• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.224.2-224.2
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 CIGS박막 태양전지의 온도 및 시간 인가에 따른 전기적 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 실험에서는 온도 스트레스를 $25^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$에서 각각 10시간씩 인가한 후에 Dark I-V와 C-V측정을 통해 전기적 특성 변화를 분석하였다. $25^{\circ}C$일 때를 초기 온도로 하여 특성을 측정한 것과 온도별로 노출시킨 후에 측정한 것을 비교했을 때 소자의 효율은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 감소하기 시작하였고, 인가한 온도가 높을수록 점점 많이 감소하는 모습이 나타났다. 이와 비슷하게 I-V그래프와 C-V그래프의 모습도 초기 값과 비교해서 변화하는 모습이 나타났고, 온도가 높아질수록 점점 변화하는 양이 증가하였다. I-V그래프에서 Diode ideality factor는 온도변화에 따라 초기 값 대비 증가하는 모습이 나타났다. 온도에 노출되기 전보다 노출된 후에 current와 capacitance가 감소하는 경향을 보이는데, 이는 온도의 영향으로 인해 소자의 결함이 증가하여 전하들의 반응에 영향을 주었기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2009

The extract of Platycarya strobilacea is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer properties. We have reported that the ethyl acetate fraction of Platycarya strobilacea (PS-ET fraction) has high potential as an antioxidant agent (J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea 34(4) 275, 2008). In this study, antibacterial activity of the fraction and stability of the cream containing 0.2% PS-ET fraction were investigated for the application to cosmetics. Antibacterial activity of PS-ET fraction against various skin pathogenic bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pityrosporum ovale) was measured by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC values of PS-ET fraction on P. acnes, S. aureus, and P. ovale were 0.13%, 0.06% and 0.25%, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the fraction was the highest in the S. aureus. For the stability evaluation, pH and viscosity of the cream containing 0.2% PS-ET fraction were measured. The results showed that pH changes of the cream containing PS-ET fraction was lower than the control cream without PS-ET fraction. And the PS-ET fraction could repress the decrease of viscosity of the cream against sunlight treatment. These results suggest that the fraction of Platycarya strobilacea has high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria and could be added to improve the stability of cosmetic products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.373-380
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• 2023

This study surveyed and compared the temperature distribution in domestic refrigerators and freezers used in Korea to determine whether temperature varied according to the location of food storage. We selected 50 people to collect temperature data; among them, 25 measured the temperature of refrigerators, while the remaining measured the temperature of freezers. Consequently, the lowest and highest temperatures measured in domestic refrigerators were found to be -8.2℃ and 15.8℃, respectively, with an average temperature of 3.73℃. The temperature distribution based on internal location was: 5.06±1.69℃ for the door storage compartment, 4.18±1.19℃ for the inside wall surface, and 3.41±1.36℃ for the inner storage box. Significant temperature differences between the top and bottom were only identified at the door storage compartment (P<0.01). Further, the minimum and maximum temperatures measured in the freezer was -30.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with an average temperature of -17.95℃. The temperature distribution based on location was: -17.19±1.68℃ for the door storage compartment, -17.81±1.07℃ for the inside wall surface, and -18.78±1.72℃ for the inside storage box. The results were similar to that of the refrigerator, with the lowest temperature in the inside storage box, and a significant temperature difference between the top and bottom noted only at the door (P<0.01). The maximum temperature difference (between locations) within the refrigerator and freezer was found to be 2.18 and 2.02℃, respectively. In conclusion, the temperature in the entire space was not constant; there were significant deviations at different storage locations. Therefore, public authorities should actively advise customers on the recommended storage locations for each food type. People will benefit from awareness about storage management, including avoiding storage of temperature-sensitive foods in door compartment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 1983

The water content, respiration rate, solid, and starch contents in the potate tuber of May Queen and Namjak stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ were determined during 27 week period. Changes in appearance of the surface and internal tissue also were observed. The dormancy period of May Queen stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ was 12 seeks, but Namjak at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ were 9 weeks and 21 weeks, respectively. Greening developed from 12 weeks in the tuber of May Queen at $5^{\circ}C$ and browning of Namjak stored at $5^{\circ}C$ was observed from 6 weeks. In both potatoes stored at $20^{\circ}C$, the rates of respiration were higher than those stored at $5^{\circ}C$, and the rates increased continuously after sprouting at $20^{\circ}C$ but maintained at the low level at $5^{\circ}C$. Solid and starch contents of Namjak were always higher than those of May Queen during 27 weeks, but the levels did not change significantly with time. Solid and starch contents at $20^{\circ}C$ maintained at higher level than at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

This study was evaluated to increase the production efficiency of Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, which are recently increasing attention as industrial insects in Korea. In this study, the hatching rate and larval period were investigated along with temperature and humidity, as well as the survival rate and ovipositional temperatures along with rearing density. The optimum relative humidity for hatching was highest at 90%, which shows the hatching rate of 90%. The highest hatching rate was 98.3% at $20^{\circ}C$. The hatching period was shortest at $35^{\circ}C$ incubation, which shows 7.1 days in average. The survival rate at 3,000-20,000 individuals in the breeding container was 34-18% after rearing for 35 days. In the effect test of feeding vegetables, the survival rate was 1.8 times and the biomass weight 2.5 times higher than that of normal individuals respectively. The number of laying eggs by temperature was highest at $25^{\circ}C$, which shows 1,710 eggs after reading for 30 days.

• Plant Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

In this study, the PV output and module temperature values were predicted using the Meteorological Agency data and compared with actual data, weather, solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind speed. The forecast accuracy by weather was the lowest in the data on a clear day, which had the most data of the day when it was snowing or the sun was hit at dawn. The predicted accuracy of the module temperature and the amount of power generation according to the amount of insolation decreased as the amount of insolation increased, and the predicted accuracy according to the ambient temperature decreased as the module temperature increased as the ambient temperature increased and the amount of power generated lowered the ambient temperature. As for wind speed, the predicted accuracy decreased as the wind speed increased for both module temperature and power generation, but it was difficult to define the correlation because wind speed was insignificant than the influence of other weather conditions.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2001

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.91.2-91.2
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• 2010

지면-대기상의 관계에서 지중온도와 토양수분의 역할이 중요함에도 불구하고 이들 변수의 다양한 시공간적 변동성, 관측자료의 한계, 관련자료 및 이해 부족 등으로 인하여 아직까지 체계적인 연구가 이루어지지 못하고 있다. Idso 등(1975)에 의해 처음 토양수분과 지중온도에 대한 연구를 시작으로 Lakshmi 등(2003)은 지중온도가 토양수분과 역의 관계를 가짐을 도출하였으며 이를 이용한 선형회귀분석을 수행하여 토양수분을 예측하였다. 기존연구를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 설마천 타워(Flux tower)에서 기록된 지중온도와 토양수분 자료를 이용하여 사계절에 따른 상관관계를 분석하였다. 조사기간 동안 토양수분은 봄부터 가을까지의 경우 지중온도가 강한 음의 상관계수를 가지는 반면 겨울의 경우 지중온도와 강한 양의 상관계수를 가지는 것으로 판단이 되었다. 즉, 계절에 따라 지중온도와 토양수분의 관계가 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구에서 토양수분에 대한 지중온도의 계절별 선형적 관계를 도출하였으며 지표상의 물 에너지 순환에 대한 보다 나은 이해를 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 1990

광자기 메모리용 재료인 비정질 TbFe 박막을 대상으로 열자기 기록시 박막에 분포하는 온도와 이때 만들어지는 bit의 크기간에 상호관련성을 조사하였다. 레이저 조사에 의해 가열된 박막의 온도분포는 유한요소법을 이용한 열전달 해석에 의해 계산하였다. 레이저 가열종료 직전 박막 면에 분포하는 온도 contour로 부터 bit 크기를 예측하였다. 여기서 bit 크기는 온도 상승에 따라 보자력이 약화되어 외부자계와 박막반자장의 합력이 역자구를 만들어 준다고 가정하여 이 경계가 되는 온도(Tcrit)로 이루어지는 등온선의 크기로부터 정하였다. 열자기 기록 실험으로부터 기록 bit의 크기(Dmeas.)을 측정하여 레이저조사조건별로 예측한 bit크기(Dpred.)와 비교하였다. 특히, 레이저 pulse시간 변화에 따른 여러온도의 등온선 contour 직경변화를 조사하여 실측한 bit크기와 비교 검토함으로써 bit형성에 미치는 온도분포의 영향을 조사하였다. 이 결과 레이저 pulse시간이 길어지거나 레이저 power가 상대적으로 작을때 실측한 bit크기가 예측된 bit크기보다 커지는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 Tcrit 온도구배가 완만해질수록 bit경계가 되는 온도가 낮아지는 것으로 해석된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

반도체 칩과 패키지는 wire로 연결되는데, 이 때 반도체의 용도에 따라 다양한 wire와 pad의 조합이 사용되며, 이 두 개의 다른 금속물질 결합부위는 IMC(Inter Metallic Compound)를 형성하게 된다. 그러나, 결함 및 오염 등에 의하여 인접재료의 원자들이 이동하는 확산(Diffusion)이 발생하게 되어 IMC가 성장하고, 두 개의 금속물질간의 확산율은 상호 다르며, 확산율은 온도에 따른 함수가 된다. Au wire와 Ag pad를 이용하여 제조한 IR 수신모듈를 대상으로 3가지 고온조건에서 가속수명시험을 실시하였고, 각 온도별 수명분포를 바탕으로 가속계수와 활성화에너지 도출 및 정상온도에서의 수명도 예측할 수 있었다.