and heat exchange rate (HER) were comparatively analyzed according to the continuous and intermittent operation. Furthermore, the underground thermal environment was evaluated by numerical analysis model. As the result, the intermittent operation was a maximum of 12.3% higher HER during the heating period than the continuous operation. In addition, the overall ground heat source temperature at the intermittent operation was higher than it at the continuous operation.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2009

In order to recover fertility from sterile interspecific OA-1 $F_1$ hybrid (Oriental hybrid 'Mero Star' ${\times}$ Asiatic hybrid 'Connecticut King'), various concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) of caffeine were injected directly into flower buds and then confirmed the viability of OA-1 $F_1$ hybrid at the flowering time. After the caffeine treatment, fertilized $F_1$ hybrids were crossed as female with Asiatic hybrid 'Lanzarote' as male. Five plantlets were obtained from seven embryos of 16 pollinated flowers at 0.3% treatment of caffeine while 0.5% treatment of caffeine obtained one plant let and 0.1 % treatment of caffeine plantlet did not produce at all. Thus 0.3% of caffeine treatment was considered as optimum concentration to produce subsequent progenies and the OA-l $F_1$ hybrid treated with caffeine produced 51% of putative 2n gametes. Pollen germination of OA-2 ('Romero Star' ${\times}$ 'Lady Rosa') and OA-3 ('Expression' ${\times}$ 'Lady Rosa') was not differ between temperature treatment alone and in combination with caffeine and temperature treatment. In the reciprocal crosses of OA-1 and Asiatic hybrid 'Lanzarote' or Oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne', A ('Lanzarote') ${\times}$ OA-1 or OA-1 ${\times}$ A crosses showed better results than O ('Sorbonne') ${\times}$ OA-1 or OA-1 ${\times}$ a crosses in plant obtaining. All progenies obtained from A ${\times}$ OA-1 or OA-1 ${\times}$ A crosses were confirmed as triploids by GISH analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.720-723
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• 2006

The viability of Shigella sonnei, a significant cause of gastroenteritis in Korea, on TSA plates was determined after sublethal heating treatments and NaCl treatments. In addition, recovery levels of sublethally injured cells on TSA plates containing different concentrations of NaCl (TSAS) were investigated. The viability decreased significantly with increasing degree of sublethal heating treatments, but increases in NaCI treatment concentration from 0 to 6% had little effect on the viability. After being sublethally treated at $55^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, bacterial populations were reduced by 7.58, 7.83 and 7.93 log CFU/mL on 2, 4, and 6% TSAS, respectively. After being sublethally treated at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, bacterial populations were reduced by 6.71, 6.73, and 6.73 log CFU/mL on 2, 4 and 6% TSAS, respectively. Decimal reduction times (D-values) decreased with increasing NaCl treatment concentrations after sublethal heating at 55 or $60^{\circ}C$. These data imply that the S. sonnei cells sublethally injured by insufficient heating processes had a lower recovery rate with increasing NaCl concentrations in the recovery media.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1830-1832
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• 1999

고에너지 이온주입(1)에 기인한 격자 손상 발생 및 열처리에 따라 이들의 회복이 어느정도 가능한지에 대하여 측정 및 분석방법을 통하여 조사하였다. 그리고 본 실험에서는 이온주입시 형성되는 빈자리 결함(Vacancy defect)과 격자간 결함(interstitial defect)의 재결할(recombination)을 이용 점결합(point defect)를 감소 시킬 수 있는 effective RTA조건을 설정하여 well 특성을 개선하고자 하였다. 8inch p-type Si(100)기판에 pad oxide 100A을 형성한 후 NMOS 형성하기 위해 vtn${\sim}$p-well과 PMOS 형성을 위해 vtp$\sim$n-well을 이온주입 하였다. Mev damage anneal은 RTA(2)(Rapid Thermal Anneal)로 $1000\sim1150C$ 온도에서 $15\sim60$초간 spilt 하여 실험후 suprem-4 simulation data를 이용하여 실제 SIMS측정 분석결과를 비교하였으며 이온주입에 의해 발생된 격자손상이 열처리후 damage 정도를 알아보기 위해 T.W(Therma-Wave)을 이용하였으며 열처리후 면저항값은 4-point probe를 사용하였다. 이온주입후 열처리 전,후에 따른 불순물 분포를 SIMS(Secondary ion Mass Spectrometry)를 이용하여 살펴보았다. SIMS 결과로는 열처리 온도 및 시간의 증가에 따라서 dopant확산 및 활성화는 큰차이는 보이지 않고 오히려 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있으며 또한 접합깊이와 농도가 약간 낮아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 결점(defect)을 감소시키기 위해서 diffusivity가 빠른 임계온도영역($1150^{\circ}C$-60sec)에서 RTA를 실시하여 dopant확산을 억제하고 점결점(point defect)의 재결합(recombination)을 이용하여 전위 (dislocation)밀도를 감소시켜 이온주입 Damage 및 면저항을 감소 시켰다. 이와 같은 특성을 process simulation(3)(silvaco)을 통하여 비교검토 하였다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.786-795
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• 2002

Three-day-old sunfower(Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings were do-rooted and incubated in the nutrient solutions that contained either deficient or sufficient boron supply, and exposure to various pH and temperatures. In the absence of boron, no adventitious roots were formed in the majority of the seedlings. Boron caused the development of numerous adventitious roots in the lower part of the hypocotyl. The low pH damage was ameliorated by the simultaneous application of calcium, implying the involvement of calcium-requiring process in overcoming proton toxicity. Borate showed a strong ameliorative effect with $Ca^{2+}$. These results suggest that the primary target of proton toxicity may be linked to a disturbance of the stability in the pectic polysaccharide network, where calcium plays a key role in plant roots. Maximum temperature for the growth of adventitious roots was $25^{\circ}C$. Although cessation of growth is the most apparent symptom of boron deficiency, exogenous ascorbate improved adventitious root growth in plants in the absence of boron. From the results it is suggested that the inhibition of adventitious root resulting from boron deficiency, low pH and temperature damage may be a consequence of disrupted ascorbate metabolism.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.857-864
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• 2012

A linear stability analysis of a diffusion flame with radiation heat loss is performed to identify linearly unstable conditions for the Damk$\ddot{o}$hler number and radiation intensity. We adopt a counterflow diffusion flame with unity Lewis number as a model. Near the kinetic limit extinction regime, the growth rates of disturbances always have real eigenvalues, and a neutral stability condition perfectly falls into the quasi-steady extinction. However, near the radiative limit extinction regime, the eigenvalues are complex, which implies pulsating instability. A stable limit cycle occurs when the temperatures of the pulsating flame exceed the maximum temperature of the steady-state flame with real positive eigenvalues. If the instantaneous temperature of the pulsating flame is below the maximum temperature, the flame cannot recover and goes to extinction. The neutral stability curve of the radiation-induced instability is plotted over a broad range of radiation intensities.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 1998

The effects of deposition temperature of Pt top electrodes on the electrical properties of Pb(Zr,Ti))$O_3$, (PZT) thin film were investigated. When the Pt top electrodes were deposited at substrate temperatures of $200^{\circ}C$ or above,the ferroelectric properties of the PZT thin film under the Pt electrode were severely degraded. Whereas those of the PZT film where the Pt electrodes were not deposited were not degraded. Water vapors which remained in the vacuum chamber were dissociated into hydrogen atoms by the catalysis of Pt top electrode, and those hydrogen atoms diffused into the PZT film and produced oxygen vacancies at high substrate temperature, resulting in the degradation of the ferroelectric properties of the PZT film located under the Pt electrode. Since the water vapors could not be dissociated into hydrogen atoms without the catalysis of Pt. the degradation of the PZT film did not take place where the Pt electrode were not deposited. The degraded feroelectric properties could be recovered by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment. On the other hand. leakage current characteristics were improved with increasing the deposition temperature of Pt top electrodes.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1347-1352
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• 2008

The SCW ground heat pump system releases ground energy from the ground water of ground heat exchanger. In other word, ground water is used to heating through releases ground energy which oneself has. But the thermal efficiency of system is going to down because repetitive process of ground water will lost ground energy in standing column well system and if heating load is continually increase, energy of ground water may be frozen or there are no benefits to use ground energy as it owes just little energy. To solve these problems, there are need to exchange water to the ground heat exchanger then the way will be used to maintain Efficiency continually as the way of to be supplied with fresh ground water into ground heat exchanger. However, this type causes waste of ground water. Therefore it is essential to discharge water to outside timely on a heat exchanger. Therefor through a study, find out the best time to discharge water to outside and exchange water to ground heat exchanger, and propose to the DB of design of the ground heat exchanger.