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Comparisons of Rates of Air Drying and Shed Drying for Chestnut and Paulownia Soundboards (밤나무와 오동나무 향판용재(響板用材)의 옥외(屋外) 옥내(屋內) 천연건조(天然乾燥) 속도(速度)의 비교(比較))

Jung, Hee-Suk;Yoo, Tae-Kyung
- Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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- v.87 no.4
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- pp.577-583
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- 1998
Chestnut and paulownia boards for the traditional musical instruments were air dried to compare moisture contents(MC), drying rates and drying times between the air drying for 70 days in a yard and the shed drying for 150 days in a closed shed when piled in early June. An average final MC and the drying rate of chestnut boards were 20.6 percent and 0.78%/day for the air drying, and 16.6 percent and 0.44%/day for the shed drying. An average final MC and the drying rate of paulownia boards were 16.7 percent and 1.53%/day for the air drying, and 13.5 percent and 0.77%/day for the shed drying. Drying rates of air-dried boards were nearly twice as high as those of shed-dried boards for both species. Air drying rates of chestnut and paulownia boards were very high and exhibited falling drying rate above the fiber saturation point(30%), and then decreased irregularly. However, shed drying rates of chestnut and paulownia boards were high and exhibited falling drying rate above 55 percent MC for chestnut boards and above 80 percent MC for paulownia boards, and then decreased irregularly.
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Association of Bone Mineral Density with Physiological Characteristics and Lifestyles in Premenopausal Working Women (폐경전 성인직장여성의 골밀도와 생리적 특성 및 생활습관과의 관련성)

임화재
- Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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- v.33 no.2
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- pp.339-348
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- 2004
This study was peformed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density (BMD), Physiological characteristics and lifestyle factors in 61 premenopausal working women aged 30∼49 y in Busan. The BMDs of the lumbar spines (Ll∼L4), femoral necks (FN), ward's triangles (WT) and trochanters (TC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data for physiological characteristics and physical activity was assessed by questionnaire and usual intakes of coffee, green tea, alcohol, Coca cola by food frequency questionnaire. The BMDs of L14, FN, WT and TC were 1.02 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 0.76 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$,0.69 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 0.66 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$respectively The BMD of FN was assessed as osteopenia by T-score. The BMD of WT was positively correlated with age of monarch (p<0.05) and the BMD of Ll4 was positively correlated with delivery number (p<0.05). The BMD of Ll4 was positively correlated with hours of outdoor activity per weekend and week (p<0.05, p<0.05). The BMDs of FN and WT (p<0.05, p<0.05) were positively correlated with intake of green tea per month and the BMD of FN (p<0.05) was positively correlated with intake of wine per month. But the BMD of Ll (p<0.05) was negatively correlated with intake of Coca cola per month. So nutritional education for increasing hours of outdoor activity and decreasing intake frequency of beverage contributing to diminishment of bone mineral density is needed for premenopausal working women to prevent osteoporosis.
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.2.339 인용 PDF KSCI

Analysis of User′s Satisfaction to the Small Urban Spaces by Environmental Design Pattern Language (환경디자인 패턴언어를 통해 본 도심소공간의 이용만족도 분석에 관한 연구)

김광래;노재현;장동주
- Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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- v.16 no.3
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- pp.21-37
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- 1989
Environmental design pattern of the nine Small Urban Spaces at C.B.D. in City of Seoul are surveyed and analyzed for user's satisfaction and behavior under the environmental design evaluation by using Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language. Small Urban Spaces as a part of streetscape are formed by physical factors as well as visual environment and interacting user's behavior. Therefore, user's satisfaction and behavior at the nine Urban Small Spaces were investigated under the further search for some possibilities of application of those Pattern Languages. A pattern language has a structure of a network. It is used in sequence, going through the patterns, moving always from large patterns to smaller, always from the ones which create comes simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of the city were not blade by architects but by the people. It defines the limited number of arrangements of spaces that make sense in any given culture. And it actually gives us the power to generate these coherent arrangement of space. As a results, 'Plaza', 'Seats'and 'Aecessibility' related design Patterns are highly evaluated by Pattern Frequency, Pattern Interaction and their Composition ranks, thus reconfirm Whyte's Praise of urban Small Spaces in our inner city design environments. According to the multiple regression analysis of user's evaluation, the environmental functions related to the satisfaction were 'Plaza', 'Accessibility' and 'Paving'. According to the free response, user's prefer such visually pleasing environmental design object as 'Waterscape' and 'Setting'. In addition to, the basic needs in Urban Small Spaces are amenity facilities as bench, drinking water and shade for rest.
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