• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2003

ZnwO₄는 높은 품질계수에 의해 주파수 선택성이 뛰어나지만 다층형태의 고주파 무선부품으로의 응용을 위해서는 높은 소결온도(1100℃), 큰 음의 공진주파수 온도계수(-70ppm/℃), 낮은 유전율(15.5) 둥에 대한 보정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 ZnwO₄에 TiO₂ 및 LiF를 첨가하여 ZnwO₄의 저손실특성을 유지하면서 주파수 온도안정성 및 저온소결성을 부여하고자 하였다. 큰 양의 공진주파수 온도계수(＋400ppm/℃) 및 유전율(100)을 갖는 TiO₂의 첨가는 공진주파수 온도계수를 음의 값에서 양의 값으로 변화시켰으며 유전율의 증가를 가져왔다. TiO₂를 20 mol％ 첨가한 경우 공진주파수 온도 계수가 0에 가깜고 유전율 19.4에 품질계수 50000㎓의 특성을 얻을 수 있었으나 소결온도는 1100℃로 높은 소결온도를 보였다. ZnwO₄에 TiO₂가 첨가된 혼합체에 LiF의 첨가는 액상형성에 의해 소결온도를 1100℃에서 850℃로 크게 저하시킬 수 있었다. LiF는 첨가는 LiF 자체의 큰 공진주파수 온도계수에 의해 온도계수를 음의 값으로 변화시켰다. 따라서 TiO₂ 및 LiF의 적당량의 첨가는 온도 안정성을 갖는 저손실 ZnwO₄-TiO₂-LiF계 LTCC 소재를 제조할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05b
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• pp.257-260
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• 2000

소결온도 및 소결시간의 변화가 ZST세라믹의 유전상수 $\varepsilon_{\tau}$, 품질계수 $Q{\cdot}f$ 및 공진주파수의 온도계수 $\tau_f$에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 소결온도를 $1420^{\circ}C$까지 올렸을 때 공진기 섭동방법으로 1.6GHz에서 측정한 품질계수 Q가 가장 높았으나, 소결밀도 및 유전상수는 오히려 감소하였다. 소결시간의 증가에 따른 품질계수 Q는 $1300^{\circ}C{\sim}1380^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서는 소폭 상승하였으며, 소결밀도 및 유전상수는 거의 일정하였다. 공진주파수의 온도계수 $\tau_f$는 소결온도 및 소결시간의 변화에는 거의 의존하지 않았다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.10-12
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• 1980

Mooney 점도계(粘度計)의 scorch time을 이용(利用)하여 가황온도(加黃溫度) 계수(係數)를 측정(測定)하였다. 그 결과(結果), 가황온도(加黃溫度) 계수(係數)는 온도(溫度)가 $10^{\circ}C$ 상승시(上昇時)마다 대개 $1.6\sim2.6$의 치(値)를 나타내나 가황제(加黃劑)나 촉진제(促進劑)의 종류(種類)와 량(量)에 따라 변(變)한다. 특(特)히 황일촉진제(黃一促進劑) 배합물(配合物)에서의 가황온도(加黃溫度) 계수(係數)는 배합제(配合劑)에 대한 황(黃)과 촉진제(促進劑)의 사용량(使用量)에 관계(關係)하며 그 영향은 황(黃)쪽이 크다. 또한 황(黃)은 가황온도(加黃溫度)가 $145^{\circ}C$ 근처에서 가장 활성화(活性化)되며, 가황온도(加黃溫度) 계수(係數)는 높게 된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.56-61
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• 1973

The temperature coefficients and phase velocity dispersions of elastic surface wave layer mode with Ag or Pd layer on piezoelectric LiNbO3 svbstrate rotated 131$^{\circ}$ Y out are calculated as a function of thickness by numerical method. Calculated results are shown that the temperature coefficients are rapidly increased in proportion as the thickness of Ag layer increases. and irregular variation of the temperature coefficients appears in the case of Pd layer. Minimum value, -36$\times$10 /$^{\circ}C$, of the temperature coefficients of elastic surface wave with Pd layer on LiMbO3 substrate rotated 131$^{\circ}$ Y cut is obtained at wh=9000.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.214-219
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• 1997

CANDU원자로의 노심계산을 위한 WIMS-AECL에 적합한 최적의 cross section library를 선정하기 위하여, 연소도에 대한 무한증배계수(k$\infty$)의 변화와 핵연료온도반응도계수, 냉각재온도반응도계수, 감속재온도반응도계수 및 기포반응도들을 계산하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과, WIMS-AECL에 WINFRITH와 ENDF/B-V를 사용한 경우 핵연료 온도계수를 제외하고는 무한증배계수와 반응도계수들의 계산차이는 유효연소도 영역에서 크지 않았다. 그러나 연소가 진행됨에 따라 차이가 커짐을 보여주고 있으며, 기존의 POWDERPUFS-V(PPV)결과와는 초기 연소도에서는 차이가 적으나, 연소도가 커짐에 따라 많은 차이를 보여주고 있다. 따라서, 연소된 핵연료 또는 Pu이 함유된 핵연료에 대한 격자실험의 자료에 의하여 평가 및 검증될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.26-26
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• 2001

온도에 따른 반도체 에너지갭의 변화를 디지털 영상처리를 이용해 직접 측정하는 적외선 영상기법을 제안하고 있다. 본 방법은 반도체 에너지갭의 온도계수를 경제적이고 간단하게 평가할 수 있도록 한다. 본 기법의 핵심 구성 부품은 다색광원기(Polychromator), 프레임 그래버가 내장된 컴퓨터 및 가변 온도 저온유지장치(Cryostat)이다. 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 LEC 방법으로 제조한 GaAs에 시험적으로 행한 실험은 온도 계수가 이론 모델에서 구한 값과 전반적으로 잘 일치함을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.300-305
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• 1998

In this paper, integrated pressure sensor with calibration of offset voltage and full scale output and temperature compensation of offset voltage and full scale output were designed. The signal conditioning circuitry are designed that calibrate the offset voltage and full scale output to desired values and minimize the temperature drift of offset voltage and full scale output. Designed circuits are simulated using SPICE in a bipolar technology. The ion implanted resistor of different temperature coefficient were used to trimming the desired values. As a results, offset voltage was calibrated to 0.133V and the temperature drift of offset voltage was reduced to $42\;ppm/^{\circ}C$. Also, the full scale output was calibrated to 4.65V and the temperature coefficient of full scale output was reduced to $40ppm/^{\circ}C$ after temperature compensation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2013

This study was conducted to suggest a model to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient of single layer covering for various greenhouse conditions. There was a strong correlation between cover surface temperature and inside air temperature of greenhouse. The equations to calculate the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients proposed by Kittas were best fitted for calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient. Because the coefficient of linear regression between the calculated and measured cover surface temperature was founded to 0.98, the slope of the straight line is 1.009 and the intercept is 0.001, the calculation model of overall heat transfer coefficient proposed by this study is acceptable. The convective heat transfer between the inner cover surface and the inside air was greater than the radiative heat transfer, and the difference increased as the wind speed rose. The convective heat transfer between the outer cover surface and the outside air was less than the radiative heat transfer for the low wind speed, but greater than for the high wind speed. The outer cover convective heat flux increased proportion to the inner cover convective heat flux linearly. The overall heat transfer coefficient increased but the cover surface temperature decreased as the wind speed increased, and the regression function was founded to be logarithmic and power function, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2003

ZnWO$_4$shows excellent frequency selectivity due to its high quality factor(Q${\times}$f) at microwave frequencies. However, in order to use ZnWO$_4$as multilayered wireless communication components, its other properties such as sintering temperature(105$0^{\circ}C$). $$\tau$_f$(-70ppm/$^{\circ}C$) and $$\varepsilon$_r$(15.5) should be modified. In present study, TiO$_2$and LiF were used to improve the microwave dielectric and sintering properties of ZnWO$_4$. TiO$_2$ additions to ZnWO$_4$changed $\tau$$_{f}$ from negative to positive value, and also increased $$\varepsilon$_r$, due to its high $$\tau$_f$(＋400ppm$^{\circ}C$) and $$\varepsilon$_r$(100). At 20 mol% TiO$_2$ addition, $$\tau$_f$was controlled to near zero ppm/$^{\circ}C$ with $$\varepsilon$_r$=19.4 and Q${\times}$ f=50000GHz. However, the sintering temperature was 110$0^{\circ}C$. LiF addition to the ZnWO$_4$＋TiO$_2$ mixture greatly reduced the sintering temperature from 110$0^{\circ}C$ to 85$0^{\circ}C$ due to liquid phase formation. Also LiF addition decreased the $$\tau$_f$value due to its high negative $$\tau$_f$ value. Therefore, by controlling the TiO$_2$and LiF amount. temperature stable LTCC(Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics) material with low loss in the ZnWO$_4$-TiO$_2$-LiF system could be fabricated.d.d.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.610-618
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• 2001

This paper investigates the relationships between dynamic elastic modulus and static elastic modulus or compressive strength according to curing temperature, aging, and cement type. Based on this investigation, the new model of the relationships we proposed. Impact echo method estimates the resonant frequency of specimens and uniaxial compression test measures the static elastic modulus and compressive strength. Type I and V cement concretes, which have the water-cement ratios of 0.40 and 0.50, are cured under the isothermal curing temperatures of 10, 23, and 50$\^{C}$ Cement type and aging have no large influence on the relationship between dynamic and static elastic modulus, but the ratio of dynamic and static elastic modulus comes close to 1 as temperature increases. Initial chord elastic modulus which is calculated at lower strain level of stress-strain curve, has the similar value to dynamic elastic modulus. The relationship between dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength has the same tendency as the relationship between dynamic and static elastic modulus according to cement type, temperature and aging. The proposcd relationship equations between dynamic elastic modulus and static elastic modulus or compressive strength properly estimates the variation of relationships according to cement type md temperature.