• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.359-367
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• 1999

최근 10년 동안 우리들은 성층권의 오존층 고갈(depletion of ozone layer), 지구온난화(global warming) 및 산성비(acid rain) 등을 포함하는 지구환경문제를 해결하여야 하는 많은 도전을 받고 있다. 몬트리올조약과 Montreal Protocol)이 수정되어 특정 CFC계 냉매들의 생산삭감계획이 앞당겨짐에 따라 우리들은 조속히 이들 문제를 해결해야될 심각한 국면에 직면하고 있다.

• Korean Architects
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• s.504
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• pp.73-81
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• 2011

지구라는 한정된 자원을 사용하며 살아가는 인류에게 지구의 온난화와 에너지원의 고갈 등은 인류의 미래를 보장 할 수 없는 단계에 이르렀다. 몇 번의 오일쇼크와 오존층의 파괴 등 지구환경의 변화는 이제 남의 일이 아니다. 세계적인 관심사가 이제야 친환경으로 모아지는 것은 오히려 늦은 감이 있다. 건축계에서도 친환경 및 지속가능한 건축이란 명제가 화두가 된지도 몇 해가 지났다. 그러나 이직도 구체적인 실천이 미흡한 것도 사실이다. 그 이유로는 막연한 개념과 건축에의 구체적인 적용방법의 이해 부족에서 기인한 점도 적지 않다고 본다. 이에 "건축사"지에서는 우리협회의 "친환경건축설계아카데미 건축강좌"의 내용의 일부를 선정하여 요약 연재함으로써 친환경건축에 대한 회원들의 이해를 돕고, 친환경 건축이 활성화 될 수 있도록 하고자 한다. 실무에 도움이 될 수 있었으면 하는 바람이다.

• Korean Architects
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• s.503
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• pp.78-83
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• 2011

지구라는 한정된 자원을 사용하며 살아가는 인류에게 지구의 온난화와 에너지원의 고갈 등은 인류의 미래를 보장 할 수 없는 단계에 이르렀다. 몇 번의 오일쇼크와 오존층의 파괴 등 지구환경의 변화는 이제 남의 일이 아니다. 세계적인 관심사가 이제야 친환경으로 모아지는 것은 오히려 늦은 감이 있다. 건축계에서도 친환경 및 지속가능한 건축이란 명제가 화두가 된지도 몇 해가 지났다. 그러나 아직도 구체적인 실천이 미흡한 것도 사실이다. 그 이유로는 막연한 개념과 건축에의 구체적인 적용방법의 이해 부족에서 기인한 점도 적지 않다고 본다. 이에 "건축사"지에서는 우리협회의 "친환경건축설계아카데미 건축강좌"의 내용의 일부를 선정하여 요약, 연재함으로써 친환경건축에 대한 회원들의 이해를 돕고, 친환경 건축이 활성화 될 수 있도록 하고자 한다. 실무에 도움이 될 수 있었으면 하는 바람이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.589-595
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• 2016

This study evaluated the environmental impacts for landfill treatment of the wastewater treatment sludge (WTS) from petrochemical firms by life cycle assessment (LCA) and reviewed the impact reduction by landfill gas (LFG) utilization. The functional unit was 'landfill of 1 ton of WTS', and the system boundary included the process of input and treatment for WTS in landfill site. The impacts were high at landfill process (LP) and leachate treatment process (LTP). Global warming (GWP) and photochemical oxidants creation (POCP) were high at LP, while abiotic depletion (ADP), acidification (AP), eutrophication (EP), ozone depletion (ODP) were high at LTP. The major substances of various impact categories were crude oil (ADP), $NO_X$ (AP, EP), $CH_4$ (GWP, POCP), $Cl_2$ (ODP), respectively. The major factor of ADP, AP, EP was attributed from the generation of electricity used in LTP, and the methane within uncollected LFG was main factor of GWP and POCP. Therefore, electricity consumption reduction is identified to be an impact improvement option, and the flaring system installation or enhanced LFG recovery could be an alternative to reduce impacts. Among the various categories, GWP accounted the highest impact (${\geq}90%$) followed by ADP, POCP. In the avoidance impact resulted from the utilization of LFG, to substitute B-C oil or LNG showed the impact reduction of 32.7% and 12.0%, respectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2009

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been studied on the reuse of glass bottles. The system boundary in this study encompassed from gate to gate such as production and transportation. A 360 mL volume of a glass bottle was selected as the functional unit. The environmental impact assessments was studied on 6 categories including abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone depletion, and photochemical oxidant creation. The results showed that the most significant impact categories were abiotic resource depletion (48.63%) and global warming (46.27%), and the rest categories revealed insignificant impacts. In the whole system, the chemicals used for the new bottle production revealed the major contribution to the environmental impacts (71.24%), followed by the use of electricity (16.74%) and transportation (11.8%). In addition, the environmental impact of sodium silicate to be put into the stage of the new bottle production was found to be 45.68%, causing severe influence on abiotic resource depletion and global warming.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

This study conducted the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) on waste rubber recycling technology for recovering rubber product from the waste tires. Environmental impacts were assessed for the five categories of impacts: global warming, resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxide production, and ozone layer depletion. When recycling 1ton of waste tire containing rubber, global warming impact was 1.77E+02 kg $CO_2-eq.$, resource depletion impact was 1.23E+00 kg Sb-eq., acidification impact was 5.92E-01 kg $SO_2-eq.$, eutrophication impact was 1.23E-01 kg $PO{_4}^{3-}-eq.$, photochemical oxide production impact was 3.42E-01 kg $C_2H_4-eq.$, and ozone layer depletion impact was 1.87E-04 kg CFC11-eq. In terms of overall environmental impacts, carbon, softener and electricity the greatest impact, so it is necessary to compare the environmental impacts of the raw materials to replace carbon and softener, and a method to reduce the filler usage in the process is needed. In addition, it is necessary to improve energy efficiency, change to low-energy sources, and apply renewable energy.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

More recently, the ecocide like an environmental shocks of acid rain, oil spills and now the ozone layer have driven home the fact that we're all responsible for looking after our natural environment and threaten the our right to live. At such a situation enterprises has been to develop techniques of enhancing environment friendly design. However it is difficult to producing environment friendly product - especially at electronic product like a high accumulated thing and produced with a small amount - while they know the importance of environment. Because of a direct and actual disadvantage of enterprise and customer. Moreover it is rare and negative for physical point that an adaptation case of recycled material or natural one for designing. Therefore it is important to positive consideration and action of design process for the nature. In this paper the focus of interest is find out the active and real environmental friendly design practice scheme as a designer and understanding of basic of the environmental friendly design for a coexistence of the enterprise, customer, and environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.698-705
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• 2017

Environmental impact of a mobile phone charger containing recycled plastic was quantified using LCA and the environmental benefits from the use of recycled and virgin plastic were compared. The assessment considers potential environmental impacts across the whole life cycle of the charger including; pre-manufacturing; manufacturing; distribution; product use; and end-of-life stages and quantified six environmental impact categories; Abiotic depletion; Acidification; Eutrophication; Global warming; Ozone layer depletion; and Photochemical oxidants creation. The study showed that the environmental impacts of the use stage accounted for 94.4% and 70% in the resource depletion and global warming impact categories, respectively, and the environmental impacts of the pre - manufacturing stage accounted for more than 98% in the other impact categories. The main cause of the environmental impacts in the use stage was electricity consumed by the charger. The main cause in the pre-manufacturing stage was PBA (Printed Board Assembly) and external case manufacturing. In order to quantify the environmental benefits of recycled PC (Polycarbonate) in the exterior case, the environmental impacts of 1 kg production of recycled PC and virgin PC were evaluated. The environmental impact on the abiotic depletion of the recycled PC is estimated to be 30% compared to the virgin PC, and the impacts on the other impact categories of the recycled PC were less than 5% of the virgin plastic. Sensitivity analysis was performed for 12 items including site data and assumptions made. The sensitivity of each item was less than 10%. The results of this study confirm that designing compact and light PBA, improving charging efficiency, and use of recycled plastic are important design factors to reduce the environmental impact of a charger.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2022

An environmental evaluation was conducted by employing LCA methodology for a mechanical seal manufacturing process that uses recycled silicon recovered from end-of-cycle PV modules. The recycled silicon was purified and reacted with carbon to synthesize β-SiC particles. Then the particles underwent compression molding, calcination and heat treatment to produce a product. Field data were collected and the potential environmental impacts of each stage were calculated using the LCI DB of the Ministry of Environment. The assessment was based on 6 categories, which were abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone depletion and photochemical oxidant creation. The environmental impacts by category were 45 kg CO₂ for global warming and 2.23 kg C₂H₄ for photochemical oxide creation, and the overall environmental impact by photochemical oxide creation, resource depletion and global warming had a high contribution of 98.7% based on weighted analysis. The wet process of fine grinding and mixing the raw silicon and carbon, and SiC granulation were major factors that caused the environmental impacts. These impacts need to be reduced by converting to a dry process and using a system to recover and reuse the solvent emitted to the atmosphere. It was analyzed that the environmental impacts of resource depletion and global warming decreased by 53.9% and 60.7%, respectively, by recycling silicon from end-of-cycle PV modules. Weighted analysis showed that the overall environmental impact decreased by 27%, and the LCA analysis confirmed that recycling waste modules could be a major means of resource saving and realizing carbon neutrality.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.537-543
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• 2014

As environmental matters such as Green House Effect rise, many construction industries are putting an effort on minimizing environmental impact in terms of building life cycle throughout the world. However, in South Korea, evaluating the eco-friendly building based on life cycle assessment has been facing an academic ostracism while the most studies are focusing on assessing the 6 environmental impact assessments of passive apartment based on life cycle assessment. The theoretical consideration of the life cycle assessment and environmental impact category were performed and the direction of the study was set up. Also, existing apartment and passive apartment, which had same structure and same type were chosen and building materials per unit area were compared to find out the difference environmental impact for building life cycle. As a result, passive apartment was rated as low level among the 6 environmental impacts. Also, effect of building material on passive apartment was more important than its operational stage.