• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.629-636
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• 2004

In order to study developments of the marine atmosphere boundary layer in cloud incoming, important parameters like heat advection, surface layer heat flux, and radiation energy were estimated using the rawinsonde, AWS data, satellite images, and buoy data which was installed at the East Sea. We explained the variation and the development of mixed layer in terms of surface layer heat flux and long wave radiation under the cloudy sky. The heat flux was obtained by means of the bulk method. Conservation of heat was analysed by heat budget equation, which was consist of buoy data in the East sea, and sounding data at Ulleungdo and at Pohang. During the inflow of cloud, radiative cooling at the surface after was suppressed and long wave radiation from cloud played a role of warming. The surface layer temperature was also remained warm by influence of warm advection from south-easterly direction. The air temperature in night was increased, as a result, mixed layer was not destroyed and The nocturnal boundary layer was composed of the mixed layer and the residual layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

In this study, gas turbine engine inlet duct was designed to satisfy uniform flow at aerodynamic interface plane (AIP). Haack-series was selected as nose cone profile and duct outer radius($r_o$) was designed to satisfy to match with area change rate between the nose cone and outer duct wall by the 1-D sizing. The design object of the inlet duct wall profile which has the gradual area change rate was uniform Mach number in the core flow region and minimum boundary later thickness at the both inner nose wall and outer duct wall. The flow characteristics inside the inlet duct was evaluated using CFD. The static pressure distribution at the AIP showed uniform pattern within 0.16%. Based on Mach number profile, the boundary layer thickness was 2% of channel height. Kiel temperature rake location was decided less than 100 mm in front of nose cone where the Mach number is less than 0.1 in order to maximize the temperature probe recovery rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2005

For pump-fed rocket propulsion system, the temperature of LOX to be supplied to turbopump inlet should be satisfied with pump inlet temperature requirement during all operating stages, as excessive temperatures can result in cavitation due to reduction in NPSH, thus either damaging the pump or adversely affecting pump performance rise. So exact estimation of LOX temperature rise is absolutely needed for developing reliable propulsion system. This paper presents systematic analysis scheme for estimating inner process of cryogenic propellant tank which is needed for LOX temperature rise. And this paper presents LOX temperature rise and thermal stratification for all rocket operating stages including cooling, filling, waiting, pre-pressurization and firing, with the application of buoyancy driven boundary layer theory.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2010

The procedure for estimating the gas (rotational) temperature of an air discharge in supersonic flows is presented in detail. Since direct measurement of the temperature in a supersonic flow is difficult, a nonintrusive measurement was performed by optical emission spectroscopy based on the emission spectra of nitrogen molecular ions. A detailed explanation, including the equations for emission line intensity, is presented in order to understand the structure of the emission spectra of nitrogen molecular ions. Using the obtained representation for emission spectrum, a synthetic spectrum of the first negative system of $N_2^+$ is obtained, and it is compared with the experimentally measured spectrum. Within a relative error of approximately 6.8% for the overall band spectra, the synthetic and measured spectra agree well. In the case of a 25-mA DC air discharge in a supersonic (Mach 3) flow, the gas temperature profile shows an approximately linear variation and a peak temperature of approximately 350 K.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.425-430
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• 2019

Zinc coatings are widely used because of their environmental friendliness and high performance. In general, the coating temperature is a major factor in determining the coating layer thickness and coating quality. In the case of a zinc coating, a uniform and appropriate coating temperature is required. In this study, a thermal flow simulation of the air flow was performed to analyze the temperature distribution of a zinc spray coating room in a natural convection state. Using SolidWorks, modeling was performed for two spray coating rooms, a preheating room, and a drying room, and a thermal flow coupled analysis was performed using ANSYS-FLUENT. As a result of the analysis, the temperature distribution characteristics in the spray coating rooms were determined. It was found that the present temperature was below the target temperature of $25^{\circ}C$. Simulations were conducted for two different boundary conditions (one with a heater added and another with the open part closed). The simulation results show that the method of closing the open part is better than adding the heater.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2015

We performed injection tests in a deep-seated confined aquifer to assess the potential of artificial recharge as a means of preventing saltwater contamination, thereby securing groundwater resources for the Nakdong Delta area of Busan City, Korea. The study area comprises a confined aquifer, in which a 10-21-m-thick clay layer overlies 31.5-36.5 m of sand and a 2.8-11-m-thick layer of gravel. EC logging of five monitoring wells yielded a value of 7-44 mS/cm, with the transition between saline and fresh water occurring at a depth of 15-38 m. Above 5 m depth, water temperature is 10-15.5℃, whereas between 5 and 50 m depth the temperature is 15.5-17℃. Approximately 950 m³ of fresh water was injected into the OW-5 injection well at a rate of 370 m³/day for 62 hours, after which the fresh water zone was detected by a CTD Diver installed at a depth of 40 m. The persistence of the fresh water zone was determined via EC and temperature logging at 24 hours after injection, and again 21 days after injection. We observed a second fresh water zone in the OW-2 well, where the first injection test was performed more than 20 days before the second injection test. The contact between fresh and saline water in the injection well is represented by a sharp boundary rather than a transitional boundary. We conclude that the injected fresh water occupied a specific space and served to maintain the original water quality throughout the observation period. Moreover, we suggest that artificial recharge via long-term injection could help secure a new alternative water resource in this saline coastal aquifer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1272-1278
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• 2011

This study was conducted to reclassify Cheongweon series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Cheongweon series distributed on broad continental alluvial plains. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Cheongweon series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil survey laboratory methods manual. The typifying pedon of Cheongweon series has dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt loam Ap horizon (0~18 cm), dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt loam BA horizon (18~30 cm), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silty clay loam Bt1 horizon (30~60 cm), strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silty clay loam Bt2 horizon (60~91 cm), brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam BC horizon (91~104 cm), and mottled (7.5YR 4/6, and 7.5YR 5/2) silt loam C horizon (104~160 cm). The typifying pedon has an argillic horizon from a depth of 30 to 91 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of 35% or more at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. It can be classified as Alfisol, not as Incceptisol. It has udic soil moisture regime, and can be classified as Udalf. Also that meets the requirements of Hapluadalf. It has anthraquic condition, and keys out as Anthraquic Hapludalf. That has fine silty textural family, and has mesic soil temperature regime. Therefore Cheongweon series can be classified as fine silty, mixed, mesic family of Anthraquic Hapludalfs, not as fine silty, mixed, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.474-481
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• 2001

This paper addresses a numerical method for predicting transient temperature distributions in the wall of a curved pipe subjected to internally thermal stratification flow. A simple and convenient numerical method of treating the unsteady conjugate heat transfer in the non-orthogonal coordinate systems is presented. The proposed method is implemented in a finite volume thermal-hydraulic computer code based on a cell-centered, non-staggered grid arrangement, the SIMPLEC algorithm, a higher-order bounded convection scheme, and the modified version of momentum interpolation method. Calculations are performed for the transient evolution of thermal stratification in two curved pipes, where the one has thick wall and the other has so thin wall that its presence can be negligible in the heat transfer analysis. The predicted results show that the thermally stratified flow and transient conjugate heat transfer in a curved pipe with a finite wall thickness can be satisfactorily analyzed by the present numerical method, and that the neglect of wall thickness in the prediction of pipe wall temperature distributions can provide unacceptably distorted results.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.612-618
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• 1998

Monolithic SiC and SiC/C FGM layers were deposited on the graphite substrates by the CVD method and their thermal properties of the two specimens were investigated by thermal shock test for comparison. Temperature profiles and thermal stress distributions on thermal shock test were calculated by a commercially used computer program to see the thermal stress differences inside of two specimens. The specimens coated with FGM were expected to show a efficient relaxation of thermal stresses at the interface and they were not cracked under the actual $\Delta$T=1600 K experimental condition. This result proved that the experimental results were well accorded with the expectation from the theoretical calculations.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.125.2-125.2
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• 2011

청정 에너지원으로 높은 잠재력을 가지고 있는 가스하이드레이트는 상업적 기술개발이 미확보된 상태이다. 현재 전 세계적으로 가스하이드레이트 개발 및 생산에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 이에 대한 기초자료로서 가스하이드레이트가 함유된 퇴적층의 물성자료가 필요하다. 특히, 현장 시료에 대한 물성 측정은 향후 가스하이드레이트 개발 및 생산 계획을 수립하는데 있어서 매우 중요하다. 탄성파 측정 결과는 다른 물성 들에 비하여 하이드레이트 함유 시료의 성형과정에 큰 영향을 받는다. 또한 그 외의 실험 경계조건과 취득 자료의 처리 과정에도 매우 민감하게 반응한다. 따라서 측정을 하는 과정은 물론 측정 후 자료의 활용 과정에서 다양히 고려해야 할 점들이 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공 모래를 이용하여 다양한 조건에서 탄성파 속도를 측정한 후 그 결과를 토대로 하여 기존의 연구 결과와 비교하여 음파 측정연구 시 고려해야 할 기술적 사항 들을 정리해 보았다. 실험에 사용된 장비는 고압의 퇴적층을 모사할 수 있는 압력셀과 메탄과 염수 주입에 사용되는 유체 주입장비, 하이드레이트 형성을 위한 온도조절장비, 자료 획득 장비로 구성되어 있다. p파 속도는 음파 송수신장비를 사용하였다.