• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.103-112
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• 2021

Gallbladder polyps (GBPs) may be a cause of gallbladder cancer. The known risk factors for GBPs are male gender, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. Especially, male gender has been known that it strongly affects on the prevalence of GBPs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate risk factors affecting the prevalence of GBPs among adults on Jeju Island according to genders. We examined 5,574 subjects who visited a single health-screening center at Jeju National University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2019. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors affecting the prevalence of GBPs. The prevalence of GBPs were 8.9% in male subjects and 8.1% in female subjects, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that ≥60 year age (odds ratio [OR] 0.659; P=0.027) and aspartate aminotransferase >32 IU/L (OR 0.658; P=0.009) in male subjects and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ≥60 mg/dL (OR 0.514; P=0.013) in female subjects were independent factors affecting the prevalence of GBPs. The prevalence of GBPs in men (8.9%) is comparable to that in women (8.1%) on Jeju Island. Age <60 years and the higher level of aspartate aminotransferase in men and the normal or lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in women were independent risk factors of GBPs on Jeju Island.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.161-171
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• 2023

It is largely agreed that elderly drivers (over 64 years) are more likely to cause fatal crashes than other age groups. According to national road crash statistics 2021, the number of road fatalities per 10,000 drivers over 64 years old was 1.77, while that of drivers in their 30s was 0.55. This indicates a 2.67 times higher probability of causing crashes among the former than the latter. The current study estimates how rear-end crashes may be reduced by installing Automatic Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS), particularly for elderly drivers. We analyzed data from Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance. The results show that the Odds Ratio of rear-end crash occurrence between vehicles with AEBS and without AEBS is 0.75, implying there were lesser rear-end crashes in the vehicles installed with AEBS. The Odds Ratio of male drivers was determined to be 0.78, which was lesser than the 0.81 Odds Ratio obtained for female drivers. Elderly drivers who had installed AEBS in their vehicles showed an Odds Ratio of 0.76, implying crash reduction. In particular, the Odds Ratio of male elderly drivers was found to be the lowest at 0.49. We believe incentivizing by giving discounted insurance premiums to the elderly who drive vehicles installed with AEBS will help reduce rear-end crashes.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

Suicide is the leading cause of death among Korean adolescents. There is a growing interest in the role of loneliness as a risk factor for suicide ideation and depressive symptoms. However, little is known in the Korean context. This study analyzed a total of 109,796 respondents from the Korea Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2020 and 2021. Multiple logistic regression models were implemented to test the association between loneliness and either of suicidal ideation and depressive mood. Covariates included demographic characteristics, school enrolled, household income, living arrangement, self-rated health, and the number of times treated for violence. Adjusted odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. 12.0% of adolescents reported to have felt lonely frequently and 3.0% always. 11.8% and 26.0% had suicidal ideation and depressive mood, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was higher in the always-lonely adolescents (52.6%) than in the frequently-lonely adolescents (35.1%). The always-lonely adolescents were nearly 30 times more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR=30.7; 95% CI, 27.1 - 34.8) and to feel depressed (OR=32.5; 95% CI, 29.2 - 36.4) than adolescents who felt never lonely. In conclusion, Loneliness was a major risk factor for suicidal ideation and depressive mood among Korean adolescents. Monitoring and addressing the condition of loneliness may help reduce suicidal ideation and depressive mood.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2023

Purpose: Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal death accounting for 30-50% of mortality annually in developing countries. This study was to determine the prognostic factors of neonatal sepsis mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted in Dr. R. Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Governor Hospital from April 2021 to September 2021 on 121 neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) diagnosed with sepsis. The inclusion criteria were neonates aged 0-28 days, admitted to the NICU, and diagnosed with sepsis. The exclusion criteria were incomplete data and the presence of congenital abnormalities. A χ² test was performed on the sex, gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight, APGAR score, birthplace, and blood culture. A normality test was performed on leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), and length of stay. Then performed a Mann-Whitney test. Results: Birth weight (P=0.038), gestational age (P=0.009), and blood culture (P=0.014) showed a significant relationship with the neonatal sepsis outcome while Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the platelets (P=0.018), CRP (P=0.002), and length of stay (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that 3 prognostic factors associated with neonatal sepsis mortality were prematurity (odds ratio [OR], 3.906; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.344-11.356; P=0.012), low birth weight (LBW, OR, 2.833; 95% CI, 1.030-7.790; P=0.044), and gram-negative bacteria (OR, 4.821; 95% CI, 1.018-22.842; P=0.047). Conclusions: Prematurity, LBW, and gram-negative bacteria were associated with the prognostic factors of neonatal sepsis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.613-623
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• 2021

Purpose To evaluate the MRI findings and clinical factors that are characteristic of patients who ultimately undergo surgery for medial epicondylitis. Materials and Methods Fifty-two consecutive patients who were diagnosed with medial epicondylitis and underwent an elbow MRI between March 2010 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The patients' demographic information, clinical data, and MRI findings were evaluated. All variables were compared between the conservative treatment and surgical treatment groups. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify which factors were associated with surgical treatment. Results Common flexor tear (CFT) tear size showed a statistically significant difference in both the transverse and longitudinal planes (p < 0.001, p = 0.013). The CFT abnormality grade significantly differed in both the transverse and longitudinal planes (p = 0.022, p = 0.003). A significant difference was also found in the medial collateral ligament abnormality (p = 0.025). Logistic regression analyses showed that only the transverse diameter of the CFT tear size (odds ratio: 1.864; 95% confidence interval: 1.264-2.750) was correlated with surgical treatment. Conclusion Of patients diagnosed with medial epicondylitis, patients with a larger transverse CFT tear size tend to undergo surgical treatment ultimately.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to provide long-term data about the correlation between multifactorial local factors and the survival of implants. Material and methods: During 19 years (1991 to 2009), 2796 implants were placed in 879 patients. From dental charts and radiographs, the following data were collected: patient's age at implant placement, gender, implant system, surface, length, diameter, location of implant placement, bone quality, primary stability, type of prosthesis. The correlations between these data and implant survival were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Chi-square test, odds ratio. Results: 1. Among the 2796 implants, 150 implants failed that resulted in a cumulative survival rate of 94.64%. The cumulative survival rate of smooth surface implants (91.76%) was lower than rough surface implants (96.02%). 2. Anatomic location, implant surface, diameter of smooth surface implant, primary stability, type of prosthesis, patient's age and gender were significantly associated with implant survival (P < .05). 3. No significant difference in implant survival was found in relation to the following factors: implant length, bone quality, diameter of rough surface implants and type of rough surface according to implant manufacturer (P < .05). Conclusions: Local factors such as anatomic location, implant surface, diameter of smooth surface implant, primary stability and type of prosthesis have a significant effect on implant survival.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the association between lifestyle factors and risk of frailty and depressive symptoms among older South Korean adults. Methods : This study included 10,072 individuals aged 65 or older from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans, a cohort of community-dwelling older South Koreans. The following lifestyle factors were assessed: physical activity, nutrition management (NM), and leisure/social activity participation (AP). Frailty was measured using the frail scale and depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the odds ratios. Results : All lifestyle factors were associated with the risk of frailty and depressive symptoms in the study population. Regular exercise (≥3 times/wk, odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.52~0.91; OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.59~0.75), active NM (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80~0.91; OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.76~0.86), leisure AP (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74~0.84; OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.66~0.77) and social AP (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88~0.96; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.78~0.87) were correlated with lower odds ratios of frailty and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Adopting a healthier lifestyle characterized by regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and active engagement in various activities can effectively reduce the risk of frailty and depressive symptoms among the older population. Ultimately, this study emphasized the essential role of lifestyle choices in promoting the physical and mental well-being of older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1231-1245
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• 2021

Purpose To investigate the usefulness of imaging features for differentiating between small lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Materials and Methods It included 52 female with LCISs (median 45 years, range 32-67 years) and 180 female with ILCs (median 49 years, range 36-75 years), with the longest diameter of ≤ 2 cm, who were evaluated between January 2012 and December 2016. All the female underwent mammography and ultrasonography. Twenty female with LCIS and 150 female with ILC underwent MRI. The clinical and imaging features were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of LCIS. Female with LCIS were also sub-grouped by lesion size and compared with the female with ILC. Results Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.100), smaller lesion size (OR = 1.103), oval or round shape (OR = 4.098), parallel orientation (OR = 5.464), and isoechotexture (OR = 3.360) were significant independent factors predictive of LCIS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing LCIS from ILC was 0.904 (95% confidence interval, 0.857-0.951). Subgroup analysis showed that benign features were more prevalent in female with smaller LCISs (≤ 1 cm) than in those with ILC. Conclusion Small LCISs tend to demonstrate more benign features than small ILCs. Several imaging features are independently predictive of LCIS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.566-578
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• 2024

Purpose This study investigated whether the respiratory phase during pleural puncture in CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) affects complications. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 477 lung biopsy CT scans performed during free breathing. The respiratory phases during pleural puncture were determined based on the table position of the targeted nodule using CT scans obtained during free breathing. We compared the rates of complications among the inspiratory, mid-, and expiratory respiratory phases. Logistic regression analysis was performed to control confounding factors associated with pneumothorax. Results Among the 477 procedures, pleural puncture was performed during the expiratory phase in 227 (47.6%), during the mid-phase in 108 (22.6%), and during the inspiratory phase in 142 (29.8%). The incidence of pneumothorax was significantly lower in the expiratory puncture group (40/227, 17.6%; p = 0.035) and significantly higher in the mid-phase puncture group (31/108, 28.7%; p = 0.048). After controlling for confounding factors, expiratory-phase puncture was found to be an independent protective factor against pneumothorax (odds ratio = 0.571; 95% confidence interval = 0.360-0.906; p = 0.017). Conclusion Our findings suggest that pleural puncture during the expiratory phase may reduce the risk of pneumothorax during image guided PTNB.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.165-178
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to examine associations of intakes of milk and dairy products, pulses, and soy foods with bone health in Koreans aged 50 yr and older. Methods: A total of 3,201 men and 3,581 women aged 50 yr and older who participated in the 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were grouped by sex and age groups of 50~64 yr and 65 yr and older. Subjects within each sex and age group were divided into three bone health groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on bone mineral density. Intakes of nutrients and foods derived from 24-hour recall data were compared among three bone health groups. Associations between intake frequencies of foods, including milk, yogurt, tofu, or soy milk, and osteoporosis risk were evaluated based on confounding risk factor-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Calcium intake was in the order of normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in men (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.05) aged 50~64 yr as well as in men aged 65 yr and older (p < 0.001). In women aged 50~64 yr, intake of milk and dairy products was lower in the osteoporosis group (p < 0.01) as compared with the osteopenia group. Intake of pulses or tofu was not significantly different among bone health groups. Odds ratio (OR) for milk intake frequency (${\geq}2$ times/week) compared to intake frequency less than 1 time/month was 0.45 (95% CI 0.24~0.85, p for trend = 0.022) in men aged 65 yr and older. The OR for yogurt intake frequency (1 time/month~1 time/week) was 0.47 (95% CI 0.30~0.73, p for trend = 0.019) in women aged 50~64 yr. Intake frequency of tofu or soy milk was not associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis in all groups. Conclusion: Dairy food intake was significantly associated with bone health, and its effect was sex- and age group-specific, whereas soy food intake was not. Dietary intervention to prevent osteoporosis would be effective for women aged 50~64 yr old and for men aged 65 yr and older.