• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2014

The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared and their pervaporation performance was tested to concentrate the acetic acid aqueous solution. The coating of the composite membranes were confirmed by SEM images and the coating thickness was averagely $3.85{\mu}m$. As the crosslinking agent and the crosslinking temperature increase, the permeability decreases while the separation factor increases. Typically, the permeability $250g/m^2{\cdot}hr$ and the separation factor 13 were obtained for glutaraldehyde 13 wt% as the crosslinking agent and crosslinking temperature $140^{\circ}C$. And for the use of another crosslinking agent, poly (acrylic acid) 9 wt% and crosslinking temperature $140^{\circ}C$, the permeability $330g/m^2{\cdot}hr$ and separation factor 9 were obtained.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.138-147
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• 1998

This paper compared selectivities and mass transfer rates of valuable aromatics (naphthalene group: carbon number 10-12) in the light cycle oil obtained from solvent extraction (SE) with those obtained from liquid membrane permeation (LMP). An aqueous solution of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and an aqueous solution of saporrin and DMSO were used as extraction solvent of SE and the membrane phase of LMP, respectivdy. Selectivities of naphthalene group in reference to n-nonane obtained from SE runs were rapidly increased with decreasing the operating temperature, whereas, those obtained from LMP runs were remained constant throughout the operating temperature. At room temperature, selectivities of naphthalene group obtained from SE were greater than those from SE. Furthermore, mass transfer rates of naphthalene group by SE and LMP were measured in a baffled batch stirred vessel. It was found that the extraction rates of SE were faster by about 280 times than the permeation rates of LMP.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2010

Membrane distillation (MD) is a separation process which higher vapor pressure components are evaporated in mixed liquid solution through hydrophobic membrane with 0.1 or $0.5{\mu}m$ pore size. In this study, direct contact membrane distillation process for hollow fiber module were interpreted numerically using the "COMSOL Multiphysics" software. The variables for the system were temperatures and flow rates of lumen and shell side solutions. The permeate flux increased from 1.0 to $3.8L/m^2{\cdot}hr$ as temperature of the feed solution for lumen increased from 30 to $50^{\circ}C$. However the effect of shell solution temperature on permeate flux was relatively low. Also, the optimum velocity of lumen feed was obtained at 0.15 m/s ($Re_L=135$) by considering MD permeate flux as well as operating pressure loss.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.51-51
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• 1995

혐기성 미생물의 특징은 성장 속도가 느리고 침강성이 좋지 않다는 점이다. 이 문제의 한 해결책인 막결합형 혐기성 소화는 고액분리를 완전하게 수행함으로써 미생물의 유출을 방지하여 반응조 내부에 미생물을 고농도로 유지할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 에너지의 회수와 설비 면적의 축소 등 많은 장점이 있다. 이 막결합형 혐기성 소화의 경제성은 사용된 분리막의 투과 속도에 의해 크게 좌우된다. 분리막의 투과 속도에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 미생물 및 유입수를 비롯한 반응조 내부의 상태, 막모듈 압력 온도 막면유속 등의 운전 조건이 있다. 또한 사용되는 분리막 자체의 재질도 투과 유속에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구의 목적은 관형의 지르코니아 스킨층과 탄소 소재 지지층으로 이루어진 복합 재료 분리막과 폴리프로필렌 분리막을 이용하여 막재질에 따른 막오염 특성을 비교 분석하고 효과적인 투과율 회복 방법을 확립하는 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.309-324
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• 1994

A total of 2,276 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani obtained from diseased crops of 68 species was classified into anastomosis groups AG-1, AG-2-1, AG-2-2, AG-3, AG-4 and AG-5 by anastomosis test. Among the isolates, 1,091 isolates were identified as AG-1, 326 isolates as AG-2-1, 191 isolates as AG-2-2, 71 isolates as AG-3, 505 isolates as AG-4, and 92 isolates as AG-5. Among the isolates of AG-1, 791 isolates were grouped as cultural type IA, 280 isolates as cultural type IB, and the others as cultural type IC. Among the isolates of AG-2-2, 112 isolates were grouped as cultural type IIIB, and the others as cultural type IV. Cultural types IA, IB and IC of AG-1 were isolated from 7, 26 and 2 species of crops, respectively. AG-2-1 was isolated from 10 species of crops. Cultural types IIIB and IV of AG-2-2 were isolated from 7 and 3 species of crops, respectively. AG-3 was only isolated from Solanum tuberosum. AG-4 was isolated from 43 species of crops, and AG-5 from 13 species of crops. A single anastomosis group was isolated from each of 45 species of crops, but two or more than two anastomosis groups were isolated from each of the other crops. Cultural appearance of the isolates belonging to an anastomosis group or a cultural type was mostly distinct from that belonging to others, although cultural appearances of some anastomosis groups or cultural types were similar to one another. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of AG-1, AG-2-2, AG-4 and AG-5 ranged from 26 to $30^{\circ}C$, and that of AG-2-1 and AG-3 from 22 to $26^{\circ}C$. Minimum temperature for mycelial growth of AG-2-1 was the lowest as $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$, that of AG-1(IA) and AG-4 was the highest as $10{\sim}11^{\circ}C$, and that of the others ranged from 5 to $10^{\circ}C$. Maximum temperature for mycelial growth of AG-2-2(IIIB) was the highest as $36{\sim}37^{\circ}C$, that of AG-2-1 was the lowest as $29{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, and that of the others ranged from 31 to $36^{\circ}C$. When the mycelial growth rates at $26^{\circ}C$ were compared, AG-1(IC) grew most rapidly, followed by AG-1(IA) and AG-1(IB), and AG-2-1 grew most slowly.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

In this study, vortex tube system model is developed to predict the temperature of the hot and the cold sides. The vortex tube model is developed based on the system identification method, and the model utilized in this work to design the vortex tube is ARX type (Auto-Regressive with eXtra inputs). The derived polynomial model is validated against experimental data to verify the overall model accuracy. It is also shown that the derived model passes the stability test. It is confirmed that the derived model closely mimics the physical behavior of the vortex tube from both the static and dynamic numerical experiments by changing the angles of the low-temperature side throttle valve, clearly showing temperature separation. These results imply that the system identification based modeling can be a promising approach for the prediction of complex physical systems, including the vortex tube.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2009

The waste solution discharged form the LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) manufacturing process contains phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and metal ions such Al and other impurities. In this study, vacuum evaporation and diffusion dialysis was developed to commercialize an efficient system for recovering the high-purity phosphoric acid and manufacturing monoammonium phosphate. By vacuum evaporation, almost 99% of nitric and acetic acid was removed. Also, by diffusion dialysis, about 97.5% of Al was removed. Monoammonium phosphate was manufactured from purified phosphoric acid and ammonium hydroxide. In order to get the optimum manufacturing condition, the molar ratio of ammonium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, pH and temperature was controlled. Using this optimum condition, we obtained the recovery rate of monoammonium phosphate of about 90%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.476-481
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• 2013

Ethylbenzene (EB) which has a similar physical properties with p-xylene (pX) was separated from EB/pX mixture by using MFI-type zeolite (TS-1, ZSM-5, and Silicalite-1) coated membranes. The zeolites were synthesized by microwave method to reduce the synthesis time and uniformly formed zeolite particles were coated on the ${\alpha}$-almina tubular support with a thickness of $3-4{\mu}m$. Separation factor and permeation flux of the synthesized zeolite coated membranes were measured to survey the best performance of ethylbenzene separation from different composition of EB/pX mixtures. When the EB/pX mixture of 5:5 molar ratio applied for the separation experiment, it represented the highest separation factor. We also have studied about the effect of the atomic composition of zeolites on the separation performance within the temperature range from 160 to $220^{\circ}C$. TS-1 showed the highest permeation flux of $1,666mol/m^{2*}s^*Pa$ and Silicate-1 showed the highest separation factor of 1.73 at $200^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2024

Polyether ketone (PEEK) has been widely used in membranes because of its excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and significant mechanical strength. However, the melting temperature is very high, making it difficult to find suitable solvents. Therefore, in this study, PEEK and benzophenone (DPK) were used as diluents to prepare a membrane with excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability using the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method to compensate for the shortcomings of PEEK membrane preparation and achieving the highest performances. The optimal membrane manufacturing conditions were confirmed through the crystallization temperature and cloud point according to the polymer content through the phase diagram. Subsequently, the morphological changes of the membrane, influenced by the polymer and diluent content, were confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the membrane thickness tended to increase with higher polymer content. Tensile strength and DI-water permeability tests were conducted to confirm the mechanical strength and permeability of the membrane. Through the previous characteristic evaluation, it was confirmed that the membrane using PEEK had excellent mechanical strength and permeability.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.414-419
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• 1987

Temperature-sensitive revertant could grow on acetic acid at 23$^{\circ}C$ but not at 33$^{\circ}C$, MX9-11RX8, isolated from mutant deficient in the activity of isocitrate lyase and its properties were investigated. The activity of isocitrate lyase and specific rate of isocitrate lyase synthesis decreased according to in-crease culture temperature from 23 to 33 $^{\circ}C$ in acetic acid as carbon source. A rapid cessation of in-crease enzyme activity observed when the temperature was shift up from 23 to 33$^{\circ}C$ but cell growth was continued. On the other hand, the revertant also exhibited temperature-sensitive in n-hexade-cane medium as carbon source, and the amount of isocitric acid was nearly equal produced to that at 23 $^{\circ}C$ when the temperature shift up from 23 to 33 $^{\circ}C$.